Chicago Outfit

History

Origins

The early years of organized crime in Chicago, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, were marked by the division of various street gangs controlling the South Side and North Side, as well as the Black Hand organizations of Little Italy. In later years, the Outfit consisted of various street crews controlling different territories around Chicago including Elmwood Park, Melrose Park, Chicago Heights, Rush Street, Grand Avenue and Chinatown.

Vincenzo "Big Jim" Colosimo centralized control in the early 20th century. Colosimo was born in Calabria, Italy, in 1878, and immigrated to Chicago in 1895, where he established himself as a criminal. By 1909, with the help of bringing Johnny Torrio from New York to Chicago, he was successful enough that he was encroaching on the criminal activity of the Black Hand organization. Colosimo also "cultivated deep political connections" after "serving as a precinct captain in the organization of First Ward Alderman Couglin and Kenna, and later [became] the bagman (collector of illegal profits and dispenser of bribes) in the vice-laden Levee District, which afforded him with blanket political protection".

Prohibition and Johnny Torrio

When Prohibition went into effect in 1920, Torrio pushed for the gang to enter into bootlegging, but Colosimo stubbornly refused. In March 1920, Colosimo secured an uncontested divorce from his wife, Victoria Moresco. A month later, he and singer Dale Winter eloped to West Baden Springs, Indiana. Upon their return, he bought a home on the South Side.

Torrio's organization was made up predominantly of ethnic Italians but had a large contingent of members from other immigrant backgrounds. Torrio's gang also differed from the other Chicago gangs by recruiting from New York's underworld, regularly welcoming that city's ambitious criminals into his organization's ranks.

In 1923, William Dever was elected mayor of Chicago, and he began to crack down on Torrio's underworld activities within the city. Losing their political cover, the gang looked to the suburbs for a new base of operations. Torrio ordered Capone to lead a takeover of the town of Cicero, where he was able to corrupt city manager Joseph Z. Klenha. The gang set up dozens of brothels, speakeasies, gambling dens, and other businesses within the town. On April 1, 1924, Cicero municipal elections were threatening Kenha's leadership. Kenha appealed to Torrio and Capone for their support, which they responded to by terrorizing the opposition and voting public on election day. The gang guarded polling places, ensuring people knew the right way to vote and violently preventing entry to those who did not. They ransacked the local Democratic party campaign headquarters, forcibly detaining the election workers for hours. By that afternoon, the Chicago Police Department was ordered to step in to halt the violence by Cook County Judge Edmund J. Jareki. Seventy plainclothes officers, newly deputized as county sheriffs, descended on Cicero. Frank Capone, Al's brother, was killed that evening by detective sergeant William Cusack during an altercation on 22nd Street and Cicero Avenue. Charles Fischetti was also arrested at the scene. Kenha won the election, ensuring the Torrio-Capone gang's local immunity into the 1930s.

Torrio was wary of being drawn into gang wars and tried to negotiate agreements over territory between rival crime groups. The smaller North Side Gang led by Dean O'Banion was of mixed ethnicity, and it came under pressure from the Genna brothers who were allied with Torrio. O'Banion found that Torrio was unhelpful with the encroachment of the Gennas into the North Side, despite his pretensions to be a settler of disputes. The "Terrible" Genna brothers, as they were known, consisted of Peter, James, Angelo, Tony, Sam and Mike "The Devil" Genna. They were known for their ruthlessness and intemperate disposition. In a fateful step, Torrio either arranged for or acquiesced to the murder of O'Banion at his flower shop on November 10, 1924. This placed Hymie Weiss at the head of the gang, backed by Vincent Drucci and Bugs Moran. Weiss had been a close friend of O'Banion and the North Siders made it a priority to get revenge on his killers.

At the end of 1924, the Torrio-Capone gang had between 300–400 members, while the North Side gang could count on around 200 soldiers.

Beer Wars and Al Capone

In early 1925, the North Side began a string of retaliations for O'Banion's murder. First, in January 1925, Capone's car was shot up without him in it. Twelve days later, on January 24, Torrio was returning from a shopping trip with his wife Anna, when he was shot several times by North Side gunmen. After recovering, he effectively resigned and handed control to Capone, age 26 at the time. Torrio retired to New York and acted as an advisor to the New York Mafia in helping form the "Commission".

During the beer wars, the Capone gang's enforcement group was led by "Machine Gun" Jack McGurn, and included Tony Capezio, Claude "Screwy" Maddox, Sam "Golf Bag" Hunt, Frank Rio, and others. 1925–1926 were the most violent years of Chicago's "Beer Wars" in which 133 gangsters were murdered. On September 20, 1926, the North Side gang attacked Capone's headquarters at Cicero's Hawthorne Hotel, shooting hundreds of rounds and only narrowly missing Capone. Less than a month later, on October 11, North Side gang leader Hymie Weiss was gunned down with a Thompson in front of Holy Name Cathedral, allegedly by Jack McGurn. Weiss was succeeded by Vincent Drucci, a WW1 veteran and close friend of Weiss.

In 1928, the Capone gang was active in the violent Pineapple Primary election. Capone had previously donated $200,000 to Big Bill Thompson's corrupt mayoral campaign, and then used his gangsters to intimidate, assault, and bomb Thompson's political rivals in an attempt to keep the Republican party in power.

Capone was widely assumed to have been responsible for ordering the 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre in an attempt to eliminate Bugs Moran, head of the North Side Gang. On that fateful and cold February morning, four Capone henchmen (two dressed as Chicago policemen) entered the S.M.C Cartage Company garage located at 2122 N. Clark St. Chicago, Illinois, to find seven men, which included five of Moran's soldiers, an auto mechanic, and a friend of the gangsters, awaiting a shipment of hijacked booze. All seven men were lined up against the wall in a mock police raid and shot to death. Moran escaped narrowly by accidentally arriving late to the meeting. Moran was the last survivor of the North Side gunmen; his succession had come about because his similarly aggressive predecessors Vincent Drucci and Hymie Weiss had been killed in the violence that followed the murder of original leader Dean O'Banion.{{cite book

Capone was convicted on three counts of income tax evasion on October 17, 1931, and was sentenced a week later to 11 years in federal prison, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes. Capone later died of heart failure as a result of apoplexy on January 25, 1947.

From Nitti to Accardo

1930s–1950s

In 1931, head of operations Frank Nitti was also convicted of tax evasion and sent to prison; however, Nitti received an 18-month sentence. When Nitti was released on March 25, 1932, he took his place as the new boss of the Capone Gang. However, some historical revisionists claim that the real power in the Outfit was his underboss, Paul Ricca. Not only did Ricca frequently overrule Nitti's orders, but the leaders of the National Crime Syndicate dealt solely with him. Ricca would be the crime boss of Chicago, either in name or in fact, for the next 40 years.

Over the next decade, The Outfit moved into labor racketeering, gambling, and loan sharking. Geographically, this was the period when Outfit muscle extended to Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin, Kansas City, and especially to Hollywood and other California cities, where the Outfit's extortion of labor unions gave it leverage over the motion picture industry.

In the early 1940s, a handful of top Outfit leaders went to prison because they were found to be extorting Hollywood by controlling the unions that compose Hollywood's movie industry, and manipulating and misusing the Teamsters Central States pension fund. In 1943, the Outfit was caught red-handed shaking down the Hollywood movie industry. Ricca wanted Nitti to take the fall. However, Nitti had found that he was claustrophobic, years earlier while in jail for 18 months (for tax evasion), and he decided to end his life rather than face more imprisonment for extorting Hollywood. Ricca then became the boss in name as well as in fact, with enforcement chief Anthony "Joe Batters" Accardo as underboss—the start of a partnership that lasted for almost 30 years. Around this time, the Outfit began bringing in members of the Forty-Two Gang, a notoriously violent youth gang. Among them were Sam "Momo" Giancana, Sam "Mad Sam" DeStefano, Felix "Milwaukee Phil" Alderisio, and Fiore "Fifi" Buccieri.

Ricca was sent to prison later in 1943 for his part in The Outfit plot to control Hollywood. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison, along with a number of other mobsters. Through the "magic" of political connections, the whole group of Outfit mobsters was released after three years, largely due to the efforts of Outfit "fixer" Murray "the Camel" Humphreys. Ricca could not associate with mobsters as a condition of his parole. Accardo nominally took power as boss, but actually shared power with Ricca, who continued behind the scenes as a senior consultant—one of the few instances of shared power in organized crime.

Accardo joined Ricca in semi-retirement in 1957 due to some "heat" that he was getting from the IRS. From then on, Ricca and Accardo allowed several others to nominally serve as boss, such as Giancana, Alderisio, Joseph "Joey Doves" Aiuppa, William "Willie Potatoes" Daddano, and Jackie "the Lackey" Cerone. Most of the front bosses originated from the Forty-Two Gang. However, no major business transactions took place without Ricca and Accardo's knowledge and approval, and certainly no "hits". By staying behind the scenes, Ricca and Accardo lasted far longer than Capone. Ricca died in 1972, leaving Accardo as the sole power behind the scenes.

1960s–1990s

During the 1960 presidential election, many claimed that the Mafia, and in particular, the Chicago Outfit, boosted candidate and future president John F. Kennedy. The strategy for boosting votes for Kennedy essentially ran through the Mafia-controlled unions, physically threatening those who did not vote for Kennedy. It was even said that Joseph Kennedy held a meeting with mob boss Sam Giancana before the election. Supposedly, the Kennedys and the Mafia agreed that if John were elected president, he would lighten the pursuit of authorities on the mob group. However, after the election, President Kennedy turned on Giancana. Theories say this is what led to his and Robert Kennedy's assassinations. Further, many believe the Outfit was involved in a Central Intelligence Agency–Mafia collusion during Castro's overthrow of the Cuban government. In exchange for its help, the Outfit was to be given access to its former casinos if it helped overthrow Fidel Castro in Operation Mongoose or Operation Family Jewels. The Outfit failed in that endeavor and faced increasing indictments under the administration of President John F. Kennedy.

The Outfit reached the height of its power in the early 1960s. Accardo used the Teamsters pension fund, with the aid of Meyer Lansky, Sidney Korshak, and Jimmy Hoffa, to engage in massive money laundering through the Outfit's casinos. The Outfit controlled casinos in Las Vegas and "skimmed" millions of dollars over the course of several decades. Most recently, top mob figures have been found guilty of crimes dating back to as early as the mid-1960s. It has been rumored that the $2 million skimmed from the casinos in the Court case of 1986 was used to build the Old Neighborhood Italian American Club, the founder of which was Angelo J. "The Hook" LaPietra. The 1995 Martin Scorsese movie Casino depicts The Outfit's activities in Las Vegas during the 1970s, where bookmaker Frank "Lefty" Rosenthal and made man Anthony "The Ant" Spilotro managed the Stardust, Fremont, Marina, and Hacienda casinos on behalf of Joey "Doves" Aiuppa.

The 1970s and 1980s were a hard time for the Outfit, as law enforcement continued to penetrate the organization, spurred by poll-watching politicians. Off-track betting reduced bookmaking profits, and illicit casinos withered under competition from legitimate casinos. Activities such as auto theft and professional sports betting did not replace the lost profits. In the 1970s and early 1980s, a series of over 20 murders resulted from the Outfit's takeover of car theft rackets on the South Side of Chicago and Northwest Indiana. During this period, known as the "chop shop wars", James "Jimmy the Bomber" Cataura, the head of the Chicago Heights crew, was tasked by Outfit leaders with seizing control of auto theft operations from a vast network of independent car thieves in the Chicago area. Cataura himself was a victim of the "chop shop wars" when he was killed in July 1978 amidst a power struggle within his own crew with underling Albert Tocco for control of the lucrative stolen car rings. The Outfit simultaneously waged a campaign to gain control over independent pornographic bookstores, massage parlors and strip clubs in and around Chicago, with several gangland-style murders being attributed to the "porn wars".Mob Grave Now Linked to Porn War Chicago Tribune (July 1, 1988) Beginning in 1977, the Outfit engaged in a "loose alliance" with the Outlaws Motorcycle Club to control and share the profits from organized prostitution in Chicago.

Allen Dorfman, a key figure in the Outfit's money embezzlement operations, was investigated by the Department of Justice. In 1982, the FBI wire-tapped Dorfman's personal and company phone lines and was able to gather the evidence needed to convict Dorfman and several of his associates on attempts to bribe a state senator to get rid of the trucking industry rates. If Dorfman had succeeded, the Outfit would have seen a huge gain of profit. This was known as Operation Pendorf and was a huge blow to the Chicago crime syndicate.

Operation GAMBAT (GAMBling ATtorney) proved to be a crippling blow to the Outfit's tight grip on the Chicago political machine. Pat Marcy, a made man in the Outfit, ran the city's First Ward, which represented most of downtown Chicago. Marcy and company controlled the circuit courts from the 1950s until the late 1980s with the help of Alderman Fred Roti and Democratic Committeeman John D'Arco Sr. Together, the First Ward fixed cases involving everything from minor traffic violations to murder.

Attorney and First Ward associate Robert Cooley was one of the lawyers who represented many mafiosi and associates in which cases were fixed. As a trusted man within the First Ward, Cooley was asked to "take out" a city police officer. Cooley was also an addicted gambler and in debt, so he approached the U.S. Justice Department's Organized Crime Strike Force, declaring that he wanted to "destroy Marcy and the First Ward".

Cooley was soon in touch with the FBI and began cooperating as a federal informant. Through the years, he maintained close ties to Marcy and the big shots of the First Ward. He wore an electronic surveillance device, recording valuable conversations at the notorious "First Ward Table", located at "Counselor's Row" across the street from Chicago City Hall. The results in Operation Gambat (Gambling Attorney) were convictions of 24 corrupt judges, lawyers, and cops.

In February 1990, 20 members and associates of the Outfit's "Ferriola Street Crew", which was headed by Joseph Ferriola before being taken over by Ernest Rocco Infelice upon Ferriola's death, were indicted on various federal charges including murder, extortion and bribery following an eight-year FBI investigation.

Accardo died in 1992. In a measure of how successfully he had managed to stay out of the limelight, he never spent a day in jail (or only spent one day, depending on the source) despite an arrest record dating to 1922. Chicago's transition from Accardo to the next generation of Outfit bosses has been more of an administrative change than a power struggle, distinct from the way that organized crime leadership transitions take place in New York City.

21st century

Higher law enforcement investigations and general attrition led to the Outfit's gradual decline since the late 20th century. The Old Neighborhood Italian American Club is considered to be the hangout of old timers as they live out their golden years. The club's founder was Angelo J. LaPietra "The Hook", who was the main Council at the time of his death in 1999.

On April 25, 2005, the U.S. Department of Justice launched Operation Family Secrets, which indicted 14 Outfit members and associates under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), including Joseph Lombardo, Nicholas Calabrese, Frank Calabrese Sr. and James Marcello. U.S. District Court Judge James Zagel presided over the Family Secrets trial. The federal prosecutors were Mitchell A. Mars, T. Markus Funk, and John Scully. Facing a life sentence, Nicholas Calabrese became the first "made" member of the Chicago Outfit to become a witness for the federal government. Calabrese gave information on 14 murders he was personally involved with and knowledge of 22 killings during the past 30 years.

As of 2007, the Outfit's size is estimated to be 28 official members (composing its core group) and more than 100 associates.

From 1996 to 2018, the Chicago Outfit was believed to be led by John DiFronzo. As of 2021, the Chicago Outfit is believed to be led by Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis. On May 31, 2020, 24 year-old Bobby 'Boo Boo' English Jr. was murdered. The Cicero crew-affiliated 12th Street Players gang is suspected of ordering the hit. He was the son of Bobby "Taz" English, former boss of the 12th Street Players during the 1990s and early 2000s and currently in prison for attempted murder.

Historical leadership

Boss (official and acting)

• 1910–1920 — Vincenzo "Big Jim" Colosimo — murdered on May 11, 1920
• 1920–1925 — John "Papa Johnny" Torrio — resigned after an assassination attempt
• 1925–1932 — Alphonse "Scarface Al" Capone — imprisoned in 1931
• 1932–1947 — Paul "the Waiter" Ricca — imprisoned 1943–1947; became consigliere
  • Acting 1943–1947 — Anthony "Joe Batters" Accardo — became official boss
• 1947–1992 — Anthony "Joe Batters" Accardo — stepped down in 1957, becoming a "shadow executive" and consigliere of the Outfit while retaining ultimate authority over a series of front bosses along with Paul Ricca; died on May 22, 1992
• 1992–2018 — John "No Nose" DiFronzo — imprisoned 1993–1994; died on May 27, 2018
  • Acting 1993–1994 — John "Johnny Apes" Monteleone
  • Acting 2005–2010 — Michael "Fat Mike" Sarno
  • Acting 2010–2018 — Salvatore "Solly D" Delaurentis
• 2018–present — Salvatore "Solly D" Delaurentis

Street boss (front boss)

The street boss is a high-ranking member appointed to run the outfit's daily activities for the boss. The position was created to protect the boss from federal investigations.

• 1931–1943 — Frank "the Enforcer" Nitti — committed suicide on March 19, 1943
• 1957–1966 — Salvatore "Sam Mooney" Giancana — fled to Mexico to avoid imprisonment; deposed by Ricca and Accardo
• 1966–1967 — Salvatore "Teets" Battaglia — imprisoned
• 1967–1969 — John "Jackie the Lackey" Cerone — became underboss
• 1969–1971 — Felix "Milwaukee Phil" Alderisio — imprisoned 1967–1969; died on September 25, 1971
• 1971–1986 — Joseph "Joey Doves" Aiuppa — imprisoned
• 1986–1989 — Joseph "Joe Nagall" Ferriola — died on March 11, 1989
• 1989–1993 — Samuel "Sam Wings" Carlisi — imprisoned
• 1993–1994 — Joseph "Joe the Builder" Andriacchi — resigned
• 2001–2003 — Alfonso "Al the Pizza Man" Tornabene — resigned
• 2003–2009 — James "Jimmy the Man" Marcello — imprisoned
• 2012–2016 — Louis "Louie Tomatoes" Marino — resigned; died on March 7, 2017
• 2016–present — Albert "Little Guy" Vena

Underboss (official and acting)

• 1910–1920 — John "Papa Johnny" Torrio — became boss
• 1920–1925 — Alphonse "Scarface Al" Capone — became boss
• 1925–1931 — Frank "the Enforcer" Nitti — became front boss
• 1931–1943 — Louis "Little New York" Campagna — imprisoned; died on May 31, 1955
• 1943–1947 — Tony "Joe Batters" Accardo — became boss
• 1947–1957 — Salvatore "Mooney Sam" Giancana — became front boss
• 1957–1964 — Frank "Strongy" Ferraro — died on August 24, 1964
• 1964–1966 — Salvatore "Teets" Battaglia – became front boss
• 1967–1986 — John "Jackie the Lackey" Cerone — imprisoned
• 1986–1992 — John "No Nose" DiFronzo — became boss
• 1992–1996 — James "Jimmy the Man" Marcello — imprisoned
• 1996–2006 — Anthony "Little Tony" Zizzo — disappeared on August 31, 2006
• 2006–2009 — Joseph "Joe the Builder" Andriacchi — resigned
• 2009–2020 — Salvatore "Sammy Cards" Cataudella — became acting underboss
• 2020–2023 — James "Jimmy I" Inendino — died on February 23, 2023.
  • Acting 2020–2023 — Salvatore "Sammy Cards" Cataudella – became official underboss
• 2023–present — Salvatore "Sammy Cards" Cataudella

Consigliere (official and acting)

• 1925–1928 — Antonio "Tony the Scourge" Lombardo — murdered on September 7, 1928
• 1928–1947 — Charles "Trigger Happy" Fischetti — resigned
• 1947–1957 — Paul "the Waiter" Ricca — resigned
• 1957–1992 — Tony "Joe Batters" Accardo — died on May 22, 1992
• 1992–1999 — Angelo "the Hook" LaPietra — died on March 28, 1999
• 1999–2007 — Joseph "Joey the Clown" Lombardo — sentenced in 2007 and imprisoned in 2009; died on October 19, 2019
• 2007–2009 — Alfonso "Al the Pizza Man" Tornabene — died on May 17, 2009
• 2009–2020 — Marco "the Mover" D'Amico — became semi-active in 2016, allowing Andriacchi to assist DeLaurentis; died on April 22, 2020
  • Acting 2012–2016 — Joseph "Joe the Builder" Andriacchi
• 2020–2024 — Joseph "Joe the Builder" Andriacchi — died on August 10, 2024
  • Acting 2022–present — John A. Matassa

Current members

Administration

• Boss — Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis — born in 1939. DeLaurentis was inducted into the Outfit in 1988 or 1989 and put in charge of rackets in Lake County, Illinois. He was indicted in 1993 along with Ernest "Rocky" Infelice, Louis "Louie Tomatoes" Marino, Robert "Bobby The Gabeet" Bellavia, Harry Aleman, Marco "The Mover" D'Amico, and several others, in the Good Ship Lollipop case, which centered on mob murders by the Cicero street crew, and sent to prison for 17 years. He was released in 2006. DeLaurentis then reportedly acted as a co-capo of the Cicero crew. He became acting boss of the Outfit in 2010 before taking over as official boss after the death of John DiFronzo in 2018.
• Street boss — Albert "Little Guy" Vena — born in 1948. Part of the new administration following the retirement of John DiFronzo. Vena was once a powerful capo of the Grand Avenue crew and replaced Joseph Lombardo after his 2007 conviction of a 1974 murder. By 2000, Vena had been acquitted of 2 murders. FBI investigators from the August 2006, disappearance case of Anthony Zizzo considered him a suspect. In 1993, Vena was acquitted of the November 4, 1992 murder of Samuel Taglia who was shot twice in the head and had his throat cut with a knife, his body dumped in the trunk of his 1983 Buick car. His most trusted confidants were reported to be Joseph Andriacchi and James Inendino.
• Underboss — Salvatore "Sammy Cards" Cataudella — former acting underboss; convicted of racketeering related to a prostitution scheme in 1990.
• Consigliere — Vacant
• Acting consigliere — John "Pudgy" Matassa Jr. — currently acting consigliere. Matassa took over the North Side/Rush Street Crew. In 2019, Matassa pleaded guilty in a scheme aimed at fraudulently qualifying for early retirement benefits.

Caporegimes

• Frank "Toots" Caruso — capo of the 26th Street/Chinatown crew.
• Rudolph "Rudy" Fratto — capo of the Elmwood Park crew; Peter DiFronzo was the captain before his death in December 2020. Rudy Fratto became Caporegime by 2021. Fratto was born in 1943. He was first identified as a member of the Outfit in 1997. In October 2009, he pleaded guilty to tax evasion. In September 2012, he was sentenced to 1-year imprisonment for bid-rigging $2 million in forklift contracts for a pair of trade shows at McCormick Place. Theories have arisen that he and Michael "Mags" Magnafichi have been running the crew jointly as co-capos, though sources dispute this as Magnafichi has reportedly not been active in years.
• Louis "Louie" Rainone — capo of the Cicero crew. In 2012, Rainone's business the Roosevelt Gold Exchange was robbed by five suspects.
• Christopher "Christy the Nose" Spina — capo of the Grand Avenue crew. Spina was a long time member of the Grand Avenue crew and a close associate of Albert Vena. He was also the driver of Joey Lombardo and at one time he worked for Chicago's Bureau of Signs and Markings. In 1993, Spina lost his foreman job at the First Ward sanitation yard when the City of Chicago stated he was chauffeuring Joseph Lombardo around.

Soldiers

• Robert Abbinanti — Elmwood Park crew soldier; born in October 1955. In May 1995, Abbinanti pleaded guilty to charges of racketeering, gambling, and conspiracy, and in July 1995, Abbinanti was sentenced to 5 years in prison for using a weapon during a botched robbery, he was also sentenced to over 1 and a half years for the other offenses to run consecutively.
• Robert Bellavia — former member of the Ferriola crew. He was involved in the February 7, 1985 murder of bookmaker Hal C. Smith, the body was recovered 3 days later in the trunk of his car. In 1990, he was indicted and later convicted in the Good Ship Lollipop case, a large-scale racketeering and murder indictment alongside Ernest Infelice, Solly DeLaurentis, Harry Aleman, James Nicholas and William DiDomenico. He was released in 2016 after serving 25 years in prison.
• Paul "Paulie C" Carparelli — Cicero crew soldier; born in September 1968. Caparelli is former member of the 12th Street Players gang. In February 2016, Carparelli was sentenced to over 3 years in prison by U.S. District Judge Sharon Johnson Coleman for a series of extortion conspiracies within Chicago, Wisconsin, New Jersey and Las Vegas.
• Michael Carioscia — soldier; born 1933. In December 1950, he was arrested on charges of armed robbery and was sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment, he was released in 1954. He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment in October 1961 on narcotics charges after he and Armando Pennacchio made three sales of a large quantity of heroin to an undercover FBN officer. He has a brother named Frank.
• Frank Caruso Jr. — soldier. Son of 26th Street crew capo Frank "Toots" Caruso was arrested for beating a black boy in 1998.
• Dominick "Mennie" Cassano — Elmwood Park crew soldier and brother of Gino "Mean Gene" Cassano and Angelo "The Angel" Cassano (deceased). He and his brothers were convicted of attempted murder in 1993.
• Gino "Mean Gene" Cassano — Elmwood Park crew soldier and brother of Dominick "Mennie" Cassano and Angelo "The Angel" Cassano (deceased). He and his brothers were convicted of attempted murder in 1993.
• Anthony "Tony" Dote — soldier; born in 1952. In November 1994, he was indicted on charges of racketeering and illegal gambling. He pleaded guilty to the charges in 1996 and was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment. In April 2000, Dote and 6 other Chicago mob affiliates were accused of operating a sports betting ring that netted $2 million over three years.
• Nicholas "Nick" Ferriola — soldier; born in 1977. He is the son of Joseph Ferriola. He was sentenced by U.S. District Judge James Zagel in 2008 to 3 years in federal prison for his role in the Family Secrets case, he was accused of extortion and illegal sports gambling charges over an 8-year period, Ferriola admitted to earning over $150,000 per month. He served as a trusted confidant to Frank Calabrese Sr. during the operation including after Calabrese's life imprisonment sentence in 2009.
• Gary "Gags" Gagliano — Elmwood Park crew soldier. Gagliano is the nephew of Joseph Gagliano, a close associate of Jackie Cerone.
• Michael "Jaws" Giorango — former associate of the Chicago Heights crew. He pleaded guilty to operating a bookmaking ring in the suburbs of South Chicago in 1989 and used threats of violence to collect unpaid debts including threats of beatings, bombings and robbery. In 1990, he was sentenced to prison and served 4 years. In 2010, reports linked him and Alexi Giannoulias, the 72nd Democratic Illinois treasurer, to a $11–20 million loan. In 2004, he was sentenced to six months of intermittent confinement and three years of probation for prostitution charges in Miami. He was granted early release from probation in 2008. In 2010, he filed for bankruptcy protection and listed assets and liabilities between $500,000 and $1 million. His case was dismissed in 2013.
• Nick "Jumbo" Guzzino — soldier; born in 1942. In around 1991, Guzzino was sentenced to 39-years imprisonment for racketeering and extortion.
• Dino Marino — Son of Louis "Louie Tomatoes" Marino and driver of Solly D. He was arrested for a no-show job as Health Department inspector for the Town of Cicero.
• John "Pudgy" Matassa — soldier and former capo; born in 1952. Matassa served as the secretary-treasurer of the Independent Union of Amalgamated Workers Local 711 in 2013. In February 2019, Matassa pleaded guilty to embezzlement. Matassa was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment and also ordered to pay $66,500 in restitution.
• Alphonse Mitria — Elmwood Park crew soldier; born in May 1949. In February 2001, Mitria was indicted for felony theft with an estimated $2 million in stolen merchandise, which included stolen toys, cigarettes, and designer clothing.
• Robert "Bobby Pinocchio" Panozzo — Grand Avenue crew soldier and former member of the C-Notes street gang. Panozzo was sentenced to 18 years on state racketeering charges on January 8, 2019.
• Joseph Jerome "Jerry" Scalise — soldier, best known for stealing the Marlborough diamond. Currently incarcerated.
• Michael "A1 Mike" Zitello — Cicero crew soldier and bookmaker. He is a former protégé of Louis "Louie Tomatoes" Marino.

Imprisoned members

• James "Little Jimmy" Marcello — former boss during the 2000s. Born in December 1943. In April 2005, Marcello was arrested in Illinois and charged with conducting an illegal gambling business since 1996, obstructing a criminal investigation, the indictment also alleged Marcello engaged in a tax fraud conspiracy to obstruct the IRS in the assessment and collection of corporate and individual income taxes between 1996 and April 2004. In early 2009, Marcello was sentenced to life imprisonment for participating in the June 1986 murder of the Spilotro brothers.
• Robert William Panozzo Sr. — Grand Avenue crew soldier. Born in March 1960. In January 2019, Panozzo was given an 18 year prison sentence for racketeering, solicitation of murder, conspiracy to murder, manufacturing and transportation of delivering more than 900 grams of cocaine, and burglary. In September 2019, Panozzo was sentenced to 14 years in prison after he was convicted of one count of extortion as he had attempted to recover a $100,000 debt from 2005, after he had assaulted the debtor and torched his garage.

Inactive members

• William DiDomenico — born in October 1942. DiDomenico is considered as an inactive member of the Chicago Outfit since 2025, and he was considered as an alleged close associate of Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis during the 1980s and 1990s. In December 1992, DiDomenico was sentenced by former U.S. District Judge Ann Claire Williams to over 5 years in prison for tax fraud and conspiracy of operating an illegal gambling business.
• Nicholas "Jumbo" Guzzino — former capo of the Chicago Heights crew. According to Nick Calabrese, he became a made man in 1983, and was sponsored by Dominick Palermo, a powerful underboss in the Chicago Heights crew under Albert Tocco. Guzzino took over whatever remained of the old Chicago Heights Crew. It is possible and highly likely that he is retired.
• Joseph "Jerry" Scalise — born in December 1937. Scalise is considered as an inactive member of the Chicago Outfit. Scalise was a suspect in the London-Marlborough jewellery store heist in September 1980, with Scalise netting approximately $3.5 million. Scalise was sentenced to 15 years in prison in August 1984, and he was released around December 1992 or early 1993. In January 1994, Scalise was arrested alongside Anthony Aleman, and Robert Pullia for the possession of stolen burglary tools.

Associates

• Dominic Buttitta — associate. Strip club owner and father of fellow mobster Anthony Buttitta. They both were arrested by the FBI for an illegal internet gambling business.
• Anthony Buttitta — associate. Son of fellow mobster Dominic Buttitta. They both were arrested by the FBI for an illegal internet gambling business.
• Michael "Mickey" Davis — Cicero crew associate; born in 1958. Davis was reputedly associated with Peter DiFronzo and Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis during his tenure with the Chicago Outfit. In November 2014, former U.S. District Judge Samuel Der-Yeghiayan sentenced Davis to 4 years in prison for extortion, as Davis had allegedly loaned $300,000 to the victim, Davis in turn hired 2 associates who hired another associate to assault the victim, whom turned out to be a government informant.
• Vincent "Uncle Mick" Del Giudice — Cicero crew associate; born in April 1965. In March 2022, U.S. District Judge Virginia Mary Kendall sentenced Giudice to over 1 year and a half in prison for operating an illegal sports gambling ring, with $3.6 million in forfeiture. In April 2019, it was reported that over $1 million in cash was seized at his home, along with gold coins valued at $92,000, and silver bars and jewellery estimated worth over $345,000. According to prosecutors, Giudice operated an illegal bookmaking business from between 2016 and 2019 within Lemont, Frankfort, Orland Park and Woodridge, and allegedly operated a professional sporting business from Costa Rica with approximately 20 agents and sub-agents under his realm from his sports betting business.
• Robert Dominic — Grand Avenue crew associate. In February 2025, Dominic was indicted for defrauding the United States government and tax evasion.
• Carlo "The Fat Man/Carl D" Dote — Elmwood Park crew associate, café owner and bookmaker.
• Michael Frontier — associate. In April 2024, Frontier was sentenced to 2 years in prison for operating an illegal sports gambling ring with the Outfit. Frontier had pleaded guilty in the case and admitted that he had ran a team of at least five agents, recruiting gamblers and placing wagers on games through an online company based in Costa Rica.
• Gioacchino "Jack" Galione — Elmwood Park crew associate. Galione and Gene "Mean Gene" Cassano were on trial for assaulting Luigi Mucerino over a $10,000 juice loan. The charges were later dismissed.
• Nicholas Gio — associate; born on September 18, 1966. Gio served as an enforcer for the Outfit. In December 1991, Gio was indicted alongside Leonard Patrick and Gus Alex for racketeering, and he was sentenced to 11 years in prison. In 1995, he was sentenced to life in prison, for the 1987 murder of hair stylist John Castaldo. Gio is serving his sentence at Danville Correctional Center.
• Paul Koroluk — associate and joint leader of the P-K street crew. The crew is named after the leaders Robert Panozzo Sr. and Koroluk. The P-K crew posed as police officers to rob drug houses on Chicago's South and West Sides. Koroluk is currently serving an 18-year prison sentence on RICO charges.
• Rocco "Rocky" Lombardo — associate. Lombardo is the brother of former Outfit consigliere Joseph Lombardo. In 2007, he was sentenced to 5 years probation for tax fraud.
• Frank Orlando — associate. At his trial, the FBI alleged Orlando introduced printing firm owner Mark Dziuban to Paul Carparelli to discuss extortion attempts. In 2014, he was sentenced to almost 4 years in prison on extortion charges.
• Domenic Poeta — Cicero crew associate; born in April 1957. In November 2020, Poeta was sentenced to 1 year in prison by former U.S. District Judge Matthew Kennelly for operating an illegal gambling operation, from between 2012 and 2017, the operation's income was approximately estimated at $3.7 million, Poeta was also ordered to pay $1.4 million in forfeiture.
• Mark Polchan — associate and member of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. In December 2010, Polchan was convicted for a series of jewel heists and for the bombing of a video poker machine company. He was a given a 60-year prison sentence in October 2011. In October 2021, federal judge Ronald A. Guzman imposed a new sentence upon Polchan, who was ordered to serve a 30-year prison sentence, for racketeering, illegal gambling and tax fraud. It has been alleged Polchan was associated with Michael Sarno during his association with the Outfit.
• Rick Rizzolo — associate. Strip club owner and in Las Vegas.
• Filippo "Gigi" Rovito — associate. Burr Ridge restaurant owner was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment for kidnapping and rape in 1997. He was hired by Mickey Davis to arrange the beating of R.J. Serpico the owner of Ideal Motors, a used-car dealership in Melrose Park. R.J. Serpico had a $300,000 debt by Salvatore DeLaurentis. The beating never happens because one of the men who Gigi has hired, George Brown was an FBI informant.
• Emil "Nick the Badge" Schullo — Cicero crew associate; born in November 1944. Schullo previously served as a Cicero police chief. He was convicted in 2002 in a federal racketeering case alongside Chicago mafioso Michael "Big Mike" Spano and then-Cicero Mayor Betty Loren-Maltese. He awarded a contract to a security company owned by Spano. In January 2003, Schullo was sentenced to 6 years in prison for his involvement in a $12 million insurance fraud conspiracy, after his conviction of racketeering, mail fraud, and conspiracy in August 2002. He was released from prison in January 2011.
• Michael Spano Jr. — Cicero crew associate; born in May 1969. In August 2002, Spano was convicted of helping operate dummy companies and creating fraudulent records, and in January 2003, he was sentenced by former U.S. District Judge John F. Grady to over 6 years in prison, with 5 years of probation and restitution of $11 million.
• Casey Szaflarski — Chinatown crew associate; born in January 1958. In February 2012, Szaflarski was convicted of operating video poker machines on behalf of Michael "Big Mike" Sarno since 2002, and was sentenced to 3 years in prison. According to the Illinois Gaming Board, Szaflarski's illegal gambling operation was worth approximately $30 million. In May 2025, Szaflarski was indicted on felony charges and accused of breaking into a home in West Dundee, Illinois in March 2025, and stealing jewellery worth between $10,000 and $100,000.
• Anthony Volpendesto — associate. Son of mobster Sam Volpendesto. In August 2011, Volpendesto was sentenced to 15 years in prison for robbing jewellery stores and transporting stolen goods, and ordered to pay $1.5 million in restitution. Volpendesto was convicted along with Michael Sarno and Outlaws member Mark Polchan in 2014 for running the illegal gambling establishment "C&S Amusements" in Cicero.

Former members

• Joseph "Joe the Builder" Andriacchi — former consigliere. Andriacchi was a cousin by marriage to Joey "The Clown" Lombardo, Andriacchi was charged with the disappearance of Anthony Zizzo in 2006. He died in August 2024.
• Leonard "Fat Lenny" Caifano — former soldier. Leonard Caifano was the brother of Marshall Caifano and a childhood friend of Sam Giancana. Caifano was a bookmaker and loanshark who worked for Giancana during the Outfit's takeover of the numbers rackets controlled by African-American organized crime figures on Chicago's South Side. On June 19, 1951, Leonard Caifano, Marshall Caifano, Giancana and Vincent Ioli took part in an attempted kidnapping of Theodore Roe, a Black policy racket boss, who was traveling in an automobile with three off-duty Chicago police officers serving as his bodyguards. Leonard Caifano was shot in the head and killed, aged 42, when he tried to pull Roe into a car at 739 South Western Avenue.
• James "Jimmy Poker" DiForti — former loanshark and secretary-treasurer of International Laborers Union Local 5 in Chicago Heights. In July 1997, DiForti was charged with the 1988 murder of William Benham. DiForti died on June 6, 2000.
• James "Jimmy I" Inendino – former underboss and capo of the Cicero Crew. According to sources, Inendino operated as captain of the Cicero crew since 2010. He died on February 23, 2023.
• Ernesto Rocco "Rocky" Infelice — former capo. Infelice served as a paratrooper during World War II. He became the capo of the Cicero crew following the death of Joseph Ferriola in March 1989, overseeing Outfit gambling, extortion and loansharking operations in suburban Cook and Lake counties. Infelice was one of twenty mobsters indicted on federal racketeering charges on February 7, 1990. He was convicted of racketeering and conspiracy to commit murder on March 10, 1992; a jury concluded that Infelice had conspired to kill bookmaker Hal Smith but was unable to deliberate on whether he had actually participated in Smith's 1985 murder. Infelice was sentenced in March 1993 to 63 years in federal prison. In March 2005, Infelice was transferred from the Federal Correctional Institution, El Reno, Oklahoma to the Federal Medical Center, Devens, Massachusetts, where he died on July 22, 2005, aged 82.
• John "Johnny Apes" Monteleone — former capo and acting boss. Monteleone was a capo of the 26th Street/Chinatown crew, overseeing sports bookmaking, loansharking and labor rackets in Cicero, the South Side, and the south suburbs. He became acting boss of the crime family when Outfit front boss Sam Carlisi and underboss John DiFronzo were imprisoned in the mid-1990s. Monteleone was also responsible for expanding the Outfit's operations into Milwaukee as the Balistrieri family declined during the 1990s. He died of natural causes in January 2001.

• Robert "Bobby the Boxer" Salerno — former soldier. Salerno was a boxer, boxing trainer and promotor, who trained and promoted fights for Ernie Terrell and Earnie Shavers among others. He was an enforcer and soldier in the Cicero crew under Joseph Ferriola and Ernest Rocco Infelice. On February 7, 1985, Salerno and other members of the crew murdered Hal Smith, an independent bookmaker in Lake County who had ceased paying the Outfit for protection, at the home of William Jahoda in Long Grove. Smith was found dead from stabbing, strangulation and torture in the trunk of his own car on February 10, 1985. At a 1991 trial, Infelice and Robert Bellavia were convicted of Smith's murder, but the jury was deadlocked on Salerno's verdict. He was convicted in a retrial in February 1995, and sentenced to life in prison in October 1995. Salerno was released in May 2017. He died of natural causes in Arizona in January 2023, aged 88.

Former associates

The Outfit is notable for having had other ethnic groups besides Italians as high-ranking associates since the family's earliest days. A prime example of this was Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik, a Polish Jew, who was the top "bagman" and "accountant" for decades until his death. Others were Murray Humphreys, who was of Welsh descent, Gus Alex, a Greek, and Ken Eto (aka Tokyo Joe), who was Japanese-American.

Another well-known associate of the Outfit is Jewish New York City mobster Benjamin Siegel. Siegel was a childhood friend of Capone. Siegel's organization in Las Vegas and Los Angeles was an ally of the Outfit from 1933 to 1961 when the family boss, Mickey Cohen, was imprisoned and the family was decimated. Other Jewish associates of the Outfit include Leonard Patrick and David Yaras.

Government informants and witnesses

• Louis Bombacino — born in 1923. He was a former bookmaker. Between 1965 and 1967, Bombacino contacted the FBI while in prison awaiting trial on a robbery charge. He admitted to involvement in a large-scale bookmaking operation under the control of Jackie Cerone and Fiore Buccieri. He was murdered in Tempe, Arizona on the morning of October 6/7, 1975 by the Chicago Outfit while hiding under the alias "Joe Nardi", Paul Schiro and Tony Amadio were suspected in the car bombing. His testimony against Cerone resulted in 5 years' imprisonment in May 1970 and he relocated to Arizona and secured a warehouse job before his murder.
• George Brown — associate (2016): Brown worked as a debt under Paul Carparelli. After he became an FBI informant he testified against Mickey Davis and Paul Carparelli, that he was hired to break both legs of the Melrose Park car dealer R.J. Serpico. His testimonial helped to arrest outfit members and associates: Robert McManus, Michael "Mickey" Davis, Mark Dziuban, Frank Orlando, Vito Iozzo, James Amabile and Paul Carparelli.
• Richard Cain — born in October 1931. He served as Chief Investigator for the Cook County Police Department. Cain joined the Chicago Police Department (Vice Squad) in 1956 until 1960. In June 1961, Cain was allegedly met by a CIA staffer in Mexico City, he was deported from Mexico in 1962 for carrying a loaded gun and brass knuckles, violating his tourist permit by working and impersonating a Mexican government official. He was released from prison in October 1971. On December 20, 1971, he was shot and killed on orders of the Chicago Outfit. Harry Aleman, Joey Lombardo and Frank Schweihs were suspected of killing him.
• Frank Calabrese Jr. — associate (2005)
• Nicholas Calabrese — born in November 1942. He is a former soldier in the Chicago Outfit. He was the brother of Frank Calabrese Sr. and uncle of Frank Calabrese Jr. and the star witness of the Family Secrets case. Calabrese was convicted for his involvement in 14 murders and sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment by District Judge James Zagel.
• Frank Cullotta — born in December 1938. He was a former associate and friend of Tony Spilotro, and was involved in his Hole in the Wall gang based in Las Vegas. In 1982, Cullotta was imprisoned and was approached by the FBI with a wiretap of Spilotro talking with someone about "having to clean our dirty laundry", which Cullotta took as an insinuated contract on his life. Due to this, in July 1982, Cullotta finalized an agreement with the prosecutors, sentenced to eight years in prison, but paroled in 1984 to the witness protection program. Cullotta died on August 20, 2020.
• Ken Eto — born in 1919. He was a former Japanese-American Chicago Outfit associate. He arrived in Chicago from Washington in 1949. Eto's criminal record dates back to 1942 for violating a wartime curfew. In February 1983, Eto survived an assassination attempt on his life by Outfit hitmen Jasper Campise and John Gattuso after 3 bullets ricocheted off of his skull, he immediately joined protective custody and turned informant against the Outfit, Outfit captain Vincent Solano ordered the attempt. The assassination attempt is believed to have revolved around paranoia towards Eto following his guilty plea on illegal gambling charges, which provoked the Chicago Outfit to believe the possibility of Eto being easily persuaded to cooperate with the government against the Outfit. The hitmen, 68-year-old Jasper Campise and 47-year-old John Gattuso were offered government protection and declined, they were both found strangled and stabbed in July 1983 inside of the trunk of a 1981 Volvo registered to Campise. The FBI estimated his criminal earnings of between "$150,000 to $200,000" per week and bribe payoffs of $12,000 per month to Chicago policemen. He died in January 2004 at the age of 84 from natural causes.
• Jeff Hollingshead — associate (2014): Hollingshead was an associate of the Grand Avenue Crew and a member of the P-K street crew named after the leaders Robert Panozzo Sr. and Paul Koroluk. The P-K crew posed as police officers to rob drug houses on Chicago's south and west side.
• William "B.J." Jahoda — former associate. He operated a sports bookmaking ring with Sam Sammarco between 1976 and 1979. Jahoda later began a partnership with Rocco Infelise in 1979 through to 1988, the operation allegedly earned over $8 million in profits. He operated an illegal parlay card business with Michael Sarno, James Damopoulos, Salvatore DeLaurentis and Infelise from 1979 to 1983 in Lake County, Illinois and other parts of Chicago. He also operated the Rouse House casino in suburban Libertyville, Illinois in 1982 which generated approximately $500,000 in profits, during this time he paid Infelise $1500 monthly payments to bribe the Lake County Sheriff to get advance notice of law enforcement raids. By the fall of 1988, Infelise told Jahoda that he was paying $10,000 to the Cook County Police Department Sheriff for protection and that he used undersheriff and former Cook County Republican Party chairman James Dvorak as the intermediate, Dvorak was sentenced to 3½ years in prison in April 1994 for accepting bribes. In September 1989, Infelise confirmed that he was paying $35,000 altogether to incarcerated Outfit members and Chicago police officers. In early 1990, the government alleged Infelise and Jahoda gave out a $50,000 loan to an undercover IRS agent under the identity of "Larry Weeks" who Infelise instructed to bribe a Wisconsin zoning official to gain favorable selection in their efforts to get commercial/industrial property near Lake Geneva, Wisconsin as residential property. He died in 2004.
• Leonard Patrick — born in October 1913. Former associate heavily involved in illegal gambling rackets active in the North Side of Chicago. In June 1933, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison for robbing a bank in Culver, Indiana. He came to the attention of the U.S. Attorney in 1958 as a Chicago Outfit affiliate. In 1975, Patrick was convicted of contempt after he refused to testify under immunity against Chicago police lieutenant Ronald O'Hara and admitted to payoffs of $500 per month to O'Hara. Patrick was released in July 1978. He pleaded guilty to criminal charges in April 1992. It is alleged the Outfit ordered the bombing of Sharon Patrick's car outside her home in Rogers Park, Chicago in May 1992, as a result of his guilty plea. In September 1992, he testified against the Chicago Outfit. He is believed to have been involved in, if not ordered, the 1965 assassination of 24th Ward Alderman Ben Lewis, the city's first black alderman and Democrat committeeman. He died in 2006.
• Gerald Scarpelli — soldier (1988)

Factions and territories

Crews

The Chicago Outfit is composed of a number of factions, or "street crews", involved in various criminal activities, including loansharking, gambling and labor racketeering. A percentage of the profits generated by these crews is paid to the organization's leaders. The Outfit's five original crews were based at Taylor Street, Grand Avenue, 26th Street, the North Side, and suburban Chicago Heights. According to the FBI, four crews remain active as of 2025.

• 26th Street crew/Chinatown crew/South Side crew — The 26th Street crew operates on Chicago's South Side, including the 26th Street area, Bridgeport and Chinatown, as well as the south suburbs, and Cicero. The crew remains active.
• Chicago Heights crew — The Chicago Heights crew was based in Chicago Heights, Illinois, operating in Chicago's south suburbs and Northwest Indiana. The crew was amalgamated by the 26th Street/Chinatown crew in the 1990s.
• Cicero crew — The Cicero crew is based in Cicero, Illinois and operates in suburban Cook, Lake and McHenry counties. The crew remains active, and is the most influential in the Outfit.
• Elmwood Park crew — The crew remains active.
• Grand Avenue crew — The crew remains active.
• Melrose Park crew/West Side crew — The crew is defunct.
• North Side crew/Rush Street crew — Operating from Rush Street, the crew controlled rackets on Chicago's North Side and the adjoining suburbs. The crew is defunct.
• Taylor Street Crew — The crew is defunct.

List of murders committed by the Chicago Outfit

In popular culture

The Chicago Outfit has a long history of portrayal in Hollywood as the subject of film and television.

Film

• Little Caesar (1931)
• Scarface (1932)
• Chicago Syndicate (1955)
• The Scarface Mob (television film, 1959)
• Al Capone (1959)
• The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1967)
• Point Blank (1967)
• Bullitt (1968)
• The Outfit (1973)
• Capone (1975)
• Thief (1981)
• Raw Deal (1986)
• The Untouchables (1987)
• Midnight Run (1988)
• Next of Kin (1989)
• The Firm (1993)
• Casino (1995)
• Payback (1999)
• Road to Perdition (2002)
• Public Enemies (2009)
• Chicago Overcoat (2009)
• Gangster Land (2017)
• Capone (2020)
• *The Outfit * (2022)

Television

• The Untouchables (1959–1963)
• The F.B.I. (1965–1974)
• Crime Story (1986–1988)
• The Untouchables (1993–1994)
• Sugartime (TV film) (1995)
• The Rat Pack (1998)
• Prison Break (2005–2009)
• The Chicago Code (2011)
• The Firm (2012)
• Mob Wives: Chicago (2012)
• The Mob Doctor (2012–2013)
• Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014)
• The Making of the Mob: Chicago (2016)

Anime

• 91 Days (since 2016)
• baccano! (2007)

Books

• Scott, Sabrina Austen. The Lemon Tree Girl: A Mafia Story. Amazon, 2022.

Games

• Empire of Sin (2020)

References

Sources

Books

• Cooley, Will (2017). "Jim Crow Organized Crime: Black Chicago's Underground Economy in the Twentieth Century", in Building the Black Metropolis: African American Entrepreneurship in Chicago, Robert Weems and Jason Chambers, eds. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 147–170. .
• (Published for the traveling exhibition of Lombardi's work, Mark Lombardi Global Networks).

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75. (October 24, 2000). "Oct. 24, 2000: 3 unsolved slayings link police, mob crews".
76. (September 2016). "FBI seeks info 10 years after Chicago mob boss Anthony Zizzo vanished".
77. "United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Vito Caliendo, Susan Barker, Salvatore Cataudella and Thomasstathas, Defendants-appellants, 910 F.2d 429 (7th Cir. 1990)".
78. "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, and LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA by and through ROBERT LUSKIN, in his official capacity as General Executive Board Attorney, Plaintiffs, V. CONSTRUCTION & GENERAL LABORERS' DISTRICT COUNCIL OF CHICAGO AND VICINITY, an affiliated entity of the Laborers' International Union of North America, Defendant.". Laborers for JUSTICE.
79. "I-Team Report: The Mob's Babysitter".
80. (10 May 2019). "As underworld workforce ages, John "Pudgy" Matassa claims he's sickly in move for sentencing delay". ABC7 Chicago.
81. (December 6, 2020). "Peter DiFronzo, brother of Chicago Outfit boss, dies from coronavirus". Chicago Sun Times.
82. (October 14, 2009). "Another Chicago Mobster Goes Down for Tax Evasion".
83. "Web Exclusive: Mob's Rudy no role model".
84. (May 11, 2017). "Chicago mobster stiffs feds on restitution, suggests he's being gouged".
85. (2023). "The Golden Touch In Cicero: New Power Player, Louie Rainone, Emerges In Chicago Mob Circles, Per Sources". Gangster Report.
86. (7 August 2012). "Five men wanted in jewelry store beating, robbery". ABC7 Chicago.
87. Kass, John. (July 27, 1999). "The Nose Shows Almost Anything Goes Under Daley Watch".
88. (3 October 2005). "The Lost Don: When FBI agents showed up last spring to arrest the Chicago mob boss Joey "The Clown" Lombardo, there was a problem: he wasn't there, and he hadn't been seen since. But Lombardo is more than a vanishing act. He's one of a vanishing breed—a last link to the Chicago Outfit's blood-spattered heyday.". Chicago magazine.
89. "UNITED STATES v. DAMICO (1996)".
90. "REPUTED MOBSTER GETS PRISON TERM".
91. "Mob figure denies dealings with Blagojevich".
92. "United States v. Salerno".
93. "United States v. Marino, 835 F. Supp. 1501 (N.D. Ill. 1993)".
94. "ChicagoOutfit".
95. "Sucker's Bets: Murder & Intrigue on the Good Ship Lollipop".
96. "Judge refuses to release reputed mobsters afraid of AIDS".
97. Meisner, Jason. (February 3, 2016). "Reputed mob debt collector's recordings read like low-grade gangster script".
98. "Reputed Chicago mobster gets 3 1/2 years in prison".
99. "Alleged Attempts to Collect Debts Lead to Extortion Charges Against Nine Chicago Men".
100. "Reputed mobster Paul Carparelli's sentencing delayed".
101. "Feds Accuse Alleged Extortionist Of Threatening Witness".
102. "Mob enforcer sentenced to 3 1/2 years in prison for threats".
103. (1962). "Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs". United States Bureau of Narcotics.
104. (1964). "Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics: Hearings Before ..., Parts 1-5". By United States. Congress. Senate. Committee.
105. "Verdict in Chicago Beating Case".
106. Hilkevitch, Jon. (June 30, 1993). "2 In Urso Beating Convicted of Battery".
107. (April 29, 2000). "7 Men Accused of Running Chicago-Area Sports Bookmaking Business".
108. "United States v. Dote".
109. "7 charged in sports betting ring".
110. "Ferriola gets 3 years". Chicago Sun-Times.
111. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230514094522/https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-frontier-1 United States v. Frontier] [[Casetext]] (March 22, 2023)
112. "Jaws takes a bite". Rich Miller.
113. (August 11, 2013). "Convicted felon Giorango faces losing old town apartment building".
114. "Giannoulias' Family Bank Loaned Money to Felons: Report".
115. (August 4, 2008). "The Case Against Barack Obama: The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media's Favorite Candidate". David Freddoso.
116. (May 20, 2013). "Amid loan dispute, Giorango seeks sanctuary in bankruptcy". Abraham Tekippe.
117. (April 19, 2005). "Local mob boss dies in prison".
118. O'Connor, Matt. (April 20, 2000). "Prison Term in Cicero Ghost-Payroll Case".
119. (March 19, 2019). "Mob-Connected Chicago Union Boss Pleads Guilty to Embezzlement".
120. (May 10, 2019). "As underworld workforce ages, John "Pudgy" Matassa claims he's sickly in move for sentencing delay".
121. (July 15, 2019). ""Pudgy" the mobster asks for health mercy in embezzlement case".
122. "Reputed mob figure of Chicago Outfit given 6 months for embezzling".
123. "United States v. Mitria (1:05-cr-00438)".
124. "FENCING OPERATION'S SCOPE STUNS HILLARD".
125. "POLICE PLAN TO DISCLOSE DETAILS ON SEIZED GOODS".
126. (October 7, 2020). "Chicago mob's 'Marlborough Man' Jerry Scalise wants out of sentence early".
127. (March 2, 1993). "Mob Gambling Figure Sentenced".
128. "14 DEFENDANTS INDICTED FOR ALLEGED ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES; "CHICAGO OUTFIT" NAMED AS RICO ENTERPRISE IN FOUR-DECADE CONSPIRACY ALLEGING 18 MOB MURDERS AND 1 ATTEMPTED MURDER".
129. (June 24, 2020). "Chicago Outfit boss Jimmy 'The Man' Marcello wants life sentence tossed".
130. (February 5, 2009). "Another Chicago Mobster Gets Life in Prison".
131. (January 8, 2019). "Alleged Chicago Outfit soldier sentenced to 18 years in ...".
132. (January 8, 2019). "Reputed Outfit mobster gets 18 years for robbing drug stash house".
133. (September 28, 2019). "Reputed Outfit mobster gets 14 years for terrorizing suburban man over loan debt".
134. "UNITED STATES of America v. Louis MARINO.".
135. "Eight indicted in clandestine Chicago bookmaking ring".
136. "Jewel thieves, 71 and 73, held over alleged plot on US bank".
137. "Joseph J. Scalise, 42, a suspect in a $3.5".
138. "Father and Son Operators of Elgin Adult Entertainment Club and Internet Gambling Business Sentenced to Prison Terms for Concealing More Than $4.6 Million of Income from the IRS".
139. "Feds Eye Who's Who in Sandoval Case".
140. "Jury deciding reputed mob associate's fate in colorful".
141. "Pal of Outfit boss gets 4 years for extortion".
142. "Mob associate gets 4 years in prison for plotting to break".
143. "Suburban Chicago Man Sentenced to a Year and a Half in Federal Prison for Conducting Illegal Sports Gambling Business".
144. "Judge gives 18 months in prison to ‘Uncle Mick,’ who feds say ran massive Chicago-area gambling ring".
145. "Judge Gives 18 Months in Prison to ‘Uncle Mick,' Who Feds Say Ran Massive Chicago-Area Gambling Ring".
146. "UNITED STATES v. DEL GIUDICE (2022)".
147. "Vincent Delgiudice, Charged With Casey Urlacher In Illegal Sports Gambling Operation, Pleads Guilty".
148. "Orland Park man, known as 'Uncle Mick,' sentenced to 18 months for running massive sports gambling ring".
149. (February 25, 2025). "Man with mob ties dodged taxes, married girlfriend to block her testimony, feds say".
150. "Village Gives Convicted Mob Bookmaker Job With Public Works".
151. (October 11, 2019). "Chicago Man Charged with Conducting Illegal Sports Gambling Business".
152. (October 11, 2019). "Chicago Man Charged With Running Illegal Sports Gambling Business".
153. (March 12, 2024). "Sweepstakes Operator's Extortion Trial Sinks when 'Organized Crime' Mentioned".
154. (March 25, 2024). "Charges dropped in federal juice loan extortion case that had roots in Chicago mob probe".
155. [https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/09/21/mob-convict-charged-in-1987-slaying/ Mob Convict Charged In 1987 Slaying] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (September 21, 1993) {{Webarchive. link. (October 18, 2025)
156. "ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS INTERNET INMATE STATUS".
157. "Gio v. United States, 969 F. Supp. 512 (N.D. Ill. 1997)".
158. [https://www.idoc.state.il.us/subsections/search/inms_print.asp?idoc=N40477 Internet Inmate Status: Nicholas Gio] [[Illinois Department of Corrections]] (October 18, 2025)
159. Burnstein, Scott. (August 31, 2015). "GR Exclusive: Feds Eager To Get Chicago's Team Hollingshead To Turn On Vena, Assert Sources".
160. "Illinois Department of Corrections - Inmate Search".
161. (February 22, 2007). "Lombardo brother gets probation in tax fraud".
162. (2016). "We Did What?! Offensive and Inappropriate Behavior in American History". Abc-Clio.
163. (February 16, 2015). "Jury convicts Carol Stream executive in extortion case".
164. (April 7, 2015). "Suburban dad gets 4 years for acting as middleman in extortion racket".
165. "North Suburban Man Sentenced to a Year in Federal Prison for Illegal Sports Bookmaking and Tax Offenses".
166. "North Shore butcher who made $3.7M from illegal gambling business gets one year in prison".
167. "Highwood butcher pleads guilty to running multimillion".
168. "UNITED STATES v. Domenic Poeta, Third-Party Respondent-Appellant. (2010)".
169. (October 6, 2021). "Outlaws' Mark Polchan has sentence cut in half, now must serve 30 years in prison".
170. "Outlaw biker gets 60 years".
171. "Seven Defendants Indicted in Alleged Racketeering Conspiracy for Roles in Regional Robberies, Berwyn Pipe-Bombing, Illegal Gambling, and Obstruction of Justice Involving Two Suburban Cops".
172. (December 22, 2010). "'Large Guy' Convicted In Chicago Mob Trial".
173. (October 27, 2017). "Former Las Vegas strip club mogul sent back to prison".
174. (December 3, 2021). "Burr Ridge Mishandled Restaurant's Liquor License: Ex-Official".
175. "FindLaw's Appellate Court of Illinois case and opinions".
176. (November 17, 2015). "Pal of Outfit boss gets 4 years for extortion".
177. "Ex-Ill. Police Chief Sentenced in Scam".
178. reporter, Matt O'Connor, Tribune staff. (January 3, 2003). "2 get prison sentence in Cicero kickbacks".
179. "Only in Cicero? Convicted ex-police chief pins badge on son".
180. "Jailed ex-top cop gets boost".
181. "Man Jailed in Cicero, Ill., Swindle".
182. "Prison for 2 in Cicero scheme".
183. "Ill. Officials Must Forfeit Cash, Land".
184. "Town President Is Convicted In Scheme to Steal $12 Million".
185. "Berwyn Businessman Arrested on Federal Illegal Gambling and Tax Fraud Charges; Added as Eighth Defendant in New Indictment".
186. "Video poker king gets three-plus years in prison".
187. "Chicago's 2 gang stories: The wrong one gets all the outrage".
188. "Chicago Outfit ‘Video Poker King’ Arrested for Burglarizing Wealthy Restaurateur".
189. "Once portrayed as mob's video gambling kingpin, Casey Szaflarski arrested in burglary of restaurateur's home".
190. [https://abc7.com/archive/7790619/ Feds start trial against Outfit, bike gang members] [[ABC 7 (Chicago). ABC 7]] (November 16, 2010)
191. (May 29, 2009). "Reputed Chicago mobster, cop, 5 others indicted".
192. "SEVEN DEFENDANTS INDICTED IN ALLEGED RACKETEERING CONSPIRACY FOR ROLES IN REGIONAL ROBBERIES, BERWYN PIPE-BOMBING, ILLEGAL GAMBLING AND OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE INVOLVING TWO SUBURBAN COPS".
193. "UNITED STATES v. VOLPENDESTO".
194. "USA v. Anthony Volpendesto, No. 11-3022 (7th Cir. 2014)".
195. Burnstein, Scott. (January 7, 2023). "The State Of The Mob In Chicago: Winds Of Change Blowing In Windy City "Outfit," Solly D, Jimmy I Preparing For Syndicate's Future". The Gangster Report.
196. (August 14, 2024). "Chicago mob boss Joe 'The Sledgehammer' Andriacchi dies at 91, sources tell I-Team".
197. Burnstein, Scott. (February 16, 2017). "Chicago Policy Wars: The Outfit Numbers Takeover Timeline – Momo Makes Good".
198. Sokol, Tony. (October 4, 2020). "Fargo Season 4: The Gang War Between The Chicago Outfit and The Policy Kings".
199. (June 21, 1951). "Cops Seek Roe Case Angles At Caifano's Wake". [[Chicago Tribune]].
200. (August 18, 1952). "Lucky Ted". [[Time (magazine).
201. [https://www.chicagotribune.com/2000/06/24/james-diforti-55-ex-official-of-labor-union/ James DiForti, 55, Ex-Official of Labor Union] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (June 24, 2000) {{Webarchive. link. (April 4, 2024)
202. "Meeting with a mob enforcer".
203. (August 20, 1993). "Infelice Plays Tough Guy In Court". [[Chicago Tribune]].
204. (March 10, 1992). "Infelice And 3 Others Found Guilty By Jury". [[Chicago Tribune]].
205. (July 26, 2005). "Mobster Ernest Rocco Infelise dead at 82".
206. (22 November 2001). "Mob boss gunned down in Lyons". [[Chicago Tribune]].
207. [https://aboutthemafia.com/midwest-mafia-on-last-leg-with-passing-of-jospeh-caminiti/ Midwest Mafia on last leg with passing of Joseph Caminiti] Dimaiolo Santolo, ''About the Mafia'' (July 1, 2014) {{Webarchive. link. (May 31, 2025)
208. Burnstein, Scott. (May 16, 2017). "Last Of G.S. Lollipop Crew To Leave Lockup, Chicago Outfit Soldier Bobby Salerno Due Out Of Prison This Week".
209. [https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-7th-circuit/1316784.html United States of America v. Robert Salerno] [[FindLaw]] (March 4, 1997) {{Webarchive. link. (June 5, 2025)
210. [https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/167723238/ Unmoved by mobster's plea, judge gives him life in prison] Matt O'Connor, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (October 7, 1995)
211. Burnstein, Scott. (January 17, 2023). "Requiem For An Outfit Heavyweight: Chicago Mobster Bobby Salerno Passes Away Peacefully In AZ, Convicted Killer Trained Boxing Champs".
212. (June 14, 1976). "Organized Crime Spreads To Fast-Growing Arizona".
213. "452 F. 2d 274 - United States v. Cerone".
214. (2014). "C-1 and the Chicago Mob". Vincent L. Inserra.
215. (October 8, 1975). "Car Blast Kills Witness".
216. (1978). ["Tagging of explosives: hearings before the Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, first session -second session on S. 2013 ...., Part 1". United States. Congress. Senate. Committee.
217. "40 years later: Who murdered reporter Don Bolles?". Jon Talton.
218. (2013). "The Mafia: A Guide to an American Subculture: A Guide to an American Subculture". Nate Hendley.
219. (April 8, 2016). "Mob debt collector's cooperation pays off with light sentence".
220. (February 3, 2016). "Reputed mob debt collector's recordings read like low-grade gangster script".
221. (December 22, 1973). "Lawman Who Joined Mobsters Is Gunned to Death in Chicago".
222. "Salvatore Giancana and Richard Cain".
223. (October 26, 1983). "A judge refused Wednesday to dismiss murder charges against...". upi.com.
224. (2007). "Cullotta: The Life of a Chicago Criminal, Las Vegas Mobster and Government Witness". Huntington Press In.
225. John Przybys. (August 20, 2020). "Ex-mobster Frank Cullotta, crony of Tony Spilotro, dies in Las Vegas".
226. (July 12, 2013). "30 Years Later, Mob Hitmen Murders Remain Unsolved".
227. "Two mob hitmen found killed and stuffed in car".
228. "Tokyo Joe".
229. "The mob in the burbs". Robert McCoppin.
230. "United States v. Marino, 835 F. Supp. 1501 (N.D. Ill. 1993)".
231. "Ex-con with past ties to Des Plaines no longer allowed in casinos". Rob Olmstead.
232. (February 15, 1990). "Illinois GOP Official Denies Claim He Received Bribes".
233. "Illinois Republican Leaders Urge Cook County Chairman to Quit". The Washington Post.
234. (December 19, 2014). "Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality". [[Dick Simpson (politician).
235. (February 8, 1990). "20 Chicagoans Accused of Being Top Mobsters Indicted : Mafia: The charges include murder, extortion and bribery. The case is believed to be the first round in a massive probe of organized crime.".
236. "United States of America, Petitioner-appellee, v. Leonard Patrick, Respondent-appellant, 542 F.2d 381 (7th Cir. 1976)".
237. "xi. Leonard Patrick". Alderson Reporting Company Inc..
238. (February 25, 2021). "The Murder Chicago Didn't Want to Solve".
239. [https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/the-chicago-mafia The Chicago Mafia: Down but Not Out] [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (June 27, 2011) {{Webarchive. link. (May 6, 2017)
240. link. (May 23, 2025)
241. [https://www.nbcchicago.com/investigations/is-the-mob-still-active-in-chicago-yes-but-its-not-what-you-might-expect/3746570/ Is the mob still active in Chicago? Yes, but it's not what you might expect] Chuck Goudie, Lisa Capitanini and Katy Smyser, [[NBC Chicago]] (May 15, 2025) {{Webarchive. link. (May 23, 2025)
242. Burnstein, Scott. (June 10, 2020). "Downfall Of Chicago Mob’s Chicago Heights Crew Can Be Traced Back To Northwest Indiana".
243. [https://gangsterreport.com/a-chicago-mob-summer-outfit-don-solly-d-cicero-crew-power-paulie-c-entourage-descend-on-taylor-st-for-italian-festival/ A Chicago Mob Summer: Outfit Don Solly D, Cicero Crew Power Paulie C & Entourage Descend On Taylor St. For Italian Festival] Scott Burnstein, ''The Gangster Report'' (August 16, 2024)
244. [https://ganglandwire.com/ken-eto-and-the-chicago-outfit/ Ken Eto and the Chicago Outfit] Gary Jenkins, ''Gangland Wire'' (January 18, 2022) {{Webarchive. link. (May 24, 2025)
245. (May 16, 1920). "All Classes Mingle At Colosimo Funeral; Politicians, Business Men Gunmen and a Judge Pall Bearersfor Murdered Cafe Keeper". [[The New York Times]].
246. Rumore, Kori. (May 11, 1925). "Today in Chicago History: 'Big' Jim Colosimo gunned down". [[Chicago Tribune]].
247. (July 2, 1928). "Police Shake-Up Near After 3 Die In Gang Feuds". [[Brooklyn Daily Times]].
248. (December 27, 1929). "Racketeers' Murders Attributed To Feuds; Chicago Gunmen Were Named in Yale's Death--Terranova Questioned in Marlow Case". [[The New York Times]].
249. (September 26, 1950). "Ex-Detective Slain; Figure In Ragen Case". [[The New York Times]].
250. Grossman, Ron. (April 13, 2019). "The crooked cops, beleaguered state’s attorney and gangland killings of 1950 Chicago". [[Chicago Tribune]].
251. (February 8, 1952). "Chicago Murder Tied To Thugs In Politics". [[The New York Times]].
252. Doherty, James. (August 23, 1953). "Who Killed McSwiggin, and Why?". [[Chicago Tribune]].
253. (August 11, 1952). "Gangland Purge In Chicago". [[The Examiner (Tasmania).
254. "JFK Assassination System".
255. "Joey Glimco Sought for Questioning in the Killing of Charles Gioe (Aug. 1954)".
256. "EX-CAPONE MOBSTER IS SLAIN IN CHICAGO".
257. "23 Aug 1954 - Capone Man Dies As Gang Guns Blaze - Trove".
258. "Blast in Truck Kills Willie Bioff, Once, Hollywood Racket Leader; Ex-Labor Extortionist Is Slain in Gangster Fashion Outside His Home in Phoenix Blast in Truck Kills Willie Bioff, Once Hollywood Racket Leader".
259. "CAPONE GANG AIDE SLAIN IN CHICAGO; Alex Louis Greenberg Felled by 2 Gunmen -- Financial Adviser to Crime 'Mob'".
260. "Contractor Cleared of Link In Slaying of Leon Marcus".
261. "Leon Marcus hitter hit April 20 1957".
262. "EX-BANKER IS SLAIN".
263. "Banker Leon Marcus Shot and Killed on a One-Way Ride (Apr. 1, 1957)".
264. "Salv a Moretti, driver for Sam G., killed, sutffed in trunk".
265. "Murdering the Mayor of Paradise".
266. "The Arizona Republic from Phoenix, Arizona • Page 1".
267. "9/12/4/6 Chicago File #62–3679-1346".
268. "United States of America Ex Rel. Roger Touhy, Relator-appellee, v. Joseph E. Ragen, Warden, Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet, Illinois, Respondent-appellant, 224 F.2d 611 (7th Cir. 1955)".
269. "In the End, the Sentence Was Death; THE STOLEN YEARS. By Roger Touhy with Ray Brennan. Illustrated. 281 pp. Cleveland, Ohio.: Pennington Press. $4.50".
270. "Northwest Side mob boss Roger Touhy".
271. "Roger “The Terrible” Touhy".
272. "Michael J Urgo".
273. "1961 Ralph DelGenio Murder Page 1".
274. (2010). "The Chicago Way". Xlibris Corporation.
275. (July 30, 2003). "FBI digs not just for body, but for mob secrets too".
276. (August 6, 2003). "DNA test could have Outfit guys grinding teeth".
277. "Feds put price tags on mob murder victims".
278. (March 22, 2021). "The Curious Case of Bob Pronger: The Criminal NASCAR Driver Who Mysteriously Disappeared and Was Never Seen Again".
279. [https://gangsterreport.com/living-on-the-wild-side-the-wild-bunch-chicago-outfit-murder-timeline/ Living On The Wild Side: The Chicago Outfit’s “Wild Bunch” Murder Timeline (1971-1981)] Scott Burnstein, ''The Gangster Report'' (June 3, 2020) {{Webarchive. link. (May 7, 2021)
280. [https://www.chicagotribune.com/1998/05/10/the-organization-man/ The Organization Man] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (May 10, 1998) {{Webarchive. link. (September 18, 2024)
281. "Reputed Gangster Is Slain".
282. "19720809 Fidanzi Murder".
283. [https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/fbe5c74c-d08c-468a-8fd2-d2b4695ac04e/1980047.htm The People of the State of Illinois vs. Harry Aleman] ''Illinois Courts'' (March 31, 2000) {{Webarchive. link. (January 16, 2025)
284. Wattley, Philip. (May 8, 1976). "Mob executions blamed for murder of 8 hoods". Chicago Tribune.
285. (September 3, 2021). "Allen Glick, ‘frontman for the Mob’ in Las Vegas who turned state witness and was portrayed in the film Casino – obituary". [[The Daily Telegraph]].
286. (May 13, 1975). "Casino Boss Killed". [[The Desert Sun]].
287. (January 17, 2024). "The Balistrieri Tapes, Part 11: "Lure of casino funds outweighed hatred"". [[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]].
288. (May 15, 2008). "Mob Ties". [[Las Vegas Sun]].
289. Kass, John. (May 3, 2009). "Mob killings leave unseen victims behind". [[Chicago Tribune]].
290. "Harry Holzer 06301975 Murder".
291. "Linda Turner Shooting".
292. "Chicago Tribune from Chicago, Illinois • 17".
293. "50 years later, John Drummond looks back on the murder of Chicago Outfit honcho Sam Giancana".
294. "Who killed infamous mob boss Sam Giancana? Hitman unmasked by NBC Chicago".
295. "Who killed Oak Park mobster Sam Giancana?".
296. "Inquiry Had Planned to Call Giancana".
297. "Who killed Sam Giancana? Answer to Chicago mob legend's mysterious murder".
298. [https://news3lv.com/features/video-vault/video-vault--tamara-rand-part-one--messing-with-the-mob Tamara Rand Part One: Messing with the Mob] [[KSNV]] (October 27, 2015) {{Webarchive. link. (June 30, 2025)
299. [https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1989/jun/22/cover-geography-san-diego-murders/ A Geography of San Diego Murders] Matt Potter, ''[[San Diego Reader]]'' (June 22, 1989) {{Webarchive. link. (June 30, 2025)
300. [https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2021/aug/06/ticker-allen-glick-and-killing-tamara-rand/ Allen Glick and the killing of Tamara Rand] Matt Potter, ''[[San Diego Reader]]'' (August 6, 2021) {{Webarchive. link. (June 30, 2025)
301. "Gebhart: Murder of ‘Buster’ Bufala remains a mystery".
302. "Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department".
303. (July 18, 2007). "Outfit insider recounts his 1st hit".
304. (July 13, 2006). "The Life and Death of the Deadliest Man Alive".
305. (August 17, 2009). "The Outfit: The Role Of Chicago's Underworld In The Shaping Of Modern America". Bloomsbury.
306. "Admitted killer implicates mob figure in crime ring".
307. "The mob gets star billing in Vegas".
308. "Ex Gangster Finally Comes To Terms with His Past".
309. "Old mobster is at peace with his past".
310. Burnstein, Scott. (May 17, 2017). "The Porn Shop Murder: 1970s Chicago Mob Associate Killed In Robbery, Vandalism Of His Adult Bookstore".
311. (September 9, 1988). "Body In Mob Grave Identified". [[Chicago Tribune]].
312. "19800528 Richard Kurowski Murder Dauber DeJesus".
313. "Court gets inside look at the mob".
314. "EX-CITY COUNSEL LOSES CASE, MILLION-DOLLAR FEE".
315. "EX-AIDE TO MAYOR IN HOT PURSUIT".
316. "FORMER CITY COUNSEL GIVES LAS VEGAS CASE A".
317. "Mob killer tells his side of story in book, trial testimony, at state museum".
318. "William Dauber 07031980 hit".
319. "Fugitive mobster captured in New York".
320. "FBI dusts off old, cold case of hit on hit-man".
321. "Jury convicts 3 mobsters in decades-old murders".
322. "Feds link 'Witherhand' Scalise to 6 mob hits".
323. "`Clown' missing from mob – Chicago Tribune".
324. "Feds put price tags on mob murder victims".
325. "Through the eyes of a 'hit man' — an interview with Harry Aleman".
326. "Decomposed body of reputed top mob boss identified".
327. "Article clipped from Chicago Tribune - Newspapers.com™".
328. "FBI HEARS OF LINKS TO DUPAGE KILLINGS".
329. "Reputed Mafia associate Joseph Testa had his right leg".
330. "Chicago mob suspected in car bomb murder".
331. "Mob hit man gets 12 years, 4 months".
332. "Hit man's son takes stand".
333. "Who shot Al Pilotto?".
334. "JAHODA DESCRIBES HOW BOOKIE WAS EXECUTED IN".
335. "EXCHANGE: Professor writes book on mobsters".
336. "MOB YACHT CLUB WAS SUBURBAN CASINO".
337. "Invisible Enterprise, Part 4 - The Most Abused, Misused Pension Fund in America".
338. "Gangland-Style Shooting in Chicago".
339. "DORFMAN, TEAMSTER ADVISER, SLAIN; FACED LONG TERM BRIBERY CASE".
340. "40 years later, gangland murder of Allen Dorfman in Lincolnwood remains unsolved".
341. "Lincolnwood's Purple Hotel witnessed gangland murder, end of Chicago mob era".
342. "SHERIFF'S DEPUTIES CHARGED IN CRIMES".
343. "AROUND THE NATION; Sheriff's Deputy Charged With Attempted Murder".
344. "30 Years Later, Mob Hitmen Murders Remain Unsolved".
345. "Two bodies were found Thursday night inside a car".
346. "Two mob hitmen found killed and stuffed in car".
347. "Jury Blames Murders on Mob Defendants".
348. "Anthony Crissie murder".
349. (February 8, 2020). "'Trunk music': The day the world changed for the Chicago mob".
350. "Betting Ring suspect Dead in Car Trunk," by Andrew Fegelman and Ronald Kozial, ''Chicago Tribune'', February 11, 1985.
351. "Ex-Rackets Boss Slain in Elmwood Park," ''Chicago Tribune'', February 14, 1985.
352. "Reputed mobster Charles English, 70, slain gangland style earlier".
353. "Missing Porn-Theater Owner Found Dead in Car Trunk" by Ray Gibson, ''Chicago Tribune'', July 27, 1985.
354. "POLICE LAWYERS URGE OUSTER OF COP QUIZZED IN".
355. "POLICE SAY EVANSTON SLAYING TIED TO GAMBLING".
356. "Family Secrets mobster moved to halfway house after serving time for murder linked to Chicago Outfit".
357. "Mobster sentenced to 20 years in Chicago case".
358. "Guilty verdicts for Chicago mob".
359. "LV junketeer slain mob-style".
360. "Aging mobster’s bid for early release denied".
361. "MOBSTER DEATH LINKED TO HIT ON SPILOTROS".
362. "'Operation Family Secrets' Inside the FBI that shattered the Chicago Outfit".
363. "HE KILLED 14 PEOPLE. HE GOT 12 YEARS.".
364. "Steven MANNING, Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant.".
365. "Body found in truck was mob victim".
366. "BUFFALO GROVE MURDER VICTIM LINKED TO".
367. "RIVER FOREST HAIRDRESSER`S SLAYING SOLVED".
368. "MOB CONVICT CHARGED IN 1987 SLAYING".
369. "SALONS` OWNER SHOT TO DEATH".
370. "DINNER RESERVATIONS BECOME ANOTHER".
371. "EX-BOOKIES KILLING MAY BE MESSAGE`".
372. "U.S. Has New Charges Against Exonerated Cop".
373. "People v. Manning, No. 81393 (4/16/98)".
374. "Two Ex-Cops -- One A Former Death Row Inmate -- Charged In Extortion, Murder Plot".
375. "Ex-cops planned to extort, butcher wealthy businessman, feds say".
376. "Exonerated ex-cop held in alleged plot".
377. "Former Chicago Officer Convicted in Murder Plot".
378. "REPUTED MOB FIGURE SLAIN IN MELROSE PARK".
379. "MAN HELD IN SLAYING OF MOBSTER".
380. "Sam Taglia murder".
381. "Traditinal Organized Crime in Chicago Journal Article 2.pdf...".
382. "RESTAURATEUR SET ABLAZE IN HIS CAFE".
383. "RESTAURATEUR WAS SHOT, AUTOPSY FINDS".
384. "Reputed mob figure found dead".
385. (July 1999). "Beating Case Is a Bizarre Tale of Mafiosi and a Racial Divide".
386. "'You didn’t See Nothin{{’}}' podcast revisits a 1997 Chicago hate crime and its aftermath".
387. "Chicago man acquitted of attempted murder".
388. "National News Briefs; Man Sentenced to 8 Years In Racial".
389. "Men avoid prison with guilty pleas in Chicago racial beating".
390. "Drug Ring Unearthed by Slaying Probe" by Eric Ferkenhoff and Cam Simpson, ''Chicago Tribune'', November 4, 2000.
391. "Grand jury lifting veil on unsolved mob hits – IPSN".
392. (June 6, 2018). "Mobster denied pardon by Trump takes gangland secrets to grave".
393. "Mob boss gunned down in Lyons".
394. "Mobster denied pardon by Trump takes gangland secrets to grave".
395. "Meeting with a mob enforcer".
396. "Trump shoots down clemency bid from reputed mob hit man near death".
397. "I-Team Report: 'Little Tony's' Last Ride".
398. "Little Tony's Big Mystery: Mob underboss Anthony Zizzo missing 12 years".
399. "Man Murdered In Wrigleyville Apartment Building".
400. (October 23, 1930). "The American Mafia – Joe Aiello". Onewal.com.