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Carboxylesterase

Class of enzymes

Summary

Class of enzymes

FieldValue
Namecarboxylesterase
EC_number3.1.1.1
CAS_number9016-18-6
GO_code0004091

The enzyme carboxylesterase (or carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1; systematic name carboxylic-ester hydrolase) catalyzes reactions of the following form:

:a carboxylic ester + H2O \rightleftharpoons an alcohol + a carboxylate

Most enzymes from this group are serine hydrolases belonging to the superfamily of proteins with α/β hydrolase fold. Some exceptions include an esterase with β-lactamase-like structure ().

Carboxylesterases are widely distributed in nature, and are common in mammalian liver. Many participate in phase I metabolism of xenobiotics such as toxins or drugs; the resulting carboxylates are then conjugated by other enzymes to increase solubility and eventually excreted. The essential polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA C20H32O2; 20:4, n-6), formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid (LA: C18H32O2 18:2, n-6), has a role as a human carboxylesterase inhibitor.

The carboxylesterase family of evolutionarily related proteins (those with clear sequence homology to each other) includes a number of proteins with different substrate specificities, such as acetylcholinesterases.

Examples

  • acetylcholinesterase
  • ali-esterase,
  • B-esterase,
  • butyrate esterase,
  • butyryl esterase,
  • carboxylesterase 1
  • carboxylesterase 2
  • carboxylesterase 3
  • esterase A,
  • esterase B,
  • esterase D,
  • methylbutyrase,
  • methylbutyrate esterase,
  • monobutyrase,
  • procaine esterase,
  • propionyl esterase,
  • triacetin esterase,
  • vitamin A esterase, and
  • cocaine esterase

The last enzyme also participates in alkaloid biosynthesis.

Genes

Humans genes that encode carboxylesterase enzymes include:

  • CES1
  • CES2
  • CES3
  • CES4
  • CES7
  • CES8

An approved nomenclature has been established for the five mammalian carboxylesterase gene families.

References

References

  1. (2014). "The Catalytic Mechanism of Carboxylesterases. A Computational Study.". Biochemistry.
  2. PubChem. "Arachidonic acid".
  3. (2010). "Recommended nomenclature for five mammalian carboxylesterase gene families: human, mouse, and rat genes and proteins". Mamm. Genome.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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