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Communist Party of Lithuania

Banned political party in Lithuania

Communist Party of Lithuania

Banned political party in Lithuania

FieldValue
nameCommunist Party of Lithuania
native_nameLietuvos komunistų partija
native_name_langlt
colorcode
first_secretaryAntanas Sniečkus (first)
Mykolas Burokevičius (last)
foundation1 October 1918
dissolution1991-01-15
banned{{nowrap1918–1940 (first ban)
successorDemocratic Labour Party of Lithuania
Socialist People's Front (not legal successors)
newspaperTiesa
youth_wingLeninist Young Communist League of Lithuania
coloursRed
ideology
positionFar-left
headquartersVilnius
internationalCommunist International (1919–1943)
affiliation1_titleContinental affiliation
affiliation1UCP–CPSU
nationalCommunist Party of the Soviet Union (1940–1989)
countryLithuania

Mykolas Burokevičius (last)

23 August 1991–present (second ban)}} Socialist People's Front (not legal successors)

Former Central Committee office of the Lithuanian Communist Party

The Communist Party of Lithuania (; ) is a banned communist party in Lithuania. The party was established in early October 1918 and operated clandestinely until it was legalized in 1940 after the Soviets claimed the Baltics. The party was banned in August 1991, following the coup attempt in Moscow which later led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Lithuanian SSR. It remains illegal in modern day Lithuania and continues to operate, albeit having a negligible presence in Lithuanian politics.

History

The party was working illegally from 1920 until 1940. Although the party was illegal, some of its members took part in the 1922 Lithuanian parliamentary election under title "Workers Groups". It managed to gather 5.0 per cent of vote (or around 40,000 votes) and elect five members. Due to political instability, Seimas was dissolved and new elections took place in 1923. In these elections, the party lost half of its support.

In 1940 the party amalgamated with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (CPSU). By the time of the formation of the Lithuanian SSR, the Communist Party of Lithuania (LKP) was headed by Antanas Sniečkus. In 1940, the LKP merged into the CPSU(b). The territorial organisation of the party in Lithuania was called Communist Party of Lithuania (Bolshevik) (LKP (b)). In the Lithuanian territorial organisation, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the party (always a Lithuanian) was de facto ruler of the country. The second secretary for the most of Soviet era was a Moscow-appointed Russian. In 1952 the name of the old Lithuanian party, LKP, was re-adopted.

On 24 December 1989, during mass protests of the Singing Revolution against the Soviet Union in Lithuania, the party declared itself independent from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. By 1990, the main body of the CPL reorganized itself as the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, which in turn by 2001 merged with Social Democratic Party of Lithuania under the latter's name; but with leadership dominated by ex-communists and 'progressive' socialists.

A small portion of the party remained loyal to the CPSU, and reorganized as the Communist Party of Lithuania ('on platform of Communist Party of the Soviet Union') under the leadership of Mykolas Burokevičius after the "traditional" party declared independence from its Soviet Union counterpart. The party played a major role in the January 1991 Events in Lithuania.

The Communist Party of Lithuania was eventually banned on 23 August 1991.

Membership

Party membership[1]YearMembers
1930650
19361,942
19401,741
19414,620
19453,540
195027,800
195535,500
196054,300
196586,400
1970116,600
1975140,200
1980165,800

Governance

First Secretaries

url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pvHRNNk9hHEC&pg=PA494}}</ref>
No.PictureNameTook officeLeft officePolitical partyFirst SecretaryCommunist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"1Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"—Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"2Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"—Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"3Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"4First Secretary (of pro-Moscow breakaway faction)Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"5
[[File:Snieckus.jpg105x105px]]Antanas Sniečkus
(1903–1974)21 July 194022 January 1974CPL/CPSU
[[File:Emblem of Lithuanian SSR (early version).svg105x105px]]*Valery Khazarov*acting
(1918–2013)22 January 197418 February 1974CPL/CPSU
[[File:Petras Griškevičius (1971).jpg105x105px]]Petras Griškevičius
(1924–1987)18 February 197414 November 1987CPL/CPSU
[[File:Emblem of the Lithuanian SSR.svg105x105px]]*Nikolai Mitkin*acting
(1929–1998)14 November 19871 December 1987CPL/CPSU
Ringaudas Songaila
(1929–2019)1 December 198719 October 1988CPL/CPSU
[[File:Litauens statsminister, Algirdis Mykolas Brazauskas, vid presskonferens under Nordiska radets session i Stockholm.jpg105x105px]]Algirdas Brazauskas
(1932–2010)19 October 198823 December 1989CPL/CPSU
23 December 19898 December 1990CPL (independent)
"Leading role" of the party abolished 7 December 1989
[[File:Mikolas Burokevicus.jpg105x105px]]Mykolas Burokevičius
(1927–2016)23 December 198923 August 1991CPL/CPSU

Second Secretaries

  • Icikas Meskupas-Adomas (9 February 1941 – 13 March 1942)
  • Vladas Niunka (April – 30 December 1944)
  • Alexander Isachenko (30 December 1944 – 24 November 1946)
  • Alexander Trofimov (24 November 1946 – 22 September 1952)
  • Vasily Aronov (25 September 1952 – 11 June 1953)
  • Motiejus Šumauskas (February 1954 – 24 January 1956)
  • Boris Sharkov (28 January 1956 – 27 September 1961)
  • Boris Popov (30 September 1961 – 13 April 1967)
  • Valery Khazarov (13 April 1967 – 10 December 1978)
  • Nikolay Dubenko (11 December 1978 – 17 September 1986)
  • Nikolai Mitkin (17 September 1986 – 9 December 1988)
  • Vladimir Beryozov (9 December 1988 – 1990)

Congresses

CongressDateDelegatesNotes
1st1–3 October 191834Took place illegally in Vilnius
2nd4–6 March 1919159 + 10Joint congress with the Communist Party of Byelorussia; Established the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Belorussia
3rd24–29 October 192112Took place illegally in Königsberg
4th17–21 July 192411 + 4Took place in Moscow; after the 5th World Congress of the Comintern
5th5–9 February 1941294 + 66Took place in Kaunas; First congress after establishment of the Lithuanian SSR
6th15–18 February 1949471 + 74First congress after World War II
7th22–25 September 1952517 + 75Elected 9 delegates to the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8th16–19 February 1954541 + 44
9th24–27 January 1956578 + 101Elected 9 delegates to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
10th12–15 February 1958572 + 108
11th14–16 January 1959596 + 126Elected 9 delegates to the 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
12th1–3 March 1960593 + 103
13th27–29 April 1961688 + 119Elected 36 delegates to the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
14th9–10 January 1964765 + 99
15th3–5 March 1966789 + 90Elected 42 delegates to the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
16th3–5 March 1971748 + 47Elected 45 delegates to the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
17th20–22 January 1976904Elected 49 delegates to the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
18th29–30 January 1981933Elected 42 delegates to the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
19th24–25 January 1986947Elected 55 delegates to the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
20th19 December 19891033Voted to separate from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

References

References

  1. "24.12.1989".
  2. [https://www.interfax.ru/30years/784046 Деятельность компартии Литвы под запретом]
  3. (2000). "Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Two-Volume Set". Elsevier.
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organizations-of-the-revolutions-of-1989 communist-parties-in-the-soviet-union banned-communist-parties comintern-sections parties-of-one-party-systems communist-parties-in-lithuania lithuanian-collaborators-with-the-soviet-union-(1940–1941) branches-of-the-communist-party-of-the-soviet-union political-parties-established-in-1918 political-parties-disestablished-in-1991 defunct-political-parties-in-lithuania 1918-establishments-in-lithuania 1991-disestablishments-in-lithuania political-parties-in-the-lithuanian-soviet-socialist-republic singing-revolution
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