Camisea Gas Project

History

In July 1981 the Peruvian government signed an oil contract for blocks 38 and 42 with Royal Dutch Shell. The contract covered approximately 20,000 km2 in the southern part of the Ucayali Basin. The Camisea gas fields were discovered in 1986 by Shell. By 1987, two non-associated natural gas fields, San Martín and Cashiriari, were approved economically feasible. In March 1988, the preliminary agreement on exploration was signed between Petroperú and Shell. However, the talks ended in August of that year without reaching a final agreement.

Shell and Petroperú signed the agreement for the assessment and development of the Camisea fields in March 1994. A consortium of Shell and Mobil started to develop the fields, but cancelled all projects in Peru in July 1998, due to political concerns. Six drilled wells and facilities went to the Peruvian State. For this reason, in May 1999, the Commission for the Promotion of Private Investment agrees to conduct a promotional process to develop the Camisea project through a scheme involving independent modules segmented business. In 1999, it adopted the Law No. 27133 with an assured supply of the domestic market by a "permanent horizon of 20 years." In late May 1999, the Special Committee of Camisea Project (CECAM) convened two international public tender for awarding the contract for the exploitation of Camisea, concessions and transport of liquids and gas from these fields to the coast and gas distribution in Lima and Callao.

In December 2000, contracts were signed for the project development with an international consortium which now includes of Pluspetrol (27.2%), Hunt Oil Company (25.2%) SK Corporation (17.6%), Repsol YPF (10%), Tecpetrol (10%), and Sonatrach (10%).{{Cite news |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110220003456/http://www.lngworldnews.com/peru-limits-amount-of-camisea-gas-output-eligible-for-lng-export/ |archive-date = 2011-02-20 |url-status = dead

The development plan was carried out under the government of President Alejandro Toledo and the gas fields became operational in August 2004.{{Cite web

Gas fields

The gas fields are located in Ucayali Basin. According to data verified by the international energy consulting firm Gaffney, Cline & Associates, the Camisea gas fields contain about 13.4 Tcuft of natural gas and 482 Moilbbl of natural gas liquids.

Pipelines

Two pipelines carry natural gas from the Camisea gas fields. The 540 km Camisea pipeline traverses through the steep Andes mountains, and terminates within the Paracas National Reservation (Ica Region) at the Pisco terminal. It passes through the Malvinas plant, where liquefied petroleum gas (propane and heavier liquids) is separated from natural gas. The pipeline has capacity of 450 Mcuft/d. The second 714 km natural gas pipeline runs from Malvinas along the coast to Lima and Callao for distribution to residents and industries in the capital city. LPG is exported through the Pisco terminal. This pipeline system is operated by Transportadora de Gas Peruano, a consortium of Tecgas, Pluspetrol, Hunt Oil Company, SK Corporation, Sonatrach and Grana y Montero.

In April 2007, Suez Energy and Kuntur Gas Transport unveiled rival proposals for pipelines to carry Camisea gas to southern Peru.

Controversy

Law 27133 was amended by Supreme Decree 050-2005, 006-2006 and 031-2004, both given by the Ministry of Energy and Mines. Those rules were signed by Alejandro Toledo, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and Jaime Quijandria. This conduct would be unconstitutional because the President would have issued a Supreme Decree (No. 050-2005 and 006-2006) in open distortion of the law (Law 27,133), thus violating Article 118 (paragraph 8) of the Constitution, rule setting corresponding to the president, exercising the power of regulating laws without violating or distorting. For the above irregularities are accused former officials of the crimes of extortion, collusion, unfair and abuse of authority.

Under Article 384 of the Criminal Code sets out the demand-MEM-which makes the proper functional performance of public officials, is to ensure that interests of the State ", but" the conduct of former president and former minister (Clodomiro Sanchez) to allow modification of operation contracts for Block 88 that rule violated the Criminal Code. Under Article 376 of the Penal Code, abusive behavior is to violate the normative basis using the position that the subject (official) supports. This is arbitrary distorting an Act (27 133) through a Supreme Decree (050-2005 and 006-2006).

As of March 2006 there had been five spills along the pipeline. The latest one occurred on 4 March 2006, resulting in three injuries.

The UN has called for the "immediate suspension" of any plans to expand the Camisea Gas project, due to the high likelihood that by further intrusion into the Nahua-Nanti Reserve, several uncontacted and isolated tribes who live in the territory could be placed at risk of disease and death, as well as extreme scarcity brought on by disruption to game animals. The territory also serves as a buffer zone for Manu National Park, considered by UNESCO to be "the most biodiverse place on earth." Despite these concerns, an independent panel established by the Ex-Im Bank of the United States concluded, after five years of multi-disciplinary research, that the Camisea project has adhered to high environmental and social standards, and that its economic impact has been fundamental for Peru's economic growth.

References

References

1. (1999). "Peru: Reform and Privatization in the Hydrocarbon Sector". [[World Bank]].
2. (26 March 1994). "Peru, Shell Sign Accord to Study Gas Field". AP News.
3. El Comercio, [http://www.elcomercioperu.com.pe/EdicionOnline/Html/2006-03-05/onlPortada0467113.html ''Piden auditoría internacional para gasoducto de Camisea'']. March 3, 2006.
4. (19 April 2013). "'Worldwide protests to stop Amazon gas project expansion'". Survival International.
5. (January 2016). "Camisea Emerging Lessons in Development".