Calahorra

Location

The city is located on a hill at an altitude of 358 metres at the confluence of the Ebro and Cidacos rivers, and has an area of 91.41 km². Calahorra is the second-largest city in La Rioja in population and importance, after the capital, Logroño. Its population is 23,923 people.

It is well-connected to other cities, especially by highway. It is situated in the Ebro valley, 48 kilometres from Logroño, 120 km from Zaragoza and 180 km from Bilbao, and is connected to these cities by national highway 232, the A-68 motorway (Vasco-Aragonesa) and the Bilbao-Zaragoza rail line.

Its daily bus services link it to such cities as Pamplona, Soria and San Sebastián.

Its status as seat of a comarca and judicial district make it a service-industry city in administrative, commercial and leisure fields.

History

Calahorra has been inhabited since the Paleolithic, and its stable population dates to the Iron Age.

Rome conquered the town in 187 BC and brought it to its highest point of importance as an administrative centre for surrounding regions. Calahorra supported Quintus Sertorius in his war against Pompey, whom the city resisted successfully since 76 BC. It was only taken four years later by Pompey's legate Lucius Afranius, after a lot of inhabitants had died from starvation and there had occurred cannibalism. Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar gave the city (then named Calagurris) numerous distinctions, converted it into a municipality, and developed its city planning, economy, and politics. Its archeological remains show that it had a circus, baths, an amphitheatre, and other services found in large cities. It minted money and served as a justice administration centre.

Quintilian, well known for his descriptions of the culture of that time, was born in Calahorra, and the Parador in the city is named after him. It has Roman ruins in the grounds. Saints Emeterius and Celedonius, martyred in the city around 305 AD, are the patron saints of the city, and the city's coat of arms depict their names. The cathedral is dedicated to them. The Christian Roman poet Prudentius may have inhabited at some point in Calahorra, who pinpoints it on the territory of the Vascones in the 4th century.

After the rule of the Moors in the 9th and 10th centuries the Christian king García Sánchez III of Pamplona captured the city in 1045.

Calahorra was home to one of the oldest Jewish communities in Castile, documented as early as 1145 AD. Before the 1492 expulsion, the town counted around 120 Jewish households. When the expulsion decree was issued, most Jewish residents chose to leave rather than convert to Christianity. Following their departure, the local synagogue was transferred to the clergy, who were authorized to adapt the building for use as a church.

The population had reached 7,000 by the 1840s.

Politics

Places of Interest

• Calahorra Cathedral

Twin cities

• Italy Monte Compatri, Italy
• France Caussade, France

Gallery

File:Catedral de Calahorra01.jpg|Cathedral of Calahorra (main facade). File:The_Chapel_at_la_Calahorra_Castle.jpg|Chapel of the Calahorra Castle, from an albumen print taken by the French photographer Jean Laurent, -1881 File:Calahorra-Cidacos.jpg|View of Calahorra

References

References

1. "Calahorra, Spain".
2. Beinart, Haim. (2001). "The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain". The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in association with Liverpool University Press.
3. ''The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol.IV'', (1848) London, Charles Knight, p.19