Calhoun County, Alabama

History

Benton County was established on December 18, 1832, named for Thomas Hart Benton, a member of the United States Senate from Missouri. Its county seat was Jacksonville. Benton, an enslaver, was a political ally of John C. Calhoun, a U.S. senator from South Carolina, and also a slaveholder and planter. Through the 1820s-1840s, however, Benton's and Calhoun's political interests diverged. Calhoun was increasingly interested in using the threat of secession as a weapon to maintain and expand slavery throughout the United States. Benton, on the other hand, was slowly concluding that slavery was wrong and that the preservation of the union was paramount. On January 29, 1858, Alabama supporters of slavery, objecting to Benton's change of heart, renamed Benton County as Calhoun County.

During the Reconstruction era and widespread violence by whites to suppress black and white Republican voting in the state during the campaign for the 1870 gubernatorial election, four blacks and one white were lynched.

After years of controversy and a State Supreme Court ruling in June 1900, the county seat was moved to Anniston.

The county was hit by an F4 tornado during the 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak on March 27, 1994. Twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee counties, the tornado destroyed Piedmont's Goshen United Methodist Church.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 612 sqmi, of which 606 sqmi is land and 6.4 sqmi (1.0%) is water.

Adjacent counties

• Cherokee County - northeast
• Cleburne County - east
• Talladega County - south
• St. Clair County - west
• Etowah County - northwest

National protected areas

• Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge
• Talladega National Forest (part)

Transportation

Major highways

• [[Image:I-20 (AL).svg|20px]] Interstate 20
• [[Image:US 78.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 78
• [[Image:US 278.svg|23px]] U.S. Highway 278
• [[Image:US 431.svg|23px]] U.S. Highway 431
• [[Image:Alabama 9.svg|20px]] State Route 9
• [[Image:Alabama 21.svg|20px]] State Route 21
• [[Image:Alabama 144.svg|20px]] State Route 144
• [[Image:Alabama 200.svg|20px]] State Route 200
• [[Image:Alabama 202.svg|21px]] State Route 202
• [[Image:Alabama 204.svg|21px]] State Route 204
• [[Image:Alabama 301.svg|21px]] State Route 301

Rail

• Alabama and Tennessee River Railway
• Norfolk Southern Railway
• Amtrak (Crescent)

Transit

• Areawide Community Transportation System

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2020

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 116,441. The median age was 40.0 years. 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 18.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.0 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 69.2% White, 22.0% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 4.3% of the population.

63.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 36.5% lived in rural areas.

There were 46,437 households in the county, of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 31.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 53,052 housing units, of which 12.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 68.4% were owner-occupied and 31.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9% and the rental vacancy rate was 12.2%.

Racial and ethnic composition

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 118,572 people, 47,331 households, and 31,609 families residing in the county. The population density was 194 /mi2. There were 53,289 housing units at an average density of 87 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 74.9% White, 20.6% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.6% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 3.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 47,331 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.2 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,407, and the median income for a family was $49,532. Males had a median income of $41,599 versus $29,756 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,574. About 15.2% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Calhoun County contains five public school districts. There are approximately 17,000 students in public K-12 schools in Calhoun County. Public school districts are not conterminous with the county boundary.

The county contains two public higher education institutions. Gadsden State Community College operates a campus located in Anniston, and Jacksonville State University, founded in 1883 and with an enrollment of over 9,000 students, is located in Jacksonville.

Districts

School districts include:

• Anniston City School District
• Calhoun County School District
• Jacksonville City School District
• Oxford City School District
• Piedmont City School District

Politics

The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976. In 2016 and 2020, Republican Donald Trump won more than two-thirds of the county's vote.

Calhoun is part of Alabama's 3rd congressional district, which is held by Republican Mike D. Rogers.

Communities

Cities

• Anniston (County Seat)
• Glencoe (partly in Etowah County)
• Jacksonville
• Oxford (partly in Talladega County and Cleburne County)
• Piedmont (partly in Cherokee County)
• Southside (partly in Etowah County)
• Weaver

Towns

• Hobson City
• Ohatchee

Census-designated places

• Alexandria
• Choccolocco
• Nances Creek
• Saks
• West End-Cobb Town
• White Plains

Unincorporated communities

• Bynum
• Chosea Springs
• DeArmanville
• Eastaboga (partly in Talladega County)
• Iron City
• Macon
• Merrellton
• Peaceburg
• Possum Trot
• Wellington

Ghost towns

• Minden
• Tooktocaugee

Places of interest

Calhoun County is home to Jacksonville State University, the Anniston Museum of Natural History, the Berman Museum of World History, and the Coldwater Covered Bridge. It also contains a portion of the Talladega National Forest.

References

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
3. (November 1857). "Acts of the Sixth Biennial Session of the General Assembly of Alabama held in the City of Montgomery, Commencing on the Second Monday in November, 1857.". N. B. Cloud, State Printer.
4. Shapiro, Herbert. (1988). "White Violence and Black Response: From Reconstruction to Montgomery". U of Massachusetts P.
5. (August 22, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
6. "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau.
7. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau.
8. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library.
9. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau.
10. (April 2, 2001). "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau.
11. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
12. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
13. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
14. "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Calhoun County, Alabama".
15. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Calhoun County, Alabama".
16. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Calhoun County, Alabama".
17. "U.S. Census website". [[United States Census Bureau]].
18. "Search for Public School Districts - Calhoun County, AL". [[Institute of Education Sciences]].
19. "2020 Census - School District Reference Map: Calhoun County, AL". [[United States Census Bureau]].
20. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".