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Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland

German physician and naturopath

Field	Value
name	Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
image	Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland.jpg
image_size	225px
caption	Engraving by Johann Friedrich Müller, after a painting by J. F. A. Tischbein (1802)
birth_date	12 August 1762
birth_place	Langensalza
death_date	25 August 1836
death_place	Berlin
occupation	Physician, naturopath, writer

Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich Hufeland (12 August 1762 – 25 August 1836) was a German physician, naturopath and writer. Considered one of the most eminent practical physicians of his time in Germany, he authored numerous works displaying extensive reading and a cultivated critical faculty.

Biography

Hufeland was born at Langensalza, Saxony (now Thuringia) and educated at Weimar, where his father held the office of court physician to the grand duchess. In 1780 he entered the University of Jena, and in the following year went on to Göttingen, where in 1783 he graduated in medicine.

After assisting his father for some years at Weimar, he was called in 1793 to the chair of medicine at Jena, receiving at the same time the positions of court physician and professor of pathology at Weimar. During this time, he began a substantive correspondence with Immanuel Kant. In 1798 Frederick William III of Prussia granted him the position director of the medical college and generally of state medical affairs at the Charité, in Berlin. He filled the chair of pathology and therapeutics in the University of Berlin, founded in 1809, and in 1810 became councillor of state. In 1823, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

In time he became as famous as Goethe, Herder, Schiller, and Wieland in his homeland.

Hufeland was a close friend of Samuel Hahnemann and published his original writings in his journal in 1796. He also "joined the Illuminati order at this time, having been introduced to freemasonry in Göttingen in 1783." He also seems to have professed an interest in Chinese Alchemy and methods of extending longevity.

The most widely known of his many writings is the treatise entitled Makrobiotik oder Die Kunst, das menschliche Leben zu verlängern (1796), which was translated into many languages, including in Serbian by Jovan Stejić in Vienna in 1828. Of his practical works, the System of Practical Medicine (System der praktischen Heilkunde, 1818–1828) is the most elaborate. From 1795 to 1835, he published a Journal der praktischen Arznei und Wundarzneikunde. His autobiography was published in 1863.

Hufeland died on 25 August 1836, in Berlin.

Naturopathy

Hufeland was an early supporter of naturopathic medicine who posited the existence of a vitalistic "life force", which he believed could be maintained through behavioral and dietary practices. Hufeland was influenced by Hippocrates and promoted what he termed "natural therapeutics" (naturtherapeutik). He supported the use of homeopathy.

The term macrobiotics was used by Hufeland in his book Macrobiotics: The Art of Prolonging Life, that was translated into English in 1797. The book endorsed a program for good health and prolonging life. Hufeland recommended a vegetarian diet. Goethe and his wife took interest in the book. His German disciples gave his dieting and health ideas the name of the Hufelandist movement.

George Ohsawa, founder of the macrobiotic diet based on yin and yang foods, was influenced by Hufeland.

Marriage and issue

He first married Juliane Amelung (1771–1845) and married for the second time to Elisabeth Helene Troschel (1777–1862). From his first marriage he had:

Elwira Laura (born in 1799), married to Karl Wilhelm von Becherer
Rosalia (born in 1801), married her cousin August Wilhelm Adolph Hufeland
Elisabeth, married Prince Alexandru Sturdza, scion of the reigning Princes of Moldavia. Through their son Prince Nicolae Sturdza (died in 1832) Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland is great-great-grandfather of Queen Natalie of Serbia and great-great-great-grandfather of King Alexander I of Serbia.

Bibliography

Works

Enchiridion medicum oder Anleitung zur medizinischen Praxis: Vermächtniß einer Fünfzigjährigen Erfahrung. Sechste Auflage. Jonas Verlagsbuchhandlung. Berlin,
Medizinischer Nutzen der elektrischen Kraft beim Scheintod, Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, 1. Reprintauflage 1783/2008,
Vollständige Darstellung der medicinischen Kräfte und des Gebrauchs der salzsauren Schwererde . Rottmann, Berlin 1794 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Die Kunst, das menschliche Leben zu verlängern . (Volume1/2) Haas, Wien 1798 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Armen-Pharmakopöe, entworfen für Berlin nebst der Nachricht von der daselbst errichteten Krankenanstalt für Arme in ihren Wohnungen . Realschulbuchhandlung, Berlin 3. Aufl. 1818 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Conspectus Materiae medicae secundum Ordines naturales in Usum Auditorium . Dümmler, Berolini Editio altera aucta 1820 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Armen-Pharmakopöe . Reimer, Berlin 4. Aufl. 1825 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Armen-Pharmakopöe : Zugleich eine Auswahl bewährter Arzneimittel und Arzneiformeln . Reimer, Berlin 7.Aufl. 1832 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Makrobiotik oder Die Kunst das menschliche Leben zu verlängern, Stuttgart: A.F. Macklot, 1826.
Aphorismen und Denksprüche, Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, 1. Reprintauflage 1910/2009,
Bibliothek der practischen Heilkunde Veröffentlicht in der academischen Buchhandlung, 1802. Notizen: v. 6 Digitised on Google Books
Hufeland's Art of Prolonging Life, edited by William James Erasmus Wilson, 1854.

Studies

Helmut Busse: Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, Blaeschke Verlag, St. Michael, Austria, 1982
Klaus Pfeifer: Medizin der Goethezeit – Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland und die Heilkunst des 18. Jahrhunderts, Verlag Böhlau, Cologne, 2000,
Günther Hufeland: Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland (1762–1836), Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, 2002,
Wolfgang U. Eckart: Geschichte der Medizin, Heidelberg 2005

Notes

References

Mehdipour, Parvin. (2017). ''Cancer Genetics and Psychotherapy''. Springer. p. 942. {{ISBN. 978-3-319-64548-3
"Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich Hufeland (1762–1836)".
[https://books.google.com/books?id=1NllD8F_dfcC&dq=hufeland+alchemy&pg=PA158 G J Gruman, ''A History of Ideas about Prolongation of Life,'' Springer Publishing, 2005, p.158]
Raso, Jack. (1993). ''Mystical Diets: Paranormal, Spiritual, and Occult Nutrition Practices''. Prometheus Books. p. 30. {{ISBN. 0-87975-761-2
Wellmon, Chad. (2010). ''Becoming Human: Romantic Anthropology and the Embodiment of Freedom''. Pennsylvania State University. p. 49. {{ISBN. 978-0-271-03734-9
Weinrich, Harald. (2008). ''On Borrowed Time: The Art and Economy of Living with Deadlines''. University of Chicago Press. pp. 30–33. {{ISBN. 978-0-226-88601-5
Kushi ''et al''. (2001). ''The Macrobiotic Diet in Cancer''. ''[[The Journal of Nutrition]]'' 131 (11): 3056S–3064S.
Heelas, Paul. (2008). ''Spiritualities of Life: New Age Romanticism and Consumptive Capitalism''. Wiley. p. 43. {{ISBN. 978-1405139380
Bergdolt, Klaus. (2008). ''Wellbeing: A Cultural History of Healthy Living''. Polity Press. pp. 253–254. {{ISBN. 978-07456-2913-1
Williams, Howard. (1883). ''The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh-Eating''. London: F. Pitman. p. 184.
Freeman, Joseph T. (1979). ''Aging: Its History and Literature''. Human Science Press. p. 71. {{ISBN. 978-0877052517
Boyle, Joan M; Morriss, James E. (1987). ''The Mirror of Time: Images of Aging and Dying''. Greenwood Press. p. 108. {{ISBN. 978-0313255977
Friedhelm Kirchfeld, Wade Boyle. (1994). ''Nature Doctors: Pioneers in Naturopathic Medicine''. Medicina Biológica. p. 7. {{ISBN. 0-9623518-5-7

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1762-births 1836-deaths 19th-century-german-physicians 18th-century-german-physicians german-vegetarianism-activists academic-staff-of-the-humboldt-university-of-berlin physicians-of-the-charité macrobiotic-diet-advocates members-of-the-prussian-academy-of-sciences members-of-the-royal-swedish-academy-of-sciences naturopaths people-from-bad-langensalza scientists-from-the-electorate-of-saxony scientists-from-the-kingdom-of-saxony university-of-jena-alumni academic-staff-of-the-university-of-jena university-of-göttingen-alumni vitalists recipients-of-the-cothenius-medal

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