Book of Jasher (biblical book)

Biblical references

The book is mentioned twice in the Hebrew Bible. A possible third reference exists with a variant spelling.

In Joshua

According to the Book of Joshua, while Joshua was winning a battle against Adonizedek (king of Jerusalem) and his allies, Joshua prayed for the sun and moon to stand still. Joshua 10:13 then states: And the Sun stood still, and the Moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves on their enemies. Is this not written in Sefer HaYashar? |

The presence of this event in a book of poetry has been interpreted as a poetic description of the prolonged battle.

According to the medieval Jewish scholar Rashi, "Sefer HaYashar" in this verse refers to the Pentateuch: Jacob's prophecy regarding Joshua's ancestor Ephraim—"His seed will fill the nations"—was fulfilled when Joshua's victory gave him renown among the various nations who heard of the victory.

In Samuel

According to the Book of Samuel, when David spoke his lament over the deaths of Saul and Jonathan, he began as follows: To teach the sons of Judah the bow. Behold, it is written in the book of Jasher. |

The King James Version of the English Bible includes the words "the use of" in italics, material which its translator(s) added in order to render the text into what they considered understandable and comfortable English. According to some other translations such as the English Standard Version "The Bow" () which David taught is hypothesised as a poetic lament over the deaths of Saul and Jonathan. According to this interpretation, this "Bow" refers to a lament or a tune in the Book of Jashar which that book also says was taught to the Israelites.

The Septuagint translation renders Sefer haYashar in both cases as the "Book of the Just". It also misses the reference to "the bow". It reads: καὶ εἶπεν τοῦ διδάξαι τοὺς υἱοὺς Ιουδα ἰδοὺ γέγραπται ἐπὶ βιβλίου τοῦ εὐθοῦς And he gave orders to teach it to the sons of Judah: behold, it is written in the book of the just. |2 Samuel 1:18, Septuagint

In Kings

A possible third reference appears in 1 Kings 8. In the Septuagint (though not in the Hebrew text or most translations), verse 8:53 says that the preceding prayer of Solomon is written "in the book of song" (ἐν βιβλίῳ τῆς ᾠδῆς). The Hebrew version of "book of song" could be ספר השיר (Sefer haShir), which is the same as Sefer HaYashar with two letters transposed. According to Alexander Rofeh, this suggests that the name Sefer HaYashar could be related to its function as a hymnal, and the second word might have originally been שיר (shir, "song") or ישיר (yashir, "he will sing").

References

References

1. {{bibleverse. Joshua. 10:12. HE
2. Harry Whittaker. "Bible Studies". Biblia.
3. [[Book of Genesis. Genesis]] 48:19
4. "Yehoshua – Joshua – Chapter 10". The [[Judaica Press]].
5. (2007). "The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (ESV): Containing the Old and New Testaments". Crossway.
6. Blue Letter Bible, [http://www.blueletterbible.org/Bible.cfm?b=2Sa&c=1&v=18&t=LXX#s=268018 LXX 2 Sam. 1:18], accessed 14 January 2014.
7. Rofeh, Alexander. "Yehoshua bin Nun beToldot Hamesoret Hamikrait: 8".