Cefprozil

Adverse effects

Although there is a widely quoted cross-allergy risk of 10% between cephalosporins and penicillin, research has shown no increased risk for cross-allergy for cefprozil and several other second-generation or later cephalosporins. The most common side effects were increased hepatic lab values (including AST and ALGT), dizziness, eosinophilia, diaper rash and superinfection, genital pruritus, vaginitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance

Currently, bacteria like Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant to cefprozil, while Salmonella enterica serotype Agona and streptococci are susceptible to cefprozil. Some bacteria like Brucella abortus, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae have developed resistance towards cefprozil in varying degrees. Detailed minimum inhibition concentration information is given by the Cefprozil Susceptibility and Resistance Data sheet.

Synthesis

Displacement of the allylic chloride in intermediate (1) with triphenylphosphine gives the phosphonium salt (2). This functionality is then converted to its ylide; condensation with acetaldehyde then leads to the vinyl derivative (3); deprotection then gives cefprozil. Semisynthetic oral cephalosporin consisting of ~90:10 Z/E isomeric mixture.

References

References

1. "Cefzil (cefprozil) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more".
2. (2006). "Analogue-based Drug Discovery". John Wiley & Sons.
3. (11 September 2018). "Determination That CEFZIL (Cefprozil) Tablets, 250 Milligrams and 500 Milligrams, and for Oral Suspension, 125 Milligrams/5 Milliliters and 250 Milligrams/5 Milliliters, Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness". [[National Archives]].
4. "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs".
5. "Cefzil® (CEFPROZIL) Prescribing Facts". Bristol Myers Squibb.
6. (February 2006). "Cephalosporins can be prescribed safely for penicillin-allergic patients". The Journal of Family Practice.
7. "Cefprozil Susceptibility and Resistance Data".
8. {{cite patent
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