Chariton the Confessor

Life

Sources

We know about his vita from the 6th-century "Life of Chariton", written by an anonymous monk, which holds elements supported by modern archaeological excavations.

Early life

Chariton was a native of Iconium in the Byzantine province of Lycaonia. Under the reign of Emperor Aurelian (270–275) he was tortured during a persecution against Christians. Released from prison after Aurelian's death, he regretted not having died as a martyr.

Pharan near Jerusalem

After his release in 275, during a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and other holy places, Chariton was abducted by bandits and brought to a cave in the Pharan Valley (upper Wadi Qelt). The traditional account states that his abductors died by drinking wine that was poisoned by a snake. the first one of the lavra type.

Douka near Jericho

Later he moved to the Mount of Temptation near Jericho, where he established the lavra of Douka on the ruins of the Hasmonean and Herodian Dok Fortress.

Souka (Old Lavra at Tekoa)

After that, in about 345, he moved on to establish a third monastery in the Valley of Tekoa, named the Souka and later known as the Old Lavra. At an even later date, apparently after the Muslim conquest when the remains of Chariton were translated to the Old Lavra from the laura of Pharan, it became known as the monastery of Chariton, this name being preserved until this day in the Arabic name of the wadi (valley of a seasonal stream), Wadi Khureitun.

In all three locations his fame let Christians flock to learn from him, disturbing his solitude, which was the reason for him repeatedly moving on. At Souka he eventually relocated to a cave on a cliff near the centre of the lavra, known as the "Hanging Cave of Chariton" and whose remains have been discovered by Israeli archaeologist Yizhar Hirschfeld.

Legacy

The importance of Chariton lays mainly in the fact that he established by his own example the rules for monastic life in the Judaean desert, in the context of lavra-type monasteries. These rules became the main traits of monastic rule everywhere, based on asceticism and solitude: he lived in silence, only ate certain types of food and only after sundown, performed manual work, spent the night in an alternation of sleep and psalmody, prayed at fixed hours, stayed in his cell, and controlled his thoughts.

If Chariton is considered to be the founder of monasticism in the Judaean desert, his almost-contemporary Hilarion (c. 291–371), an anchorite who followed the example of his Egyptian mentor, Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), retreating to the wilderness in the coastal area near Gaza, is considered by his biographer Jerome to be the founder of Palestinian monasticism altogether.

According to tradition, Chariton was the one to compile the "Office of the Monastic Tonsure".

References

Bibliography

• Leah Di Segni: The Life of Chariton, in: Ascetic Behavior in Greco-Roman Antiquity: A Sourcebook (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity), Vincent L. Wimbush, Minneapolis 1990, , p. 393–421.
• Shehadeh, Raja: Palestinian Walks, pp. 136–7. Profile Books (2008),

References

1. "Sunday, September 28, 2003: [commemoration of] the Venerable Chariton the Confessor, Abbot of Palestine (350),...". St. Katherine the Great-Martyr Orthodox Mission.
2. Ryrie, Alexander "Sandy". (2011). "The Desert Movement: Fresh Perspectives on the Spirituality of the Desert". [[Hymns Ancient & Modern]] Ltd..
3. "Venerable Chariton the Confessor, Abbot of Palestine". [[Orthodox Church in America]] (OCA).
4. "Saint Chariton the Confessor". Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, official website.
5. Chariton decided to remain a hermit in the cave after this miraculous death of his abductors. There he built a church and established a monastery,[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]], Thomson Gale (2007): [http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dok Dok]
6. Tzamalikos, Panayiotis. (2012). "The Real Cassian Revisited: Monastic Life, Greek Paideia, and Origenism in the Sixth Century". Brill.
7. "Khirbet Khureitun - Chariton; Souka; Old Laura". [[The Hebrew University of Jerusalem]].
8. Butler, Richard Urban (1910). [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039a.htm "Laura"]. [[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Via newadvent.org. Accessed 2 Jul. 2019
9. Bar, Doron. (January 2005). "Rural Monasticism as a Key Element in the Christianization of Byzantine Palestine". [[Harvard Theological Review]].
10. {{Cite EB1911. Edward Cuthbert. Butler