Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford

History

The cathedral was originally the church of St Frideswide's Priory. The site was historically presumed to be the location of the nunnery founded by St Frideswide, the patron saint of Oxford, and the shrine is now in the Latin Chapel; originally containing relics translated at the rebuilding in 1180, it was the focus of pilgrimage from at least the 12th until the early 16th century.

In 1522, the priory was surrendered to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, who had selected it as the site for his proposed college. However, in 1529 the foundation was taken over by Henry VIII. Work stopped, but in June 1532 the college was refounded by the King. In 1546, Henry VIII transferred to it the recently created See of Oxford from Osney. The cathedral has the name Ecclesia Christi Cathedralis Oxoniensis, given to it by Henry VIII's foundation charter.

There has been a choir at the cathedral since 1526, when John Taverner was the organist and also master of the choristers. The statutes of Wolsey's original college, initially called Cardinal College, mentioned 16 choristers and 30 singing priests.

Christ Church Cathedral is one of the smallest cathedrals in the Church of England.

The nave, choir, main tower and transepts are late Norman. There are architectural features ranging from Norman to the Perpendicular style and a large rose window of the ten-part (i.e., botanical) type.

John Wesley and Charles Wesley, leaders of the Methodist revival, were ordained at Christ Church Cathedral when they were Anglicans.

Dean and chapter

As of October 2024:

• Dean – The Very Reverend Sarah Foot (since 1 July 2023 collation)

• Archdeacon of Oxford – The Venerable Jonathan Chaffey (since 1 May 2020 collation)

• Sub Dean – The Reverend Canon Peter Moger

• Diocesan Canon – Vacant The University's four senior theology professors are also ex officio canons residentiary and members of the Cathedral chapter:

• Regius Professor of Divinity – The Reverend Canon Andrew Paul Davison (since 2024)

• Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity – Carol Harrison (lay; since 27 April 2015 installation)

• Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology – The Revd Canon Luke Bretherton (since 25 January 2025)

• Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History – chair held concurrently by the dean, the Very Revd Sarah Foot

There are also other full-time clergy of the cathedral and college who are not formal members of the cathedral chapter, including the precentor and school chaplain, the Revd Philippa White; and the college chaplain, the Revd Kirsty Borthwick.

On 19 September 2023, the governing body of Christ Church voted to separate the ecclesiastical role of dean from the position of head of house of the college.

Music

Organ

The organ is a 43-rank, four-manual and pedal instrument built in 1979 by Austrian firm Rieger Orgelbau. It is located in the west end. In April 2024 work began to install a new organ in the east end of the church; the current chancel organ, which is rented from the charity Pipe Up For Pipe Organs, was to be removed to allow floor surveys to be undertaken.

Organists

First among the notable organists of Christ Church Cathedral is the Renaissance composer John Taverner, who was appointed as the first organist by Wolsey in 1526. Other organists (and directors of the choir) have included Basil Harwood, Thomas Armstrong, W. H. Harris, Simon Preston, Francis Grier, Nicholas Cleobury, Stephen Darlington and Steven Grahl. The post of Organist is currently held by Peter Holder. (As in many English cathedrals, the organist's primary duties are as director of the choir, with most of the organ playing delegated to the sub-organist or organ scholar.)

Choirs

The main choir, the Christ Church Cathedral Choir, is directed by Peter Holder. It consists of twelve adults (six professional "lay-clerks" and six student "academical clerks") and sixteen choristers (boys aged 7–13 from Christ Church Cathedral School). The choir was all male until 2019, when they welcomed alto Elizabeth Nurse as their first female clerk. They sing in university term time, at Christmas and Easter, and have an extensive touring and recording programme. Former choristers include the composer William Walton.

The Cathedral Singers consists of volunteers and is directed by Hilary Punnett. They are usually in residence outside of term time when the choristers and academical clerks of the main choir are on holiday.

The College Choir sings every 1–2 weeks in term time and is made up of current students and staff from the college.

In May 2019, Frideswide Voices, a local group created to provide opportunities for girls to sing for the liturgy in the chapels of Magdalen College, New College, and Christ Church, were re-founded as a permanently endowed part of the Cathedral's choral foundation. The choristers are aged 7–14 and are drawn from schools around Oxford. They sing Evensong once a week with the clerks of the Cathedral Choir, and perform alongside the boys of the Cathedral choir in certain concerts and services. Helen Smee was appointed director in 2019, taking over from founding director William Dawes.

Bells

The cathedral has a ring of 12 bells hung for full circle ringing. The tenor weighs , diameter 56 in tuned to D. It was cast in 1589 and is historically important according to the Church Buildings Council. Two other bells are also historically important, numbers 10 and 9 ( in F and in G respectively) which were both cast 1410.

As well as the bells used for ringing there are also two other bells. The litany bell of 1410 is also historically important. It weighs and sounds the note of G. but it is sounded every night.

Stained glass

The Cathedral possesses a fine collection of stained glass, the oldest being the 14th-century Becket Window in the Lucy Chapel. It is one of very few images of Thomas Becket to survive the Reformation. There are two windows by the 17th-century Dutch artist Abraham van Linge, one depicting Jonah, the other dedicated to Bishop King. The firm of Clayton and Bell created the dramatic St Michael Window in the north transept in 1870, and from the same period are five windows by Morris & Co to designs by Edward Burne-Jones.

The most recent window was unveiled in 2023, a memorial to E. H. Burn, depicting Francis of Assisi by John Reyntiens.

Notable burials

• John Bankes (1589–1644), English lawyer and politician
• George Berkeley, philosopher and Bishop of Cloyne (memorial in the nave)
• Robert Burton, author of The Anatomy of Melancholy
• Thomas Byron, Royalist officer in the First English Civil War
• John Fell, Bishop of Oxford
• Henry Gage (1593–1645) (buried in the Lucy Chapel, off the south transept)
• Richard Gardiner (1591–1670)
• Henry Liddell, father of Alice Liddell
• John Locke, buried at High Laver in Essex, has an engraved floor plaque to his memory in the church.
• Elizabeth Montacute (d. August 1354)
• Edward Bouverie Pusey
• George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny, cavalier
• Thomas Strong, Bishop of Oxford
• John Underhill (c.1545–1592), Bishop of Oxford
• John Urry (1666–1715), literary editor
• Peter Wyche (c. 1593–1643), ambassador to the Ottoman Empire and member of the Privy Council

Gallery

File:Cathedral oxford.jpg|View of the cathedral File:Christ Church Cathedral Interior 3, Oxford, UK - Diliff.jpg|Altar and vault File:Christ Church Cathedral Interior 2, Oxford, UK - Diliff.jpg|The nave, looking towards the altar File:Christ Church, cloister 03.JPG|Cloisters File:Oxford cathedral 08.JPG|The chancel's pendant lierne vault File:Oxford cathedral, nowers monumenat.JPG|Tomb of John de Nowers File:Christ Church Cathedral(2014-06-14).JPG|Stained glass window

References

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