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Bit Adini

Former country

Summary

Former country

Field	Value
native_name	Bit Adini
era	Iron Age
year_start	c. 1000 BC
year_end	856-5 BC
s1	Neo-Assyrian Empire
image_map	Neo-hittites et arameens.svg
image_map_caption	Bit Adini shown in the center along the Euphrates
capital	Til Barsip
common_languages	Aramaic
religion	Ancient Levantine Religion
today	Syria

Bit Adini, a city or region of Syria, called sometimes Bit Adini in Assyrian sources, was an Aramaean state that existed as an independent kingdom during the 10th and 9th centuries BC, with its capital at Til Barsib (now Tell Ahmar). The city is considered one of the two chief states of the Aramean-held territories in the Euphrates along with Carchemish.

It is considered an Early Iron Age Aramaean settlement between the Balikh and the Euphrates rivers, and extended westwards into northern Syria. Some sources also refer to it as a Neo-Hittite kingdom due to the discovery of Hittite hieroglyphic inscriptions. It is usually thought to have been in the bend of the Euphrates River, south of Carchemish.

There are scholars who associate Bit Adini with Beth Eden, which may mean "house of evil" or "house of delight".

History

Bit Adini was ruled by a figure called Ahuni (also referred to as Akhuni) during the mid-ninth century BC and became part of a territory that included the Neo-Hittite city Masuwari, Asmu, Dabigu, Dummetu, Kaprabu, and La'la'ru. Bit Adini was mentioned in ancient inscriptions such as the case of the recorded claim of Adad-Nirari II (911-891) that he received a gift of "large female monkey and small female monkey" from the city. Bit Adini has also exerted some degree of power and influence based on its interactions with Assyria. For instance, Bit-Adini - together with Babylon - supported the unsuccessful rebellion under Assurnasirpal I's reign in the states of Suhu (Suru), Hindanu, and Laqe.

In 883, during Assurnasirpal II's rule, a figure from Bit Adini was brought in to rule the Assyrian province of Bit-Halupe after a rebellion and the killing of its governor. An account described how the Assyrians attacked Bit Adini by crossing the Calah region between the Tigris and Euphrates. Later, in 853 BCE, Aḫuni joined a broader coalition of Levantine states at the Battle of Qarqar, inflicting enough casualties to force Shalmaneser III to campaign again but not to halt Assyrian expansion. Ahuni, the then ruler of the kingdom, submitted and gave tribute.

In 856-5 BC, the kingdom was conquered and absorbed into the Assyrian Empire during the reign of Shalmaneser III.

References

Sources

References

''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Micropædia, Vol II at p. 48
(2003). "The Cambridge Ancient History". Cambridge University Press.
Ussishkin, David. (1971). "Orientalia Vol.40". Pontificum Institutum Biblicum.
(2008). "The Expositor's Bible, Revised Edition: Daniel - Malachi". Zondervan Academic.
Halpern, Baruch. (2003). "David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King". William B. Eerdmans Publishing.
Smith, George. (2014). "Assyria". Cambridge University Press.
Luckenbill, Daniel D.. (1927). "Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia. Volume 2: Historical Records of Assyria From Sargon to the End.". University of Chicago Press.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

ancient-mesopotamia aramean-states states-and-territories-established-in-the-10th-century-bc states-and-territories-disestablished-in-the-9th-century-bc neo-hittite-states

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