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Ceruletide

Chemical compound

Ceruletide

Chemical compound

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Ceruletide (INN), also known as cerulein or caerulein, is a ten amino acid oligopeptide that stimulates smooth muscle and increases digestive secretions. Ceruletide is similar in action and composition to cholecystokinin. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. It is used to induce pancreatitis in experimental animal models.

The tree frog ''Ranoidea caerulea'', formerly named ''Hyla caerulae''.

Ceruletide was discovered and its structure elucidated in 1967 by Australian and Italian scientists from dried skins of the Australian green tree frog (Ranoidea caerulea, formerly Hyla caerulea). Its amino acid sequence is Pglu-Gln-Asp-Tyr[SO3H]-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2.

Induction of pancreatitis

Ceruletide upregulates pancreatic acinar cell intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) proteins through intracellular upregulation of NF-κB. Surface ICAM-1 in turn promotes neutrophil adhesion onto acinar cells enhancing pancreatic inflammation. In addition to promoting the inflammatory cell reaction to acinar cells, ceruletide induces pancreatitis through dysregulation of digestive enzyme production and cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading to acinar cell death and pancreatic edema. Ceruletide also activates NADPH oxidase, a source of reactive oxygen species contributing to inflammation, as well as the Janus kinase/signal transducer, another inflammation inducer.

References

References

  1. (September 1967). "Isolation and structure of caerulein, an active decapeptide from the skin of Hyla caerulea". Experientia.
  2. (May 1968). "Occurrence of caerulein in extracts of the skin of Hyla caerulea and other Australian hylids". British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy.
  3. (October 2000). "Cerulein upregulates ICAM-1 in pancreatic acinar cells, which mediates neutrophil adhesion to these cells". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.
  4. (September 2008). "Cerulein pancreatitis: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis". Gut and Liver.
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