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Communist Party of Kazakhstan (Soviet Union)
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Communist Party of Kazakhstan |
| native_name | |
| native_name_lang | kk |
| abbreviation | QKP |
| colorcode | |
| logo | Emblem of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1978–1991), Emblem of Kazakhstan (1991–1992).svg |
| leader1_title | First leader |
| leader1_name | Levon Mirzoyan |
| leader2_title | Last leader |
| leader2_name | Nursultan Nazarbayev |
| foundation | |
| dissolution | |
| successor | Socialist Party (de jure) |
| Communist Party (de facto) | |
| ideology | Communism |
| Marxism–Leninism | |
| country | Kazakhstan |
| country2 | the Soviet Union |
| colours | Red |
| national | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
Communist Party (de facto) Marxism–Leninism
The Communist Party of Kazakhstan (QKP; , Qazaqstan Kommunistık Partiasy) was the ruling and sole legal political party in the Kazakh SSR.
Origin
The Communist Party of Kazakhstan was founded 1936 as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Kazakhstan, when Kazakhstan was granted a Union Republic status within the Soviet Union. The Communist Party of Kazakhstan had been a branch of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
April 24, 1990 from Art. 6 of the Constitution of the Kazakh SSR, the provision on the monopoly of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan on power was excluded.
Post-Soviet restructuring
The 18th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, held on September 7, 1991, decided to dissolve the party. The Socialist Party was created on its basis. Nursultan Nazarbayev, chairman of the party, resigned after the failure of the August putsch in Moscow. Dissatisfied members of the old Communist Party recreated the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in October 1991 at the 19th Congress of the party.
First Secretaries
| No. | Chairman | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (birth–death) | Term of office | Political party | Ref | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 1 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 2 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 3 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 4 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 5 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 6 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 7 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 8 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 9 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 10 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 11 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 12 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white" | 13 |
| [[File:Levon Mirzoyan.jpg | 125px]] | Levon Mirzoyan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Левон Мирзоян | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1897–1939) | 23 April 1937 | 23 May 1938 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Bolsheviks) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oversaw early famine relief and collectivization; arrested in 1938 during Great Purge and executed in February 1939. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Nikolai Aleksandrovich Skvortsov.jpg | 125px]] | Nikolay Skvortsov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Николай Скворцов | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1899–1974) | 23 May 1938 | 23 July 1945 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Bolsheviks) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guided the republic through wartime mobilization relocating factories during World War II and post‑war reconstruction. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg | 125px]] | Gennady Borkov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Геннадий Борков | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1905–1983) | 23 July 1945 | 22 June 1946 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Bolsheviks) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Served briefly in the immediate post‑war period during demobilization; little else is documented about his short tenure. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg | 125px]] | Zhumabay Shayakhmetov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Жұмабай Шаяхметов | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1902–1966) | 22 June 1946 | 6 February 1954 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Bolsheviks) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First ethnic Kazakh in the post; removed in February 1954 under Khrushchev's reorganizations amid allegations of corruption. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Anefo 910-7476 Ponomanrenko, (cropped).jpg | 125px]] | Panteleimon Ponomarenko | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Пантелеймон Пономаренко | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1902–1984) | 6 February 1954 | 7 May 1955 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transferred from Byelorussian SSR as a transitional figure after Stalin's death; served just over a year before being reassigned. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Леонид Брежнев (1949).jpg | 125px]] | Leonid Brezhnev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Леонид Брежнев | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1906–1982) | 8 May 1955 | 6 March 1956 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Promoted from Second Secretary to lead Virgin Lands campaign and Baikonur development; recalled to Moscow in March 1956 after disappointing harvests. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg | 125px]] | Ivan Yakovlev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Иван Яковлев | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1910–1999) | 6 March 1956 | 26 December 1957 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elevated from Second to First Secretary during the Khrushchev Thaw; oversaw de‑Stalinization measures and defense‑industry conversion. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg | 125px]] | Nikolai Belyaev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Николай Беляев | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1903–1966) | 26 December 1957 | 19 January 1960 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noted for advancing agricultural and economic policies; dismissed in January 1960 due to a downturn in agricultural output and the harsh suppression of the 1959 Temirtau riots. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Dinmuhkamed Konayev.png | 125px]] | Dinmukhamed Kunaev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Дінмұхамед Қонаев | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1912–1993) | 19 January 1960 | 26 December 1962 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg | 125px]] | Ismail Yusupov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ысмайыл Юсупов | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1914–2005) | 26 December 1962 | 7 December 1964 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded Kunaev amid Khrushchev's regional reshuffling; initiated the transfer of several South Kazakhstan regions to the Uzbek SSR and was later dismissed at Brezhnev's suggestion. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Dinmuhkamed Konayev.png | 125px]] | Dinmukhamed Kunaev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Дінмұхамед Қонаев | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1912–1993) | 7 December 1964 | 16 December 1986 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| After a brief hiatus (replaced in 1962), he returned to lead for over 22 years overseeing massive industrialization and former Virgin Lands efforts and was removed in December 1986 by Gorbachev, causing the Jeltoqsan protests. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Emblem of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1978–1991), Emblem of Kazakhstan (1991–1992).svg | 125px]] | Gennady Kolbin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Геннадий Колбин | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1927–1998) | 16 December 1986 | 22 June 1989 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appointed by Gorbachev as an outsider with no prior work in Kazakhstan; his imposition sparked the Jeltoqsan protests. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Nazarbayev Inauguration 1991 (cropped).jpg | 125px]] | Nursultan Nazarbayev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Нұрсұлтан Назарбаев | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1940–) | 22 June 1989 | 28 August 1991 | Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};" | Communist | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Last First Secretary; oversaw the exclusion of Article 6 (ending one‑party monopoly) on 24 October 1990 and the transition to the Presidency in April 1990 before office was abolished in September 1991. |
References
References
- [https://www.nur.kz/878575-kommunisticheskuyu-partiyu-kazakhstana.html Коммунистическую партию Казахстана ликвидировали по решению суда]
- [https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=1000133 Закон Казахской ССР от 24 апреля 1990 г. «Об учреждении поста Президента Казахской ССР и внесении изменений и дополнений в Конституцию (Основной Закон) Казахской ССР»]
- [https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/10006113/ Постановление Конституционного Суда РФ от 30 ноября 1992 г. N 9-П]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019104007/https://yeltsin.ru/day-by-day/1991/09/10/5633/ Компартии Казахстана дали шанс уйти красиво, и она его использовала]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019144655/https://yeltsin.ru/day-by-day/1991/08/29/5141/ Назарбаев вышел из партии]
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