Campanian

Etymology

The Campanian was introduced in scientific literature by Henri Coquand in 1857. It is named after the French village of Champagne in the department of Charente-Maritime. The original type locality was a series of outcrops near the village of Aubeterre-sur-Dronne in the same region.

Definition

The base of the Campanian Stage is defined as a place in the stratigraphic column where the extinction of crinoid species Marsupites testudinarius is located. A GSSP was ratified for the base of the Campanian in October 2022, having been placed in Bottaccione, Gubbio, Italy. The top of the Campanian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column where the ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus first appears.

Subdivisions

The Campanian can be subdivided into Lower, Middle and Upper Subages. In the western interior of the United States, the base of the Middle Campanian is defined as the first occurrence of the ammonite Baculites obtusus (80.97 Ma) and the base of the Upper Campanian defined as the first occurrence of the ammonite Didymoceras nebrascense (76.27 Ma). In the Tethys domain, the Campanian encompasses six ammonite biozones. They are, from young to old:

• zone of Nostoceras hyatti
• zone of Didymoceras chayennense
• zone of Bostrychoceras polyplocum
• zone of Hoplitoplacenticeras marroti / Hoplitoplacenticeras vari
• zone of Delawarella delawarensis
• zone of Placenticeras bidorsatum

Paleontology

Main article: :Category:Campanian life

During the Campanian age, a radiation among dinosaur species occurred. In North America, for example, the number of known dinosaur genera rises from four at the base of the Campanian to forty-eight in the upper part. This development is sometimes referred to as the "Campanian Explosion". However, it is not yet clear if the event is artificial, i.e. the low number of genera in the lower Campanian can be caused by a lower preservation chance for fossils in deposits of that age. The generally warm climates and large continental area covered in shallow sea during the Campanian probably favoured the dinosaurs. In the following Maastrichtian stage, the number of North American dinosaur genera found is 30% less than in the upper Campanian.

References

References

1. (2023). "Carbon isotopes, palynology and stratigraphy of the Santonian–Campanian boundary: The GSSP auxiliary sections, Seaford Head (England) and Bocieniec (Poland), and correlation between the Boreal and Tethyan realms". Cretaceous Research.
2. (1 February 2023). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Campanian Stage at Bottaccione (Gubbio, Italy) and its Auxiliary Sections: Seaford Head (UK), Bocieniec (Poland), Postalm (Austria), Smoky Hill, Kansas (U.S.A), Tepayac (Mexico)". Episodes.
3. "Campanian GSSP Ratified by IUGS". International Commission on Stratigraphy.
4. Odin, Gilles S.. (2001). "The global Campanian-Maastrichtian stage boundary". Episodes.
5. (2004). "A geologic time scale 2004". Cambridge University Press.
6. (2013). "Stratigraphic Landscape Analysis and geomorphological paradigms: Scandinavia as an example of Phanerozoic uplift and subsidence". [[Global and Planetary Change]].
7. (2010). "An early Campanian rocky shore at Ivö Klack, southern Sweden". Cretaceous Research.
8. (1996). "The Campanian Stage". Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre.
9. (2012-01-01). "Chapter 27 - Cretaceous". Elsevier.
10. (June 1991). "Ammonite scales for the Cretaceous system". Cretaceous Research.
11. See Weishampel ''et al.'' (2004)