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Close-mid front rounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ø⟩ in IPA
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Vowel sound represented by ⟨ø⟩ in IPA
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ipa symbol | ø |
| ipa number | 310 |
| decimal | 248 |
| x-sampa | 2 |
| braille | ou |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x00F8.svg |
|x-sampa=2
The close-mid front rounded vowel, or high-mid front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is , a lowercase letter o with a diagonal stroke through it, borrowed from Danish, Norwegian, and Faroese, which sometimes use the letter to represent the sound. This sound is represented by the letter in those languages of Scandinavia; by the digraphs and (using the ligature) in French; and by in several languages, including the North Germanic languages Swedish and Icelandic, and the Finno-Ugric languages Estonian and Finnish. The symbol is commonly referred to as a "slashed o" in English.
For the close-mid front rounded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol , see near-close front rounded vowel. If the usual symbol is , the vowel is listed here.
Close-mid front compressed vowel
The close-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as , which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated diacritic for compression in the IPA. However, the compression of the lips can be shown with the letter as (simultaneous and labial compression) or ( modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic may also be used with a rounded vowel letter as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.
For the close-mid front compressed vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol , see near-close front compressed vowel. If the usual symbol is , the vowel is listed here.
Features
Occurrence
Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asturian | Some Western dialects | fuöra | 'outside' | ||||||||
| Cabrales (East) | ḥuöra | 'outside' | Realization of in the diphthong . May also be realized as or . | ||||||||
| Bavarian | Traunmüller | 1982}}, cited in | |||||||||
| Northern | Allophone of before . | ||||||||||
| Breton | eur | 'hour' | |||||||||
| Chechen | оьпа / öpa | 'hamster' | |||||||||
| Danish | Standard | købe | 'buy' | ||||||||
| Djeoromitxi | 'man' | ||||||||||
| Dutch | Standard Belgian | neus | 'nose' | ||||||||
| Many accents | Present in many Eastern and Southern varieties. See Dutch phonology | ||||||||||
| English | Broad New Zealand | *bird* | 'bird' | ||||||||
| Cardiff | Lower in other southern Welsh accents. It corresponds to mid central unrounded in other Welsh accents and in RP. | ||||||||||
| Port Talbot | |||||||||||
| Geordie | Can be mid central unrounded instead. | ||||||||||
| South African | Used in General and Broad accents; may be mid instead. In the Cultivated variety, it is realized as mid central unrounded . See South African English phonology | ||||||||||
| Estonian | töö | 'work' | See Estonian phonology | ||||||||
| Faroese | Suðuroy dialect | bygdin | 'bridges' | ||||||||
| French | peu | 'few' | See French phonology | ||||||||
| German | Standard | schön | 'beautiful' | ||||||||
| Southern accents | Hölle | 'hell' | Common realization of in Southern Germany, Switzerland and Austria. See Standard German phonology | ||||||||
| Hungarian | nő | 'woman' | See Hungarian phonology | ||||||||
| Iaai | møøk | 'to close eyes' | |||||||||
| Kurdish | Palewani (Southern) | سۆر/sör | 'wedding' | ||||||||
| Lemerig | lēlqön̄ | 'forget' | |||||||||
| Limburgish | Most dialects | beuk | 'beech' | ||||||||
| Lombard | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-e8pCgAAQBAJ | title=Vowel Length from Latin to Romance | last=Loporcaro | first=Michele | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2015 | isbn=978-0-19-965655-4 | pages=93–96}} | nöf / noeuv | 'new' | |
| Low German | sön / zeun | 'son' | May be realized as a narrow closing diphthong in certain dialects. | ||||||||
| Löyöp | nö‑qöy | 'place haunted by spirits' | |||||||||
| Luxembourgish | blöd | 'stupid' | Occurs only in loanwords. See Luxembourgish phonology | ||||||||
| Portuguese | Micaelense | boi | 'ox' | ||||||||
| Some European speakers | dou | 'I give' | |||||||||
| Ripuarian | Cologne | *Mösch* | 'sparrow' | ||||||||
| Saterland Frisian | Göäte | 'gutter' | Typically transcribed in IPA with . Phonetically, it is nearly identical to (). The vowel typically transcribed in IPA with is actually near-close . | ||||||||
| Wariʼ | camö | 'capybara' | Rare; for some speakers, it is evolving into in open syllables and in closed ones. | ||||||||
| West Frisian | Hindeloopers | beuch | |||||||||
| Wu | Shanghainese | 安 / oe | 'safety' |
Close-mid front protruded vowel
Catford notes that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as the Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One of them, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close near-front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).
As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, , will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is or (a close-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but that could be misread as a diphthong.
For the close-mid front protruded vowel that is usually transcribed with the symbol , see near-close front protruded vowel. If the usual symbol is , the vowel is listed here.
Acoustically, the sound is in between the more typical compressed close-mid front vowel and the unrounded close-mid front vowel .
Features
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian | søt | 'sweet' | The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as central . See Norwegian phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard | dö | 'to die' |
Notes
References
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- {{citation |doi-access=free
- {{citation |editor-last1=Coupland |editor-first1=Nikolas |editor-last2=Thomas |editor-first2=Alan Richard
- {{citation |orig-year=First published 1981
- {{citation |orig-year=First published 2003
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- {{citation |orig-year=First published 1962
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References
- {{Vowel terminology
- García, Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena. (2015-09-01). "Na frontera del asturllionés y el gallegoportugués: descripción y exame horiométricu de la fala de Fernidiellu (Forniella, Llión). Parte primera: fonética". Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana.
- {{Harvcoltxt. Traunmüller. 1982, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. Maddieson. 1996
- {{Harvcoltxt. Basbøll. Wagner. 1985. Basbøll. 2005
- {{Harvcoltxt. Peterson. 2000, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Árnason. 2011
- [[#shadows. François (2013)]], p. 207.
- Loporcaro, Michele. (2015). "Vowel Length from Latin to Romance". Oxford University Press.
- [[#shadows. François (2013)]], p. 226.
- [http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/signum/article/viewFile/3758/3020 Variação Linguística no Português Europeu: O Caso do Português dos Açores] {{in lang. pt
- [http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e outros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP] {{in lang. pt
- While {{Harvcoltxt. Vanvik. 1979 does not describe the exact type of rounding of this vowel, some other sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt. Haugen. 1974
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