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Close front unrounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨i⟩ in IPA
Vowel sound represented by ⟨i⟩ in IPA
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ipa symbol | i |
| ipa number | 301 |
| decimal | 105 |
| x-sampa | i |
| braille | i |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x0069.svg |
|x-sampa=i
The close front unrounded vowel, or high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol i. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word meet—and often called long-e in American English. Although in English this sound has additional length (usually being represented as ) and is not normally pronounced as a pure vowel (it is a slight diphthong), some dialects have been reported to pronounce the phoneme as a pure sound. A pure sound is also heard in many other languages, such as French, in words like chic.
The close front unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the palatal approximant . They alternate with each other in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, with the non-syllabic diacritic and are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.
Languages that use the Latin script commonly use the letter to represent this sound, though there are some exceptions: in English orthography that letter is usually associated with (as in bite) or (as in bit), and is more commonly represented by , , , or , as in the words scene, bean, meet, niece, conceive; (see Great Vowel Shift). Irish orthography reflects both etymology and whether preceding consonants are broad or slender, so such combinations as , , and all represent .
Features
|File:IPA i Sagittal Section.svg|Sagittal section of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound . Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound. |File:Spectrogram of close front unrounded vowel (IPA i).png |Spectrogram of
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | dief | 'thief' | See Afrikaans phonology | |
| Arabic | Standard | دين / ar | 'religion' | |
| Bengali | দিন | 'day' | See Bengali phonology | |
| Catalan | si | 'if' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Mandarin | 七 / cmn | 'seven' | |
| Chuvash | ҫип | 'thread' | ||
| Czech | bílý | 'white' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch | biet | 'beet' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Most dialects | *free* | 'free' | |
| Australian | *bit* | 'bit' | Also described as near-close front . See Australian English phonology | |
| French | fini | 'finished' | See French phonology | |
| German | Ziel | 'goal' | See Standard German phonology | |
| Greek | Modern Standard | κήπος / el | 'garden' | |
| Hebrew | Modern Standard | חשיבה | 'thinking' | |
| Hindustani | Hindi | ज़िंदगी(zindagi) | 'life' | |
| Urdu | زندگی(zindagi) | |||
| Hungarian | ív | 'arch' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian | bile | 'bile' | See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese | 銀 / ja | 'silver' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Khmer | លទ្ធិ / km | 'doctrine' | See Khmer phonology | |
| Korean | 아이 / ko | 'child' | See Korean phonology | |
| Kurdish | Kurmanji (Northern) | şîr | 'milk' | |
| Sorani (Central) | شیر / ku | |||
| Palewani (Southern) | ||||
| Lithuanian | vyras | 'man' | See Lithuanian orthography | |
| Malay | Malaysian Malay | ikut | 'to follow' | |
| Malayalam | ഇല | 'leaf' | See Malayalam phonology | |
| Mpade | fli | 'monkey' | ||
| Polish | miś | 'teddy bear' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese | fino | 'thin' | Also occurs as an unstressed allophone of other vowels. May be represented by . See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian | insulă | 'island' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Rungus | rikot | 'to come' | ||
| Russian | лист / ru | 'leaf' | Only occurs word-initially or after palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | виле / vile | 'hayfork' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Spanish | tipo | 'type' | May also be represented by . See Spanish phonology | |
| Sotho | ho bitsa | 'to call' | Contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels. See Sotho phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard | bli | 'become' | |
| Tagalog | ibon | 'bird' | ||
| Thai | กริช / th | 'dagger' | ||
| Turkish | ip | 'rope' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | місто / uk | 'city, town' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Welsh | es i | 'I went' | See Welsh phonology | |
| Yoruba | síbí | 'spoon' |
Notes
References
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References
- {{Vowel terminology
- Maddox, Maeve. (18 September 2007). "DailyWritingTips: The Six Spellings of "Long E"".
- (2006). "The Atlas of North American English". Mouton-de Gruyter.
- Forschner, T. A.. (December 1994). "Outline of A Momogun Grammar (Rungus Dialect)".
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