Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada

History

The office of chairman has existed since the ratification of the Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on January 30, 1937. Mykhailo Burmystenko, who was appointed on January 30, 1937, was the inaugural holder of the office. The post replaced the existing position of a chairman of Central Executive Committee (1917–37). Along with the chairman, from 1937 to 1996 Verkhovna Rada was also governed by the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada that consisted of about 20 members.

There have been 18 Chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada since 1927. Until Ukraine's independence in 1991, it was titled as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.

Mission and authority

According to Article 88 of the Ukrainian Constitution, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada is allowed to:

1. preside over meetings of parliament;
2. organize work of the Verkhovna Rada and coordinate its activities;
3. sign and promulgate acts adopted by the Verkhovna Rada;
4. represent the parliament in relation with other bodies of state power of Ukraine and with the bodies of power of other states;
5. organize the work of the staff of the parliament.

The chairman is also allowed to call special sessions of parliament, enact bills vetoed by the president only when the Verkhovna Rada votes to overcome the veto by a two-thirds majority, and participate in meetings of the National Security and Defence Council.

The chairman and his two assistants (deputy chairmen) cannot head factions of deputies.

Head of state

The Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada is designated as the first in the order of succession to the presidency, with limited authority (1992–1996, 2004–2010, and 2014-Present) while new presidential elections are conducted. While the chairman serves as acting president, he is barred from taking the following actions:

• disbanding the parliament;
• appointing or submitting candidates for parliamentary approval of government posts;
• granting military ranks or state orders;
• exercising the right of pardon.

Succession

No provisions for presidential succession are explicitly proscribed in case both the president's and chairman's positions are vacant. However, in case of vacancy of the post of Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada, it is filled by deputies of the chairman.

During the Soviet era, there was one more post known as the chairman of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR who was de jure head of state; the de facto head of state was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

List of chairmen

Main article: List of chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada

Special state privileges

All former chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada receive special state privileges. After the completion of their tenure, former chairmen are provided with an office in the parliament's building, an official government car and an adviser and an aide at state expense.

The respective decree #296 was signed by Volodymyr Lytvyn as early as on June 7, 2006 – a month before he was dismissed from the post of Parliament's Speaker. After three years since its adoption, Verkhovna Rada officials kept silent about the law, after which it was made public by an article in the DELO newspaper in mid-May 2009.

References

References

1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180514190513/http://argumentua.com/stati/tsena-parlamentarizma-naskolko-effektivno-i-prozrachno-verkhovnaya-rada-tratit-dengi Price of parliamentarism: how effective and transparent Verkhovna Rada spends money (Цена парламентаризма: насколько эффективно и прозрачно Верховная Рада тратит деньги)]. Agumentua. 14 May 2018
2. [http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/yanukovych-signs-law-on-open-voting-to-elect-parliamentary-chairman-316360.html Yanukovych signs law on open voting to elect parliamentary chairman], [[Kyiv Post]] (19 November 2012)
3. [http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/13/us-ukraine-parliament-idUSBRE8BC0NH20121213 Ukraine parliament elects speaker after brawls], [[Reuters]] (13 December 2012)
4. (8 October 2021). "Stefanchuk Of Ukraine's Ruling Party Becomes New Parliament Speaker". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
5. "Article 88". [[Wikisource]].
6. "Article 83". [[Wikisource]].
7. "Article 107". [[Wikisource]].
8. [http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/85569/ Rada amends regulations of its activities], [[Kyiv Post]] (October 8, 2010)
9. "Article 112". [[Wikisource]].
10. [http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-315588.html Lytvyn makes himself well-provided till end of life], [[UNIAN]] (May 15, 2009)