Calauan

Etymology

Calauan, also spelled as Calauang, got its name from the Tagalog term kalawang, which means rust. Folklore has it that during the construction of the Municipal Church, water seeped into the holes dug for its foundation, giving it a brown, rusty hue, hence the name Calauan (Kalawang).

History

The fertile soil of Calauan attracted the attention of Captain Juan de Salcedo, when he passed through Laguna and Tayabas (now Quezon) on his way to Bicol in 1572. Ten years later, Spanish authorities established a town government 2 km from the site of the present Poblacion, in what is now Barrio Mabacan. They called the townsite “Calauan” (Tagalog word for rust). Following in epidemic in 1703, the town was moved to its present site at the fork of three roads—now to the south-west leading to San Pablo, the other southeastward to Santa Cruz, the provincial capital, and the third going North to Manila.

At the turn of the 18th century, when Bay was designated as the provincial capital of Laguna, Calauan became a sitio of Bay. Merchants going to Southern Luzon passed through Bay and Calauan. One of them, an opulent Spaniard by the name of Iñigo, bought large tracts of land in Calauan in 1812. The landholdings of Iñigo and, later, of his heirs were so vast that many portions were still unsettled. The property was and still is, known as Hacienda Calauan. About a century later, the people of Calauan fought a “guardia civil” during the Philippine Revolution. Basilio Geiroza (better known as Cabesang Basilio) and his men routed a battalion of “guardia civiles” in a five-hour battle in Bario Cupangan (now Lamot I) in December 1897. During the subsequent Philippine-American hostilities, Calauan patriots fought numerically superior forces of General Elwell Otis in Barrio San Diego of San Pablo. With the establishment of civilian authority in Calauan in 1902, the Americans assigned Mariano Marfori as first “presidente”. Hacienda Calauan financed the construction of a hospital in 1926, and Mariano O. Marfori Jr. son of the first municipal presidente, as hospital director and the resident physician, respectively.

In 1939, by the request of President Manuel L. Quezon, Doña Margarita Roxas vda. de Soriano, granddaughter of the Spaniard, Iñigo., subdivided Hacienda Calauan and sold it to the tenants, part of what remained was converted into a rest house and a swimming pool and it became one of the tourist attractions until 1956.

In 1993, the town became the focus of media attention when Antonio Sanchez, who was serving as mayor at the time, got involved into a rape and double murder case involving two University of the Philippines Los Baños students. Sanchez and several other men were given a life sentence in March 1995.

Geography

Situated at 73 km southeast of Manila, via Calamba and Los Baños, and 26 km from Santa Cruz. Calauan is known for the Pineapple Festival, which is celebrated every 15 May.

Geographical landmarks

Barangay Lamot 2 in Calauan is the site is the site of Mount Kalisungan, known for being site where retreating Japanese soldiers made their last stand in Laguna at the end of World War II. The 760 MASL mountain is sometimes also known as Mount Nagcarlan or Mount Lamot, and is a traditional during holy week hiking site among locals. It is considered a hiker's favorite because it offers a clear view of Talim Island, Mount Tagapo, the Jalajala peninsula and Mount Sembrano to the north, the Caliraya highlands to the east, the seven lakes of San Pablo, Mount San Cristobal and Mount Banahaw to the south, and Mount Makiling to the west.

Barangays

Calauan is politically subdivided into 17 barangays, as indicated below. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

• Balayhangin
• Bangyas
• Dayap
• Hanggan
• Imok
• Lamot 1
• Lamot 2
• Limao
• Mabacan
• Masiit
• Paliparan
• Pérez
• Kanluran (Poblacion)
• Silangan (Poblacion)
• Prinza
• San Isidro
• Santo Tomas

Climate

Demographics

In the 2024 census, the population of Calauan, Laguna, was 89,670 people, with a density of {{sigfig|89670/65.40|2}} PD/km2.

Calauan's population is expected to rise, as the town is being used as resettlement of informal settlers in Metro Manila through the Bayan ni Juan and the Kapit-Bisig para sa Ilog Pasig project of the ABS-CBN Foundation.

Religion

The patron saint of Calauan is Isidore the Laborer, the patron of farmers, known in Spanish as San Isidro Labrador.

Economy

Government

Education

The Calauan Schools District Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.

Primary and elementary schools

• Antonio Chipeco Memorial School
• Balayhangin Elementary School
• Bangyas Elementary School
• Calauan Central Elementary School
• Dayap Elementary School
• Dayap Elementary School (Annex)
• Grace Christian Community School
• Imok Elementary School
• Lamot Elementary School
• Lamot Elementary School (Annex)
• Limao Elementary School
• Mabacan Elementary School
• Madre Giovanna Zippo Learning Center
• Mahabang Parang Elementary School
• Makativille Elementary School
• Maranatha Christian Academy
• Masiit Elementary School
• Paliparan Elementary School
• Perez Elementary School
• Prinza Elementary School
• Proverbsville Baptist Academy
• San Isidro Elementary School
• Santo Tomas Elementary School
• T.C. Dator Memorial Elementary School (Pulong Dayap Elementary School)
• Tamlong Elementary School
• The Refiner's Christian School

Secondary schools

• Dayap National High School
• Dayap National High School (Mabacan Annex)
• Dayap National Integrated High School
• Liceo de Calauan
• Sto. Tomas Integrated High School

Higher educational institution

• Luzonian Center of Excellence for Science and Technology
• Polytechnic University of the Philippines Calauan Campus
• Calauan Community College (CCC)

References

References

1. "Calauan official website". Calauanlaguna.gov.ph.
2. {{DILG detail
3. Sayno, Mariano. (March 10, 2024). "Pinya Festival A Celebration of Calauan's Pineapple Heritage".
4. "Quality of life in Calauan".
5. (June 28, 1940). "The People of the Philippines vs. Julian Soriano". Lawphil.
6. (August 22, 2019). "'A plot hatched in hell': Timeline of the Gomez-Sarmenta murder case". ABS-CBN News.
7. Henares, Ivan. (2007-08-14). "Mt. Kalisungan itinerary".
8. (January 15, 2021). "Masterlist of Schools".