Christian Democratic Party (Norway)

History

The Christian Democratic Party was founded as a reaction to the growing secularism in Norway in the 1930s. Cultural and spiritual values were proposed as an alternative to political parties focusing on material values. The immediate cause of its foundation was the failure of Nils Lavik, a popular figure in the religious community, to be nominated as a candidate for the Liberal Party, for the parliamentary elections in 1933. In reaction to this, Kristelig Folkeparti was set up, with Lavik as their top candidate in the county of Hordaland. He succeeded in being elected to Stortinget, the Norwegian parliament. No other counties were contested. At the next elections, in 1936, the party also ran a common list with the Liberal Party in Bergen, and succeeded in electing two representatives from Hordaland with 20.9% of the local votes. In 1945, at the first elections after the Nazi occupation of Norway, the party was organised on a nationwide basis, and won 8 seats.

The Christian Democrats became part of a short-lived non-socialist coalition government along with the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the Centre Party in 1963. At the elections of 1965, these four parties won a majority of seats in Stortinget and ruled in a coalition government from 1965 to 1971.

The Christian Democrats opposed Norwegian membership in the European Community ahead of the referendum in 1972. The referendum gave a no-vote, and when the pro-EC Labour government resigned, a coalition government was formed among the anti-EC parties, the Christian Democrats, the Liberal Party and the Centre Party. Lars Korvald became the Christian Democrats' first prime minister for a year, until the elections of 1973 restored the Labour government.

The party's historic membership numbers peaked with 69,000 members in 1980.

The 1981 elections left the non-socialists with a majority in parliament, but negotiations for a coalition government failed because of disagreement over the abortion issue. However, this issue was later toned down, and from 1983 to 1986 and 1989 to 1990, the Christian Democrats were part of coalitions with the Conservative Party and the Centre Party.

In 1997, the Christian Democrats received 13.7% of the votes, and got 25 seats in the Storting. Kjell Magne Bondevik served as prime minister between 1997 and 2000, in coalition with the Liberal Party and the Centre Party, and then between 2001 and 2005 with the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party.

In the 2005 election, the Christian Democrats received only 6.8%, and the party became part of the opposition in the Storting. In 2013, the Conservative Party and the Progress Party formed a new government based on a political agreement with the Christian Democrats and the Liberal party with confidence and supply. In the 2017 election, the party got only 4.2% and did not sign a new agreement, but got a politically strategic position as the conservative minority government mainly depended on their votes to get a majority.

In late 2018, the Christian Democrats were split over the question of a potential government participation and the future direction of the party. At a party meeting in early November 2018, the delegates were asked whether to stay in opposition or to join either a "red" or a "blue" government coalition with party leader Knut Arild Hareide favouring a centre-left government with Labour and Centre parties, and deputy leaders Olaug Bollestad and Kjell Ingolf Ropstad wanting to join the existing right-leaning cabinet of Erna Solberg. The delegates decided with a narrow majority of eight votes to join the existing Solberg's Cabinet with Conservatives, Liberals and the Progress Party. In January 2019, after successful negotiations with the coalition parties the Christian Democrats eventually joined the government and Hareide resigned as party leader. In April 2019, 33-year-old Minister of Children and Family Kjell Ingolf Ropstad was elected new party leader.

The Christian Democrats failed to pass the 4% election threshold for leveling seats in the 2021 election and won only three seats in parliament. The party leader Ropstad, facing controversy over his use of a parliamentary commuter home, resigned from the cabinet and as party leader on 24 September and Olaug Bollestad assumed leadership of the party. In 2024, Dag Inge Ulstein assumed leadership of the party, and the party more than doubled their representation in the Storting to seven in the 2025 elections.

Ideology

The Christian Democratic Party has been described as a centrist and centre-right The party holds European Christian democratic positions, including family values and social conservatism. political party. While founded on the basis of advocating moral-cultural Christian issues, the party has broadened or shrunk its political profile over time, while still maintaining right-wing positions.

Religion

As a party centred on Christian values, the party draws support from the Christian population. Their policies that support Christian values and oppose same-sex marriage appeal to the more conservative, religious base.

Geographically, the Christian Democrats enjoy their strongest support in the so-called Bible Belt, especially Southern Norway. In the 2005 elections, their best results were in Vest-Agder with 18.9% of the vote, compared to a national average of 6.8%.

Since the party was established, a declaration of Christian faith had been required for a person to be a representative in the party. Membership had no such requirement. The increase of support for the party from other religious groups, such as Muslims, stimulated efforts to abolish this rule. At the 2013 convention the rule was modified. The new rules require that representatives work for Christian values but do not require them to declare a Christian faith. This latter point was considered the "last drop" for some conservative elements of the party, who as a result broke away and founded The Christians Party. It has been claimed that KrF have lost votes to the Christians.

Social values

The Christian Democratic Party is generally socially conservative.

The party opposes euthanasia and abortion, except in cases of rape or when the mother's life is at risk. The party supports accessibility to contraception as a way of lowering abortion rates.

KrF wishes to ban the use of human foetuses in research and has expressed scepticism of proposals to liberalise biotechnology laws in Norway. Bondevik's second government made the biotechnology laws of Norway among the strictest in the world, with support from the Socialist Left Party and the Centre Party, but a 2004 case involving a child with thalassemia brought the laws under fire.

LGBT rights

On LGBT issues, the party supports permitting same-sex couples to live together but opposes same-sex marriage and adoption rights. The party has criticized the Polish government's policy towards LGBT people, and supported the Norwegian government's decision to withdraw financial support to Polish municipalities that have declared themselves as LGBT-free zones. The party's leader at the time, Kjell Ingolf Ropstad, stated: "To not be discriminated against because of one's sexual orientation is a fundamental human right. Therefore, it is important that the government now is clear about the terms of receiving financial support through the EEA funds. We want to support a policy that protects diversity and freedom." The party maintains neutrality on the issue of gay clergy, calling that an issue for the Church. As of 2024, the party promotes anti-gender and anti-trans rhetoric, attacking what they refer to as "gender ideology."

Foreign policy

In foreign policy, the party marks itself as a supporter of NATO and the European Economic Area (EEA) but they oppose Norwegian membership in the European Union (EU). The party supports Norway's signature and ratification of the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and want stricter rules for Norwegian arms sales abroad. The party is supportive of Israel and Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Development aid

Since the turn of the millennium, the Christian Democratic Party has had a major influence on development aid policy in Norway. The first Minister of International Development was Reidun Brusletten (KrF) in 1983. Hilde Frafjord Johnson held the position from 1997 to 2000 and again from 2001 to 2005, during Bondevik's First and Second Cabinet.

Dag Inge Ulstein, the third Christian Democrat to hold the position, addressed the need to take care of vulnerable minorities in foreign policy and by the use of humanitarian aid. He described these group as: women, children, people with disabilities and sexual and religious minorities.

The Christian Democratic Party is a strong supporter of increased development aid and more cooperation with developing countries. They want 1 percent of the GNI to be spent on development aid, and a larger share of the sum to be spent on poverty reduction and climate change adaptation.

COVID-19

Ulstein has played a prominent role in the global handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on fair distribution of vaccines to poor and middle income countries. As Minister of International Development, he has been the governments spokesperson regarding Norway's contribution in the global fight against COVID-19, which involves the contribution of 2.2 billion Norwegian kroner to vaccine development through CEPI, in March 2020, and Norway's entry in the global vaccine cooperation COVAX in August 2020, as one of the first European countries.

In March 2021, it became clear that the Norwegian government had donated 700,000 vaccine doses to low income countries in February the previous year. This created big reactions from other parties, who thought Norway instead should have given the doses to the Norwegian population. The Christian Democratic Party received a lot of criticism, from among others, the leaders of the Progress Party and the Centre Party, Sylvi Listhaug and Trygve Slagsvold Vedum, respectively. Party leader, Kjell Ingolf Ropstad, condemned the criticism and stated: "The last thing the world needs now is more egoism and competition between countries. Instead we need to help each other. We will not succeed in the fight against COVID-19 if we only say "Norway first".

Immigration and refugees

On questions surrounding immigration, integration and refugee policy, the party has a liberal stance. The Christian Democratic Party wants to base Norway's intake of refugees on the UN High Commissioner for Refugees' recommendations. In 2021, they announced that they want Norway to take in 5,000 refugees annually, plus 500 extra from the Moria refugee camp on Lesbos, Greece.

They have also criticized what they believe is an unfair distribution of refugees fleeing the Syrian civil war due to the fact that Syria's neighbouring countries (Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon) have received a higher number of refugees than many European countries. Therefore, they want Norway, and western European countries at large, to retrieve a larger amount of refugees from Syria.

Climate change

The Christian Democratic Party support international climate goals and climate agreements, like the Paris agreement. They want to cut Norwegian emissions of carbon by at least 55% by 2030, compared with 1990 levels, and they aim for a climate-neutral Norway by 2050. They have addressed the need for restructuring in the Norwegian petroleum industry and want to end oil and gas exploration in new areas.

Protection of the vulnerable areas of Lofoten, Vesterålen and Senja from oil drilling, has been an important matter for the Christian Democratic Party. After the 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election, Knut Arild Hareide, party leader at the time, announced that the Christian Democratic Party would withdraw their support of Solberg's Cabinet if they opened the areas for oil drilling. When the Christian Democratic Party became part of Solberg's coalition government in January 2019, it was decided that the areas were to be protected until the next election.

At the national congress in 2021, the party proposed the creation of a Norwegian climate fund. The goal of the fund was to outcompete the use of coal power, by investing in renewable energy in developing countries. The Christian Democrats got the proposal through in the Storting, and a few months later the government decided to establish a climate fund consisting of 1.15 billion dollars. Experts estimated that the fund could result in more than 10 billion dollars in private investment in renewable energy. The deputy leader of the Norwegian environmental organisation ZERO, Dagfrid Froberg, described the fund as: "Maybe the most important Norwegian measurement in order to fight climate change."

The Christian Democratic Party wants increased funding of public transport projects outside Oslo, like the Bergen Light Rail. They want to accomplish this by making the government finance a larger share of the cost of developing local public transport systems, in order to make public transport more accessible and efficient, especially for people with disabilities.

List of party leaders

• Ingebrigt Bjørø (1933–38)
• Nils Lavik (1938–51)
• Erling Wikborg (1951–55)
• Einar Hareide (1955–67)
• Lars Korvald (1967–75)
• Kåre Kristiansen (1975–77)
• Lars Korvald (1977–79)
• Kåre Kristiansen (1979–83)
• Kjell Magne Bondevik (1983–95)
• Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (1995–2004)
• Dagfinn Høybråten (2004–11)
• Knut Arild Hareide (2011–19)
• Kjell Ingolf Ropstad (2019–21)
• Olaug Bollestad (2021–24)
• Dag Inge Ulstein (2024–)

Notable people

• Harald Sødal (born 1938), Norwegian politician

Election results

Storting

Local elections

Notes

References

References

1. Ertesvåg, Frank. (2023-04-21). "Er blitt et gamlis- og miniparti – Ida (30) vil fornye KrF-familien".
2. (1985). "Kristelig folkepartis historie 1933-1983". Valo.
3. Hove, Odd Sverre. (1972). "Kristen-demokratene". Valo forlag.
4. Hove, Odd Sverre. (1972). "Kristen-demokratene". Valo forlag.
5. "Ta vare på livet - KRF-sangen".
6. Hans Slomp. (2011). "Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics". ABC-CLIO.
7. Nordsieck, Wolfram. (2017). "Norway".
8. Oyvind Osterud. (2013). "Norway in Transition: Transforming a Stable Democracy". Routledge.
9. T. Banchoff. (28 June 1999). "Legitimacy and the European Union". Taylor & Francis.
10. (22 August 2024). "Olaug Bollestad trekker seg som KrF-leder".
11. Gjerde, Robert. (15 February 2010). "Nestleder vil skrote KrFs Israel-politikk". Aftenposten.
12. [http://www.nrk.no/sorlandet/eriksen_-_-vi-er-ein-offensiv-gjeng-1.7613548 "Eriksen: – Vi er ein offensiv gjeng"]. ''NRK''. 30.04.2011. "Den nye leiartrioen skal føre Krf gjennom ei fornyingsfase fram mot stortingsvalet i 2013. Eriksen har leia partiet sitt strategiutval og står bak ei rekkje forslag som vil trekkje KrF i meir liberal retning."
13. [http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/krf/krf-hareide-ja-jeg-har-faatt-meg-kjaereste/a/10084741/ "KrF-Hareide: - Ja, jeg har fått meg kjæreste"]. ''VG''. 26.04.2011.
14. "Dropper å gå i regjering – satser på miljø".
15. "Knallhardt oppgjør med Ropstad og Bollestad i ny bok fra Hareide-rådgiver". Aftenposten.
16. [http://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_ix_107.pdf NORGES OFFISIELLE STATISTIKK IX. 107.], "Official statistics IX.107 of Norway"
17. Røed, Lars-Ludvig. (7 January 2009). "Lengre mellom partimedlemmene i dag". Aftenposten.
18. "National Archival Services of Norway".
19. (2 November 2018). "Drama på KRF-landsmøtet: Hareide tapte og Erna Solberg får fortsette som statsminister".
20. (17 January 2019). "Knut Arild Hareide går av som KRF-leder".
21. (27 April 2019). "Kjell Ingolf Ropstad valgt som ny leder i KRF".
22. (13 September 2021). "KrF under sperregrensen: – Vi vil kjempe i opposisjon". NRK.
23. (24 September 2020). "Nå har Ropstad gitt fra seg fra seg partiklubben".
24. Brekke, Anja A. T.. (25 January 2025). "Valgt som KrF-leder: –⁠ Vi kommer til å overraske". [[Verdens Gang]].
25. "Election 2025: What the first results look like". NRK.
26. (25 August 2025). "sentrumspartier".
27. Allern, Elin Haugsgjerd. (2010). "Political Parties and Interest Groups in Norway". ECPR Press.
28. (2004). "Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War". Leuven University Press.
29. (2002). "Western Europe 2003". Europa Publications.
30. (2013). "Between-Election Democracy: The Representative Relationship After Election Day". ECPR Press.
31. Bergqvist, Christina. (1999). "Equal Democracies?: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries". Nordic Council of Ministers.
32. "Coalition Governments in Western Europe". Oxford University Press.
33. (2016). "Social Rights in the Welfare State: Origins and Transformations". Taylor & Francis.
34. (2017). "The Statesman's Yearbook 2017: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World". Palgrave Macmillan.
35. "Appendix A3: Political Parties". European Social Survey.
36. "Norway".
37. [https://www.thelocal.no/20170829/election-2017-whos-who-in-norwegian-politics Election 2017: Who's who in Norwegian politics?] The Local (Norway edition). Author - Michael Barrett. Published 29 August 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
38. (20 March 2018). "Norway's government could fall as majority seek ouster of Sylvi Listhaug". The Local.
39. "Norway: Political parties at a glance".
40. Milne, Richard. (19 November 2021). "Norway political scandal escalates as top politician resigns". The Financial Times.
41. Fondenes, Eivind. (September 1, 2009). "- Høybråten tjener på homo-motstand". TV2 nyhetene.
42. (September 2010). "Stortingsvalet 2005. Godkjende røyster, etter parti/valliste og kommune. Prosent". Statistisk sentralbyrå.
43. Archer, Else Karine. (August 14, 2009). "Tror på Allah, stemmesanker for KrF". NRK.
44. Sporstøl, Ellen. (May 2, 2009). "Høybråten ønsker seg muslimer". TV2 nyhetene.
45. Grøttum, Eva-Therese. "Nå har KrF droppet kristenkravet". Dagbladet.
46. (9 April 2020). "Partiet de Kristne".
47. "Hvorfor kristenfolket vinner - om de taper KrF (Why Christian people win - if they lose the Christian Democratic Party)". IDAG.
48. "Norway - Political parties". [[Norwegian Social Science Data Services]].
49. link. (2009-02-26 (KrF.no) {{in lang). no
50. link. (2009-02-25 (KrF.no) {{in lang). no
51. [http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article928888.ece Mehmet gets stem-cell dispensation] {{Webarchive. link. (2008-09-21 Aftenposten, December 10, 2004)
52. [http://www.vg.no/nyheter/meninger/artikkel.php?artid=107055 Stillheten etter Mehmet] (The quiet after Mehmet) VG, September 1, 2005
53. (23 September 2020). "Norge struper pengehjelp til "LHBT-frie soner" i Polen".
54. link. (2009-02-25 (KrF.no) {{in lang). no
55. "KrF-lederen vil ha kjønnsidentitet ut av skolen: – Det avviker fra medisin og biologi". Aftenposten.
56. "KrF vil gjøre seg fet på transdebatt". Aftenposten.
57. (30 April 2021). "Bondevik med flammende innlegg. Nå går også KrF imot regjeringens standpunkt.".
58. (28 May 2024). "Støtter fortsatt Israel.".
59. (27 February 2022). "KrF: Det må gjøres mer for Ukraina.".
60. Skjeseth, Heidi Taksdal. (16 February 2019). "KrF-statsråd vil gå først i homokampen".
61. (19 March 2021). "Norge takket nei til nesten 700.000 vaksinedoser".
62. (26 March 2020). "Erna Solberg: - Gir 2,2 milliarder til vaksine".
63. (31 August 2020). "Norge med i internasjonalt samarbeid – sikrer tilgang til flere coronavaksiner".
64. Speed, Jan. (12 March 2021). "Norge har gitt bort 700000 vaksinedoser til fattige land".
65. (6 January 2021). "Venstre og KrF slår hardt tilbake etter Vedums vaksinekrav: – Usolidarisk".
66. (2021-04-30). "KrF vil ta imot 5.000 kvoteflyktninger og 500 fra Moria-leiren".
67. "These 10 countries receive the most refugees".
68. "Flyktninger".
69. (2021-01-08). "Et historisk taktskifte i norsk klimapolitikk".
70. (May 2021). "KrF sa nei til oljeleting i nye områder".
71. (2017-09-12). "Truer med å felle Erna hvis hun rører disse fem sakene".
72. (17 January 2019). "Stemmedrama i KrF: Inn i regjering med to knappe stemmers overvekt".
73. (30 April 2021). "KrF ønsker milliardfond for å stanse kullkraft – og mindre til tropisk regnskog".
74. (7 July 2021). "Regjeringen vil spytte inn 10 milliarder i nytt grønt fond".
75. (7 July 2021). "Regjeringen setter 10 milliarder i nytt klimafond: – Milepæl i norsk bistandshistorie".
76. Otterlei, Simen Sundfjord. (2016-11-19). "Hareide vil kjempe for mer penger til Bybanen".
77. "Tabell 25.3 Stortingsvalg. Godkjente stemmer etter parti1. Prosent".