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Calidris

Genus of birds

Summary

Genus of birds

  • Philomachus Merrem, 1804
  • Ereunetes Illiger, 1811
  • Erolia Vieillot, 1816
  • Limicola Koch, 1816
  • Machetes Cuvier, 1817
  • Eurynorhynchus Nilsson, 1821
  • Crocethia Billberg, 1828
  • Canutus Brehm, 1831
  • Aphriza Audubon, 1839
  • Tryngites Cabanis, 1857
  • Micropalama Baird, 1858

Calidris is a genus of Arctic-breeding, strongly migratory wading birds in the family Scolopacidae. These birds form huge mixed flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter. Migratory shorebirds are shown to have declined in reproductive traits because of temporal changes of their breeding seasons. They are the typical "sandpipers", small to medium-sized, long-winged and relatively short-billed.

Their bills have sensitive tips which contain numerous corpuscles of Herbst. This enables the birds to locate buried prey items, which they typically seek with restless running and probing.

Taxonomy

The genus Calidris was introduced in 1804 by the German naturalist Blasius Merrem with the red knot as the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds.

Many of the species have been treated under other generic names at various times in the past, but these treatments leave Calidris polyphyletic; synonyms are in brackets in the list below.

The genus contain 24 species:

  • Great knot Calidris tenuirostris
  • Red knot Calidris canutus
  • Surfbird Calidris virgata (syn. Aphriza virgata)
  • Ruff Calidris pugnax (syn. Philomachus pugnax)
  • Broad-billed sandpiper Calidris falcinellus (syn. Limicola falcinellus)
  • Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata
  • Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus (syn. Micropalama himantopus)
  • Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (syn. Erolia ferruginea)
  • Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii
  • Long-toed stint Calidris subminuta
  • Spoon-billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea (syn. Eurynorhynchus pygmaeus)
  • Red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis
  • Sanderling Calidris alba (syn. Crocethia alba)
  • Dunlin Calidris alpina
  • Rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis
  • Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima
  • Baird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii
  • Little stint Calidris minuta
  • Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla
  • White-rumped sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis
  • Buff-breasted sandpiper Calidris subruficollis (syn. Tryngites subruficollis)
  • Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos
  • Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla (syn. Ereunetes pusillus)
  • Western sandpiper Calidris mauri

The following species-level cladogram is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by David Černý and Rossy Natale that was published in 2022. Some of the nodes are only weakly supported by the sequence data.

References

References

  1. . ["Scolopacidae"](https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=59). *The Trust for Avian Systematics*.
  2. (February 2018). "Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds". Journal of Avian Biology.
  3. (2005). "Functional association of bill morphology and foraging behaviour in calidrid sandpipers". Animal Biology.
  4. Merrem, Blasius. (8 June 1804). "Naturgeschichte". Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung.
  5. (1934). "Check-List of Birds of the World". Harvard University Press.
  6. Jobling, James A. (2010). "The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names". Christopher Helm.
  7. (2004-08-24). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology.
  8. (2012). "Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
  9. (2019). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". International Ornithologists' Union.
  10. (2022). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

calidris sandpipers bird-genera
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