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Close-mid front unrounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨e⟩ in IPA
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Summary
Vowel sound represented by ⟨e⟩ in IPA
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ipa symbol | e |
| ipa number | 302 |
| decimal | 101 |
| x-sampa | e |
| braille | e |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x0065.svg |
|x-sampa=e
The close-mid front unrounded vowel, or high-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .
For the close-mid front unrounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol or , see near-close front unrounded vowel. If the usual symbol is , the vowel is listed here.
Features
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Standard | bed | 'bed' | |
| Arabic | Standard | مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا/majrēhā | ||
| Azerbaijani | gecə | [ɟeˈd͡ʒæ] | 'night' | |
| Bengali | ভেজা | 'wet' | See Bengali phonology | |
| Bavarian | Amstetten dialect | |||
| Breton | eget | [eˈɡet] | 'than' | |
| Catalan | séc | 'fold' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Shanghainese | 该/kè | 'should' | |
| Chuvash | эрешмен/ereşmen | [erɛʃ'mɛnʲ] | 'spider' | |
| Danish | Standard | hæl | 'heel' | |
| Dutch | Belgian | vreemd | 'strange' | |
| English | Australian | bed | 'bed' | |
| New Zealand | The height varies from near-close in broad varieties to mid in the Cultivated variety. See New Zealand English phonology | |||
| General American | ''m'''ay''''' | 'may' | Most often a closing diphthong . | |
| General Indian | Realized closer to [j̚e]. | |||
| General Pakistani | Can be a diphthong instead, depending on speaker. | |||
| Geordie | ||||
| Scottish | ||||
| Singaporean | ||||
| Ulster | Pronounced in Belfast. | |||
| Some Cardiff speakers | ''squ'''are''''' | 'square' | More often open-mid . | |
| Scouse | May (less commonly) be less open [ɪː] or more open [ɛː] instead | |||
| Scottish | *bit* | 'bit' | Near-front, may be (also ) instead for other speakers. | |
| Cockney | *bird* | 'bird' | Near-front; occasional realization of . It can be rounded or, more often, unrounded central instead. Typically transcribed in IPA with . | |
| Estonian | keha | 'body' | See Estonian phonology | |
| French | beauté | 'beauty' | See French phonology | |
| German | Standard | Seele | 'soul' | |
| Many speakers | Jäger | 'hunter' | Outcome of the merger found universally in Northern Germany, Eastern Germany and Eastern Austria (often even in formal speech) and in some other regions. See Standard German phonology | |
| Southern accents | Bett | 'bed' | Common realization of in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria. See Standard German phonology | |
| Swabian accent | Contrasts with the open-mid . See Standard German phonology | |||
| Greek | Sfakian | |||
| Hebrew | כן/ken | 'yes' | Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script, see Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Hindustani | Hindi | तेज़/tez | 'fast', 'sharp' | |
| Urdu | تیز/tez | |||
| Hungarian | hét | 'seven' | Also described as mid . See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian | Standard | stelle | 'stars' | |
| Khmer | ទុរេន / km | 'durian' | See Khmer phonology | |
| Korean | 메아리 / meari | 'echo' | See Korean phonology | |
| Limburgish | Most dialects | leef | 'dear' | |
| Lithuanian | tėtė | 'father' | 'Tete' and 'tėtis' are more commonly used than 'tėtė.' | |
| Malay | Standard | *kecil* | 'small' | |
| *habis* | 'run out' | Allophone of []. See Malay phonology | ||
| Malayalam | ചെവി/čevi | [ȶ͡ɕeʋi] | 'ear' | See Malayalam phonology |
| Marathi | एक/ek | [e:k] | 'one' | See Marathi phonology |
| Norwegian | le | 'laugh' | The example word is from Urban East Norwegian. See Norwegian phonology | |
| Mpade | faɗe | 'night' | ||
| Persian | سه/se | [se] | 'three' | |
| Polish | dzień | 'day' | Allophone of between palatal or palatalized consonants. See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese | mesa | 'table' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian | umple | 'to fill' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian | шея/šeja | 'neck' | Close-mid before and between soft consonants, mid after soft consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Saterland Frisian | tään | 'thin' | Near-front; typically transcribed in IPA with . Phonetically, it is nearly identical to (). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with is actually near-close . | |
| Slovene | sedem | 'seven' | See Slovene phonology | |
| Sotho | ho jwetsa | 'to tell' | Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels. See Sotho phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard | se | 'see' | |
| Tahitian | vahine | 'woman' | ||
| Tamil | செவி/čevi | [ȶ͡ɕeʋi] | 'ear' | See Tamil phonology |
| Ukrainian | ефі́рний uk | [eˈfirnɪj] | 'ethereal' | See Ukrainian phonology |
| Welsh | chwech | [χweːχ] | 'six' | See Welsh phonology |
| Yoruba |
Notes
References
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- {{citation |orig-year=First published 2003
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- {{citation |editor1-last=Brown |editor1-first=Adam |editor2-last=Deterding |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Low |editor3-first=Ee Ling
- {{citation |author-link=Clement Martyn Doke
- {{citation |orig-year=First published 1962
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- {{citation |editor-last=Schneider |editor-first=Edgar W. |editor2-last=Burridge |editor2-first=Kate |editor3-last=Kortmann |editor3-first=Bernd |editor4-last=Mesthrie |editor4-first=Rajend |editor5-last=Upton |editor5-first=Clive
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- {{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415194042/http://www.taalportaal.org/taalportaal/topic/pid/topic-14610909940908011 |archive-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2017
References
- {{Vowel terminology
- {{Harvcoltxt. Traunmüller. 1982, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. Maddieson. 1996
- Mikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010
- "Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland".
- Watson, Kevin. (2007). "Liverpool English". Journal of the International Phonetic Association.
- Watson, Kevin. (2007). "Liverpool English". Journal of the International Phonetic Association.
Wikipedia Source
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