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C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
Hyperbolic comet
Hyperbolic comet
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | C/1980 E1 (Bowell) |
| discoverer | Edward L. G. Bowell |
| image | C1980 E1-orbit.png |
| caption | Hyperbolic path with annual motion |
| discovery_date | 11 February 1980 |
| orbit_ref | |
| epoch | 3 January 1982 (JD 2444972.5) |
| observation_arc | 6.88 years |
| obs | 187 |
| aphelion | ~75,000 AU (inbound) |
| perihelion | 3.3639 AU |
| eccentricity | 1.057(hyperbolic trajectory) |
| 1.053 (epoch 1984+) | |
| period | ~7.1 million years (epoch 1950) |
| Ejection (epoch 1977+) | |
| inclination | 1.6617° |
| asc_node | 114.558° |
| arg_peri | 135.083° |
| last_p | 12 March 1982 |
| M1 | 5.8 |
| dimensions | 1 km |
1.053 (epoch 1984+) Ejection (epoch 1977+)
C/1980 E1 is a non-periodic comet discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on 11 February 1980 and which came closest to the Sun (perihelion) in March 1982. It is leaving the Solar System on a hyperbolic trajectory due to a close approach to Jupiter. In the 43 years since its discovery only 3 objects with higher eccentricities have been identified, 1I/ʻOumuamua (1.2), 2I/Borisov (3.35), and 3I/ATLAS (6.15).{{cite journal |doi-access=free |doi-access = free
Overview
Before entering the inner Solar System for a 1982 perihelion passage, C/1980 E1 had a barycentric (epoch 1950-Jan-01) orbit with an aphelion of 75000 AU, and a period of approximately 7.1 million years.
As the comet was approaching on 9 December 1980, it passed within 0.228 AU of Jupiter, which accelerated the comet briefly giving an (epoch 1981-Jan-09) eccentricity of 1.066. The comet came to perihelion on 12 March 1982, when it had a velocity of 23.3 km/s with respect to the Sun. Since the epoch of 1977-Mar-04, C/1980 E1 has had a barycentric eccentricity greater than 1, keeping it on a hyperbolic trajectory that will eject it from the Solar System. Objects in hyperbolic orbits have a negative semimajor axis, giving them a positive orbital energy. After leaving the Solar System, C/1980 E1 will have an interstellar velocity (v_\infty) of 3.77 km/s. The Minor Planet Center does not directly list a semimajor axis for this comet. On 24 January 2022, C/2024 L5 (ATLAS) had a similar episode with Saturn, resulting in its ejection from the Solar System.
The escape velocity from the Sun at Neptune's orbit is 7.7 km/s. By June 1995, the comet was passing Neptune's orbit at 30.1 AU from the Sun continuing its ejection trajectory at 8.6 km/s. Since February 2008, the comet has been more than 50 AU from the Sun.
| Date | Sun distance | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (AU) | Velocity | ||
| wrt Sun | |||
| (km/s) | Uncertainty | ||
| region | |||
| (3-sigma) | |||
| 1682-03-12 | 248.8 AU | 2.68 | ± 7 million km |
| Perihelion | 3.364 AU | 23.3 | ± 1589 km |
| 2282-03-12 | 337.2 AU | 4.43 | ± 5 million km |
Emission of OH (hydroxide) was observed pre-perihelion while the comet was nearly 5 AU from the Sun. CN (cyanide) was not detected until the comet was near perihelion. The comet nucleus was estimated to have a radius of several kilometers. The surface crust was probably a few meters thick.
Notes
References
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|access-date=2011-02-22}}
|access-date=2015-09-28}}
|doi-access = free
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