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Constituent Assembly of Tunisia
Tunisian parliament
Tunisian parliament
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | National Constituent Assembly |
| native_name | المجلس الوطني التأسيسي |
| native_name_lang | ar |
| transcription_name | ar |
| foundation | |
| disbanded | |
| house_type | Unicameral parliament |
| preceded_by | Chamber of Deputies |
| succeeded_by | Assembly of the Representatives of the People |
| leader1_type | Speaker |
| leader1 | Mustapha Ben Jafar |
| party1 | Ettakatol |
| election1 | 22 November 2011 |
| leader2_type | First Deputy Speaker |
| leader2 | Meherzia Labidi Maïza |
| party2 | Ennahda |
| election2 | 22 November 2011 |
| leader3_type | Second Deputy Speaker |
| leader3 | Larbi Ben Salah Abid |
| party3 | CPR |
| election3 | 22 November 2011 |
| members | 217 |
| structure1 | TNConstituant2014.png |
| structure1_res | 250px |
| voting_system1 | Proportional representation in multi-member constituency party-lists |
| last_election1 | 23 October 2011 |
| session_room | Tunisian Chamber Deputies-edit.jpg |
| session_res | 230px |
| session_alt | Bardo, Tunis |
| meeting_place | Bardo Palace |
| website |
The Constituent Assembly of Tunisia, or National Constituent Assembly (NCA) was the body in charge of devising a new Tunisian constitution for the era after the fall of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD)–regime. Convoked after the election on 23 October 2011, the convention consisted of 217 lawmakers representing Tunisians living both in the country and abroad. A plurality of members came from the moderate Islamist Ennahda Movement. The Assembly held its first meeting on 22 November 2011, and was dissolved and replaced by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People on 26 October 2014.
Convocation
Provisionally, a time of approximately one year was envisioned to develop the new constitution, although the convention itself was to determine its own schedule.
Before the first session of the NCA, the Ennahda, Congress for the Republic (CPR) and Ettakatol agreed to share the three highest posts in state. Accordingly, the parliament voted Mustapha Ben Jafar (Ettakatol) speaker of the NCA upon being convoked on 22 November. Meherzia Labidi (Ennahda) and Larbi Abid (CPR) were elected Deputy Speakers.
Provisional constitution and presidential election
On 10 December 2011, the assembly adopted a provisional constitution (Law on the provisional organisation of public powers) According to articles VIII and IX of the document, the requirements for the eligibility as president are exclusive Tunisian nationality (excluding citizens with dual nationality), having Tunisian parentage, religious affiliation to Islam, and an age of 35 years or more. 141 delegates approved of the law, 37 voted against, and 39 abstained.
On 12 December 2011, the NCA elected the human rights activist and CPR leader Moncef Marzouki as the interim President of the Tunisian Republic. 153 delegates voted for him, three against, and 44 votes were blank. Blank votes were the result of a boycott from the opposition parties, who disagreed with the new "mini-constitution".
On 14 December, one day after his accession to office, Marzouki appointed Hamadi Jebali, the secretary-general of the Ennahda Movement as Prime Minister. Jebali presented his government on 20 December, and officially took office on 24 December.
|- style="background:#E9E9E9;" ! colspan=3|Candidacy of Moncef Marzouki of the Congress for the Republic |- style="background:#E9E9E9;" ! align="left"|Choice !! Votes !! %
| - |
|---|
| - |
| - |
| - style="background:#F2F2F2;" |
| ! align="left" |
| - style="background:#F2F2F2;" |
| - style="background:#F2F2F2;" |
| - |
| } |
Constitution drafting process
The actual process of drafting the new constitution started on 13 February 2012. The assembly established six committees, each in charge of one of the individual themes of the constitution. The first commission was responsible for the preamble and the general principles and amendments. Each of the committees consisted of 22 lawmakers and mirrored the relative strength of the political groups in the assembly. The most crucial question was the form of government. While the Islamist Ennahda movement favoured a parliamentary system, its secular coalition partners CPR and Ettakatol, as well as most of the minor opposition parties preferred a semi-presidential republic. The new Tunisian constitution was passed on 26 January 2014.
Party standings
The party standings as of the election and as of 26 October 2014 were as follows:
| Affiliation | Members | 2011 Election | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | As of | ||||
| 5 October 2014 | |||||
| Ennahda Movement}}" | Ennahda Movement | 89 | 85 | ||
| Congress for the Republic}}" | Congress for the Republic (CPR) | 29 | 12 | ||
| Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties}}" | Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (FDTL) | 20 | 12 | ||
| Democratic Alliance Party8 | - | 10 | |||
| Social Democratic Path (VDS)10 | - | 10 | |||
| Republican Party (Tunisia)}}" | Republican Party (PR)7 | - | 8 | ||
| Popular Petition}}" | Popular Petition/Current of Love | 26 | 7 | ||
| Wafa Movement}}" | Wafa Movement2 | - | 6 | ||
| Voice of the Tunisian People3 | - | 6 | |||
| Nidaa Tounes12 | - | 6 | |||
| El Amen Party3 | - | 5 | |||
| The Initiative (Tunisia)}}" | The Initiative (Almoubadara) | 4 | |||
| Democratic Current}}" | Democratic Current2 | - | 4 | ||
| Movement of the Republic4 | - | 4 | |||
| Afek Tounes}}" | Afek Tounes11 | 4 | 3 | ||
| Tunisian Workers' Communist Party}}" | Tunisian Workers' Communist Party (PTOL)/Workers' Party (PT) | 3 | |||
| Patriotic Construction Party1 | - | 3 | |||
| People's Movement/Popular Current | 2 | ||||
| Free Patriotic Union}}" | Free Patriotic Union (UPL) | 1 | 2 | ||
| Democratic Patriots' Movement}}" | Democratic Patriots' Movement (MOPAD) | 1 | |||
| Maghrebin Liberal Party}}" | Maghrebin Liberal Party/Maghrebi Republican Party | 1 | |||
| Progressive Struggle Party/Progressive People's Party | 1 | ||||
| Tunisian Movement for Freedom and Dignity | - | 1 | |||
| Tunisian National Front | - | 1 | |||
| Al Iklaa Party2 | - | 1 | |||
| Third Alternative5 | - | 1 | |||
| Reform and Development Party8 | - | 1 | |||
| Progressive Democratic Party (Tunisia)}}" | Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)6 | 16 | – | ||
| Democratic Modernist Pole}}" | Democratic Modernist Pole (PDM)9 | 5 | — | ||
| Movement of Socialist Democrats}}" | Movement of Socialist Democrats (MDS) | 2 | — | ||
| Democratic Social Nation Party | 1 | — | |||
| New Destour Party | 1 | — | |||
| Equity and Equality Party | 1 | — | |||
| Cultural Unionist Nation Party | 1 | — | |||
| Independent lists | 8 | 17 | |||
| Total members | 217 |
Note: 1Split from Ennahda. ::2Split from CPR. ::3Mostly composed of former members of Popular Petition. ::4Split from Popular Petition. ::5Split from FDTL. ::6Merged into PR. ::7Merger of PDP, Afek Tounes, minor parties and independents. ::8Split from PDP. ::9Dissolved. Most members joined VDS. ::10Mostly composed of former members of PDM. ::11Merged into PR. Later revived. ::12Founded after the 2011 election; was joined by defectors from different parties.
References
References
- [http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/11/18/how-will-the-first-session-of-the-constituent-assembly-be-held/ How Will the First Session of the Constituent Assembly Be Held? – Tunisia Live : Tunisia Live] {{webarchive. link. (9 March 2012)
- (22 October 2011). "Backgrounder: Basic facts about Tunisian Constituent Assembly election". Xinhua English News.
- Gamha, Eymen. (10 October 2011). "Tunisia's Constituent Assembly: How Long Will it Last?". tunisia-live.net.
- (21 November 2011). "Tunisia coalition agrees top government posts". BBC News.
- Ayari, Sadok. (22 November 2011). "Mustapha Ben Jaafar Elected President of the Constituent Assembly". Tunisia Live.
- Ben Ghazi, Myriam. (23 November 2011). "Day of Tunisia's Historic Democratic Transition". tunisia-live.net.
- (11 December 2011). "Tunisian assembly adopts provisional constitution". Al Jazeera English.
- (7 December 2011). "Constituent Assembly resumes works". TAP Tunisian News Agency.
- Ajmi, Sana. (11 December 2011). "Discriminatory Qualifications for Tunisia's President Cause Controversy". tunisia-live.net.
- Ben Salah, Hamida. (12 December 2011). "Tunisie : Moncef Marzouki succède à Ben Ali comme président "de la 1e république arabe libre"". [[Agence France Presse.
- Mzioudet, Houda. (14 December 2011). "Ennahda's Jebali Appointed as Tunisian Prime Minister". Tunisia-live.net.
- (20 December 2011). "Tunisian PM presents new government". AFP.
- Ben Hassine, Wafa. (13 February 2012). "Process of Writing Tunisia's New Constitution Begins". Tunisia-live.net.
- Fitouri, Samia. (10 February 2012). "Tunisia Still Undecided Over Form of Government for New Democracy". Tunisia-live.net.
- (26 January 2014). "Tunisia assembly approves new constitution".
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