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Close back unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɯ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɯ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	ɯ
ipa number	316
decimal	623
x-sampa	M
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x026F.svg
braille	256
braille2	u

| x-sampa = M

The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . Typographically, it is a turned letter .

The close back unrounded vowel can in many cases be considered the vocalic equivalent of the voiced velar approximant .

Features

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Acehnese	eu		'see'	Also described as closer to .
Arara	îput		'my skin'	Frequent realisation of .
Arbëresh	Arbëreshë		'Arbëreshë'	in standard Albanian.
Azerbaijani	bahalı / باهالیٛ		'expensive'	Closer to an .
Bashkir	ҡыҙ / قىُث / qıđ		'girl'
Chinese	Mandarin	刺 / cmn		'thorn'
Wuhan dialect, Southwestern Mandarin	去 / cmn		'to go'
Some Wu dialects	父 / wuu		'father'
Xiang	火 / hsn		'fire'
Chuvash	ыхра / cv		'garlic'
Crimean Tatar	джаным / crh		'my dear'
English	Some California speakers	goose		'goose'
New Zealand	treacle		'treacle'	Possible realization of the unstressed vowel , which is variable in rounding and ranges from central to (more often) back and close to close-mid. Corresponds to in other accents. Develops from dark L; See New Zealand English phonology
Some Philadelphia speakers	plus		'plus'	Used by some speakers; the exact height and backness is variable. It corresponds to in other accents. See English phonology
South African	pill		'pill'	Near-close; possible allophone of before the velarised allophone of . See South African English phonology
Eastern Khanty	Vakh-Vasyugan	пӛӈк		'hazel grouse'
Estonian	kõrv		'ear'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ; can be close-mid central or close-mid back instead, depending on the speaker. See Estonian phonology
Irish	Ulster	caol		'narrow'
Japanese	空気 / ja		'air'	May be compressed . See Japanese phonology
Katukina			'oscar (fish)'
Kazakh	қыс / qys / قىس		'winter'	May be pronounced as
Korean	음식 飮食 / ko		'food'	See Korean phonology
Kurdish	Kurmanji (Northern)	tirş		'sour'
Sorani (Central)	ترش / ku
Kyrgyz	кыз / قىز / ky		'girl'	See Kyrgyz phonology
Minangkabau	Some speakers	mandudu		'to push ahead'
Panará			'to breathe'
Romanian	Some speakers	când		'when'
Scottish Gaelic	caol		'thin'	See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Sop	düm		'tree'	See Sop language
Tamil	அழகு / ta		'beauty'	Normally elsewhere.
Thai	Standard	ขึ้น / th		'to go up'
Turkish	sığ		'shallow'	Described variously as close back , near-close near-back and close central . See Turkish phonology
Turkmen	ýaşyl / یاشیٛل		'green'
Uyghur	تىلىم / ug		'my language'	In complementary distribution with . See Uyghur phonology
Vietnamese	tư		'fourth'	See Vietnamese phonology

Notes

References

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{{citation |editor-last=Schneider |editor-first=Edgar W. |editor2-last=Burridge |editor2-first=Kate |editor3-last=Kortmann |editor3-first=Bernd |editor4-last=Mesthrie |editor4-first=Rajend |editor5-last=Upton |editor5-first=Clive
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{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf |access-date=2015-11-20 |archive-date=2018-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111322/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf |url-status=dead

References

{{Vowel terminology
Durie, Mark. (1990). "Proto-Chamic and Acehnese Mid Vowels: Towards Proto-Aceh-Chamic". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
Asyik, Abdul Gani. "The Agreement System in Acehnese". [[Mon-Khmer Studies]].
Al-Harbi, Awwad Ahmad Al-Ahmadi. (January 2003). "Acehnese Coda Condition: An Optimality-Theoretic Account". Umm Al-Qura University Journal of Educational and Social Sciences and Humanities.
Warren, Paul. "NZE Phonology". Victoria University of Wellington.
(2016). "Диалекты хантыйского языка.".
{{Harvcoltxt. Göksel. Kerslake. 2005
{{Harvcoltxt. Kiliç. Öğüt. 2004
{{Harvcoltxt. Zimmer. Orgun. 1999

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

close-vowels back-vowels unrounded-vowels

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