Surf Wiki
Save to docs
general/arthritis

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Boutonniere deformity

FieldValue
nameBoutonniere deformity
imageRA hand deformity.JPG
captionBoutonniere deformity in a person with rheumatoid arthritis

Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, or DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextension). Causes include injury, inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and genetic conditions like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Pathophysiology

This flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint is due to interruption of the central slip of the extensor tendon such that the lateral slips separate and the head of the proximal phalanx pops through the gap like a finger through a button hole (thus the name, from French boutonnière "button hole"). The distal joint is subsequently drawn into hyperextension because the two peripheral slips of the extensor tendon are stretched by the head of the proximal phalanx (note that the two peripheral slips are inserted into the distal phalanx, while the proximal slip is inserted into the middle phalanx). This deformity makes it difficult or impossible to extend the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Diagnosis

Stages

  1. Mild extension lag, passively correctable
  2. Moderate extension lag, passively correctable
  3. Mild flexion contracture
  4. Advanced flexion contracture

Higher numbers indicate a more severe problem and greater likelihood of a poor outcome.

Treatment

Usually treated with a splint placing the proximal interphalangeal joint in extension for 4–6 weeks. Occasionally surgery is needed when splinting is unsuccessful.

References

References

  1. "Boutonniére Deformity". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
  2. "Boutonniere Deformity".
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

arthritis
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Boutonniere deformity — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report