Boogie (genre)

Characteristics

Boogie, following the example of post-disco, generally lacks the four-on-the-floor beat, the "traditional" rhythm of disco music; instead, the genre has a strong accent on the second and fourth beats, and tempo generally in the 110 to 116 beats-per-minute range. and predominantly draws from funk music. Other influences from a completely different music landscape include jazz.

The term, coined by British DJs Norman Jay and Dez Parkes, had been used on eBay to refer a specific form of early-1980s dance music of African-American origin.

History

1920s–1930s: etymology

The first documented use of the word boogie is dated back to 1929.Oxford English Dictionary states that the term was used as early as 1913. Boogie, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is an occasion for dancing to the strongly rhythmic rock music that encourages people to dance. Earliest association of the word boogie was with blues and later rock and roll and rockabilly genres.

1970s–1980s: current meaning

In the 1970s, the term was revitalized for disco and later post-disco subcultures. The term "boogie" was used in London to describe a form of African-American dance/funk music from the 1980s. The name boogie tended to be used as, although essentially used to describe disco records, the word disco had gained bad connotations by the early 1980s. Originally the word boogie could be found in 1970s funk, soul, R&B and disco records, most notably:

• "Boogie Down" (1974) by Eddie Kendricks
• "Jungle Boogie" (1974) and "Spirit of the Boogie" (1975) by Kool and the Gang
• "The Burtha Butt Boogie" (1975) by The Jimmy Castor Bunch
• "Boogie Fever" (1976) by The Silvers
• "Boogie Nights" (1977) by Heatwave
• "Yes Sir, I Can Boogie" (1977) by Baccara
• "I'm Your Boogie Man" (1977) and "Boogie Shoes" (1978) by KC and the Sunshine Band
• "Boogie Oogie Oogie" (1978) by A Taste of Honey
• "Aqua Boogie" (1978) by Parliament
• "Blame It on the Boogie" (1978) by The Jacksons
• "Boogie Wonderland" (1979) by Earth, Wind & Fire

Kashif called to be one of the pioneers of the genre. His single "I Just Gotta Have You (Lover Turn Me On)" from the 1983 debut album Kashif helped to define the early 1980s boogie sound. Also such 1980s tracks like "Wake Up" (Bohannon), "Act Like You Know"(Fat Larry's Band), "Give Me the Night" (George Benson, 1980), "Boogie's Gonna Get Ya" (Rafael Cameron, 1981), "I'm in Love" (Evelyn King, 1981), "You're the One for Me" (D. Train, 1981), "Don't Make Me Wait" (Peech Boys, 1982) or "Break Dance – Electric Boogie" (West Street Mob, 1983) helped define the musical style of boogie.

Throughout the 1980s, various boogie artists began experimenting with the heavy bass which anticipated the roots of house. They include Hamilton Bohannon, D. Train, and Sharon Redd. While some record producers, such as François Kevorkian and Larry Levan, were polishing and extending the limits of urban-oriented boogie, others like Arthur Baker and John "Jellybean" Benitez drew their influences from European and Japanese technopop music. The latter approach paved the way for electro, and subsequently, freestyle music.

Boogie had a popular following within London's underground scene, often based around nightclubs and club DJs due to a lack of mainstream radio support. Boogie records were mostly imported from the U.S. and were sometimes labeled as "electro-funk" or "disco-funk."

2010s: revitalization

Main article: Nu-disco, future funk

Much later in the 2000s and early 2010s, indietronica groups and artists such as James Pants, Juice Aleem, Sa-Ra Creative Partners had been influenced by the sounds of boogie and 1980s electronic music in general. Chromeo, a Canadian duo, published a boogie-oriented album called She's in Control in 2004. Dâm-Funk, another boogie-influenced artist hailing from Los Angeles, California, published an album Toeachizown in 2009.

During the mid to late 2010s, boogie was part of the nu-disco and future funk renaissance, the former a primarily European artists-led EDM phenomenon, fusing French house with American 1970s disco and 1980s boogie, and 1980s European electronic dance music styles, the latter connected to the vaporwave scene. Bruno Mars ("Uptown Funk") was one of the more mainstream 2010s artists influenced by boogie.

Electro

Main article: Electro (music)

Among electro-boogie (later shortened to electro) pioneers include Zapp, D. Train, Sinnamon and other post-disco/boogie musicians; especially those influenced by new wave and synthpop acts like Human League or Gary Numan, combined with the R&B sound of Herbie Hancock and George Clinton.

About electro origins, Greg Wilson argues:

Notes

References

References

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2. Reynolds, Simon. (2011-05-03). "Name it on the 'boogie' – the genre tag that won't sit still (2011)". [[The Guardian]].
3. "Electro Funk Roots: The Building Blocks of Boogie (history)". electrofunkroots.co.uk.
4. is a [[rhythm and blues]] [[music genre. genre]] of [[electronic music. electronic]] [[electronic dance music. dance music]] with close ties to the [[post-disco]] style, that first emerged in the United States during the late 1970s to mid-1980s. The sound of boogie is defined by bridging acoustic and electronic musical instruments with emphasis on vocals and miscellaneous [[Sound effect. effects]]. It later evolved into [[Electro (music)
5. "Explore music...Genre: Post-disco". Allmusic.
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7. "Rap meets Techno, with a short history of Electro".
8. [[Peter Shapiro (journalist). Shapiro, Peter]]. (2000) ''[[Modulations: A History of Electronic Music. Modulations: a History of Electronic Music: Throbbing Words on Sound]]'', London: [[Distributed Art Publishers]], {{ISBN. 1-891024-06-X, p. 40
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13. (7 October 1992). "Kendricks' tenor made it impossible to resist Temptations APPRECIATION".
14. [https://www.allmusic.com/album/wild-and-peaceful-mw0000181827 Wild and peaceful album] All music. Retrieved 28 March 2023
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18. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/hamilton-bohannon-mn0000664093/biography Bohannon Biography] AllMusic. Retrieved 28 March 2023
19. Reynolds, Simon. (July 16, 1999). "Generation ecstasy: into the world of techno and rave culture". Taylor & Francis.
20. [http://www.basic-soul.co.uk/features/James-Pants-30-page.htm BasicSoul.co.uk] - Features - James Pants. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
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25. Ross, Sean. (24 November 2014). "From Sugarhill Gang to Trinidad James, a Look at the Influences of Mark Ronson & Bruno Mars' 'Uptown Funk'".
26. (August 1999). "Zapp". [[Vibe (magazine).
27. "Electro-Funk > WHAT DID IT ALL MEAN ?". Greg Wilson on electrofunkroots.co.uk.
28. (November 28, 2008). "Slaves to the rhythm". CBC News.