Bistolida stolida

Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognized :

• Bistolida stolida brianoi Lorenz, 2002
• Bistolida stolida clavicola Lorenz, 1998
• Bistolida stolida crossei (Marie, E., 1869) (synonyms : Bistolida nandronga Steadman, W.R. & B.C. Cotton, 1943; Bistolida stolida crossei thakau (f) Steadman, W.R. & B.C. Cotton, 1943)
• Bistolida stolida kwajaleinensis (Martin, P. & J. Senders, 1983)
• • Bistolida stolida rubiginosa* (Gmelin, J.F., 1791)
  • forma : Bistolida stolida rubiginosa rufodentata (f) Biraghi, G., 1976
• Bistolida stolida salaryensis Bozzetti, 2008
  • forma : Bistolida stolida salaryensis fulva (f) Bozzetti, L., 2009
• Bistolida stolida stolida (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms : Cypraea draco Röding, P.F., 1798; Cypraea gelasima Melvill, J.C., 1888; Cypraea irvinae Cox, J.C., 1889)
  • forma : Bistolida stolida stolida vietnamensis (f)
• Bistolida stolida uvongoensis Massier, 2004

Description

The shells of these uncommon cowries reach on average 22 - of length, with a minimum size of 15 mm and a maximum size of 45 mm. The dorsum surface is very smooth and shiny, the basic color is blue-gray, white or light tan, with large irregular dark brown dorsal blotches. The margins are decorated with two orange - brown spots. The base may be white or pink, with a long and narrow aperture and long white or brown fine teeth. Both the extremities are more or less rostrated, with an orange brown blotch. In the living cowry the mantle is transparent with white long tree-shaped sensorial papillae and can be completely retracted into the shell.

Distribution

This species and its subspecies can be found in the seas along Aldabra, Chagos, the Comores, Kenya, Madagascar, the Mascarene Basin, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, the Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, in the Indian Ocean and in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean in the Kwajalein Atoll, New Caledonia, Guam, Samoa Islands and the Marshall Islands, Melanesia and along Vietnam, Taiwan, Australia, Sulu Sea, Samar Island and Philippines.

Habitat

These cowries mainly live in tropical intertidal and subtidal zone on coral reefs up to 30 m of depth. During the day they are usually hidden under rocks and in crevices, as only at dusk they start feeding on sponges or algae.

References

• Verdcourt, B. (1954). The cowries of the East African Coast (Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar and Pemba). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 22(4) 96: 129-144, 17 pls.
• Burgess, C.M. (1970). The Living Cowries. AS Barnes and Co, Ltd. Cranbury, New Jersey

References

1. {{WRMS species. 216739. ''Bistolida stolida'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
2. "''Bistolida stolida brianoi''".
3. "''Bistolida stolida clavicola''".
4. "''Bistolida stolida crossei''".
5. "''Bistolida stolida kwajaleinensis''".
6. [http://www.gastropods.com/9/Shell_4529.shtml Gastroods.com : '' Bistolida stolida rubiginosa'']; accessed : 29 October 2010
7. [http://www.gastropods.com/0/Shell_10860.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Bistolida stolida rubiginosa rufodentata'' (f)] {{Webarchive. link. (2010-11-20 ; accessed : 29 October 2010)
8. "''Bistolida stolida salaryensis''".
9. [http://www.gastropods.com/9/Shell_66179.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Bistolida stolida salaryensis fulva'' (f)]; accessed : 29 October 2010
10. "''Bistolida stolida stolida''".
11. [http://www.gastropods.com/7/Shell_40057.shtml Gastropods.com : ''Bistolida stolida stolida vietnamensis'' (f)] {{Webarchive. link. (2010-11-20 ; accessed : 29 October 2010)