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Bishop of Durham

Diocesan bishop in the Church of England

Summary

Diocesan bishop in the Church of England

Field	Value
bishopric	Durham
border	Anglican
coat	Angl-Ebor-Durham-Arms.svg
incumbent	vacant
acting: the Bishop of Jarrow
province	York
established	635 (at Lindisfarne)
995 (translation to Durham)
cathedral	Durham Cathedral (since 995)
St Mary and St Cuthbert, Chester-le-Street (882–995)
Lindisfarne (635–875)
first_incumbent	Aidan
Aldhun (first bishop of Durham)
diocese	Durham

acting: the Bishop of Jarrow 995 (translation to Durham) St Mary and St Cuthbert, Chester-le-Street (882–995) Lindisfarne (635–875) Aldhun (first bishop of Durham) The bishop of Durham is head of the diocese of Durham in the province of York. The diocese is one of the oldest in England and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords. Paul Butler was the most recent bishop of Durham until his retirement in February 2024.

The bishop is officially styled The Right Reverend (First Name), by Divine Providence Lord Bishop of Durham, but this full title is rarely used. In signatures, the bishop's family name is replaced by Dunelm, from the Latin name for Durham (the Latinised form of Old English Dunholm). In the past, bishops of Durham varied their signatures between Dunelm and the French Duresm. Prior to 1836 the bishop had significant temporal powers over the liberty of Durham and later the county palatine of Durham. The bishop, with the bishop of Bath and Wells, escorts the sovereign at the coronation.

Durham Castle was a residence of the bishops from its construction in the 11th century until 1832, when it was given to the University of Durham to use as a college. Auckland Castle then became the bishops' main residence until July 2012, when it was sold to the Auckland Castle Trust. The bishop continues to have offices there.

History

The bishop of Lindisfarne is an episcopal title which takes its name after the tidal island of Lindisfarne, which lies just off the northeast coast of Northumberland, England. The title was first used by the Anglo-Saxons between the 7th and 10th centuries. In the reign of Æthelstan (924–939) Wigred, thought by Simon Keynes to have been Bishop of Chester-le-Street, attested royal charters. According to George Molyneaux, the church of St Cuthbert "was in all probability the greatest landholder between the Tees and the Tyne". Traditionally, following the chronology of the twelfth-century writer Symeon of Durham, historians have believed that the body of St Cuthbert and centre of the diocese lay at Chester-le-Street from the ninth century until 995, but recent research has suggested that the bishops may have been based at Norham on the River Tweed until after 1013. The title of "bishop of Lindisfarne" is now used by the Catholic Church for a titular see (there is also a Catholic titular see of Cuncacestre, the Latin form of Chester-le-Street).

The Anglo-Saxon dioceses before 925

The Anglo-Saxon bishops of Lindisfarne were ordinaries of several early medieval episcopal sees (and dioceses) in Northumbria and pre-Conquest England. The first such see was founded at Lindisfarne in 635 by Saint Aidan.

From the 7th century onwards, in addition to their spiritual authority, the bishops of Lindisfarne, and then Durham, also acted as the civil ruler of the region as the lord of the liberty of Durham, with local authority equal to that of the king. The bishop appointed all local officials and maintained his own court. After the Norman Conquest, this power was retained by the bishop and was eventually recognised with the designation of the region as the County Palatine of Durham. As holder of this office, the bishop was both the earl of the county and bishop of the diocese. Though the term 'prince-bishop' has become a common way of describing the role of the bishop prior to 1836, the term was unknown in medieval England.

A UNESCO site describes the role of the bishops as a "buffer state between England and Scotland":

From 1075, the bishop of Durham became a prince-bishop, with the right to raise an army, mint his own coins, and levy taxes. As long as he remained loyal to the king of England, he could govern as a virtually autonomous ruler, reaping the revenue from his territory, but also remaining mindful of his role of protecting England's northern frontier.

A 1788 report adds that the bishops had the authority to appoint judges and barons and to offer pardons.

Except for a brief period of suppression during the English Civil War, the bishopric retained this temporal power until it was abolished by the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 19) with the powers returned to the Crown. A shadow of the former temporal power can be seen in the bishop's coat of arms, which contains a coronet as well as a mitre and crossed crozier and sword. The bishop of Durham also continued to hold a seat in the House of Lords; that has continued to this day by virtue of the ecclesiastical office.

List of bishops

Early medieval bishops

Bishops of Lindisfarne	From	Until	Incumbent
635	651	Aidan	Saint Aidan.
651	661	Finan	Saint Finan.
661	664	Colmán	Saint Colmán.
664	Tuda	Saint Tuda.
In 664 the diocese was merged to York by Wilfrid (who succeeded Tuda following his death), leaving one large diocese in the large northern Kingdom of Northumbria.
The diocese was reinstated in 678 by Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury following Wilfrid's banishment from Northumbria by King Ecgfrith. Its new seat was initially (at least in part) at Hexham (until a new diocese was created there in 680).
678	685	Eata of Hexham	Saint Eata.
685	687	Cuthbert	Saint Cuthbert.
688	698	Eadberht	Saint Eadberht.
698	721	Eadfrith	Saint Eadfrith.
721	740	Æthelwold	Saint Æthelwold.
740	780	Cynewulf
780	803	Higbald	Viking raid 793
803	821	Egbert
821	830	Heathwred
830	845	Ecgred
845	854	Eanbert
854	875	Eardulf
883	889	Eardulf
900	915	Cutheard
		Tilred
	maybe 942?	Wilgred
maybe 942?	unknown	Uchtred
unknown, expelled after 6 months	Sexhelm
before 946	maybe 968?	Aldred
maybe 968?	maybe 968?	Ælfsige	Called "Bishop of St Cuthbert".
990	995	Aldhun	According to the traditional account, the see was moved to Durham.
In 995, the King had paid the Danegeld to the Danish and Norwegian Kings and peace was restored. According to the legend, Aldhun was on his way to reestablish the see at Lindisfarne when he received a divine vision that the body of St Cuthbert should be laid to rest in Durham.
Source(s):
995	1018	Aldhun
1021	1041	Edmund
1041	1042	Eadred
1042	1056	Æthelric
1056	1071	Æthelwine
Source(s):

Post Norman conquest bishops

Bishops of Durham	From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1071	1080	Walcher
1081	1096	William de St-Calais
1099	1128	Ranulf Flambard
1133	1140	Geoffrey Rufus
1141	1143	William Cumin
1143	1153	William of St. Barbara
1153	1195	Hugh de Puiset
1197	1208	Philip of Poitou
1209	1213	Richard Poore	Election quashed by Pope Innocent III (who was quarrelling with King John); later elected and consecrated.
1214	1214	John de Gray	Died before consecration.
1215	1215	Morgan	Election quashed.
1217	1226	Richard Marsh
1226	1227	William Scot	Election quashed.
1229	1237	Richard Poore	Translated from Salisbury.
1237	1240	Thomas de Melsonby	Resigned before consecration.
1241	1249	Nicholas Farnham
1249	1260	Walter of Kirkham
1260	1274	Robert Stitchill
1274	1283	Robert of Holy Island
1284	1310	Antony Bek	Also Titular Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1306 to 1311 (the only English person ever to hold this post).
1311	1316	Richard Kellaw	Henry de StamfordIn the ensuing vacancy, Thomas de Charlton, John Walwayn and John de Kynardesley were nominated by Edward II, Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford and Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster respectively, but the chapter elected Henry de Stamford OSB on 6 November 1316. That election was never confirmed, but quashed by Pope John XXII on 10 December.
1317	1333	Lewis de Beaumont
1333	1345	Richard de Bury
1345	1381	Thomas Hatfield
1382	1388	John Fordham	Translated to Ely.
1388	1406	Walter Skirlaw	Translated from Bath & Wells.
1406	1437	Thomas Langley
1437	1457	Robert Neville	Translated from Salisbury
1457	1476	Lawrence Booth	Translated to York.
1476	1483	William Dudley
1484	1494	John Sherwood
1494	1501	[[File:Richard Foxe from NPG.jpg	81x81px]] Richard Foxe	Translated from Bath & Wells, later translated to Winchester.
1502	1505	William Senhouse	Translated from Carlisle.
1507	1508	[[File:Christopher Bainbridge.jpg	73x73px]] Christopher Bainbridge	Translated to York.
1509	1523	Thomas Ruthall
1523	1529	[[File:Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.jpg	73x73px]] Thomas Wolsey	Archbishop of York. Held Durham in commendam.
1530	1552	[[File:CuthbertTunstall.jpg	68x68px]] Cuthbert Tunstall	Translated from London.
Source(s):

Post-Reformation bishops

Bishops of Durham	From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1530	1552	[[File:CuthbertTunstall.jpg	60px]] Cuthbert Tunstall
1552	1554	The diocese was abolished under Edward VI and restored after Mary I became queen.
1554	1559	[[File:CuthbertTunstall.jpg	60px]] Cuthbert Tunstall	Deprived in 1559, when he refused to take the Oath of Supremacy after the accession of Elizabeth I. Died on 18 November that year.
1561	1576	[[File:James Pilkington print.jpg	60px]] James Pilkington
1577	1587	[[File:No image.svg	60px]] Richard Barnes	Translated from Carlisle.
1589	1595	[[File:MatthewHutton (1529-1606).jpg	60px]] Matthew Hutton	Translated to York.
1595	1606	[[File:Tobie (or Tobias) Matthew from NPG.jpg	60px]] Tobias Matthew	Translated to York.
1606	1617	[[File:Bp William James.jpg	60px]] William James
1617	1627	[[File:Richard Neile portrait.jpg	60px]] Richard Neile	Translated from Lincoln, later translated to Winchester.
1627	1628	[[File:George Mountaigne DD.jpg	60px]] George Montaigne	Translated from London, later translated to York.
1628	1632	[[File:Bp John Howson.jpg	60px]] John Howson	Translated from Oxford
1632	1646	[[File:Thomas Morton portrait.jpg	60px]] Thomas Morton	Translated from Lichfield; deprived of the see when the English episcopacy was abolished by Parliament on 9 October 1646; died 1659.
1646	1660	The diocese was abolished during the Commonwealth and the Protectorate.
1660	1672	[[File:John Cosin Peterhouse.jpg	60px]] John Cosin
1674	1722	[[File:Nathaniel Crew, 3rd Baron Crew from NPG.jpg	60px]] Nathaniel Crew	Translated from Oxford.
1722	1730	[[File:William Talbot by Kneller.jpg	60px]] William Talbot	Translated from Salisbury.
1730	1750	[[File:EdwardChandler.jpg	60px]] Edward Chandler	Translated from Lichfield.
1750	1752	[[File:Joseph Butler, Bp of Bristol.jpg	60px]] Joseph Butler	Translated from Bristol.
1752	1771	[[File:Bp Richard Trevor.jpg	60px]] Richard Trevor	Translated from St David's.
1771	1787	[[File:John Egerton Ep Dunelm.jpg	60px]] John Egerton	Translated from Lichfield.
1787	1791	[[File:Thomas Thurlow British Museum.jpg	60px]] Thomas Thurlow	Translated from Lincoln.
1791	1826	[[File:Shute Barrington by Lawrence.jpg	60px]] Shute Barrington	Translated from Salisbury.
1826	1836	[[File:William Van Mildert by Thomas Lawrence.jpg	60px]] William Van Mildert	Translated from Llandaff.
Source(s):

Late modern bishops (since 1836)

Bishops of Durham	From	Until	Incumbent	Notes
1836	1856	[[File:Edward Maltby.jpg	60px]] Edward Maltby	Translated from Chichester.
1856	1860	[[File:AbpCharlesThomasLongley.jpg	60px]] Charles Longley	Translated from Ripon, later translated to York, then to Canterbury.
1860	1861	[[File:Bishop HM Villiers.jpg	60px]] Henry Montagu Villiers	Translated from Carlisle.
1861	1879	[[File:Charles Baring portrait.jpg	60px]] Charles Baring	Translated from Gloucester and Bristol.
1879	1889	[[File:Joseph Barber Lightfoot by WB Richmond (crop).jpg	60px]] J. B. Lightfoot	Previously Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at Cambridge.
1890	1901	[[File:Brooke Foss Westcott by WE Miller.jpg	60px]] Brooke Foss Westcott	Previously Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge.
1901	1920	[[File:Handley-Moule.jpg	60px]] Handley Moule	Previously Norrisian Professor of Divinity at Cambridge.
1920	1939	[[File:Hensley circa 1900.jpg	60px]] Hensley Henson	Translated from Hereford.
1939	1952	[[File:No image.svg	60px]] Alwyn Williams	Translated to Winchester.
1952	1956	[[File:Michael Ramsey 1974.jpg	60px]] Michael Ramsey	Translated to York, then to Canterbury.
1956	1966	[[File:No image.svg	60px]] Maurice Harland	Translated from Lincoln.
1966	1972	[[File:IanRamsey.jpg	60px]] Ian Ramsey	Previously Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion at Oxford.
1973	1983	[[File:John Stapylton Habgood (1981).jpg	60px]] John Habgood	Translated to York.
1984	1994	[[File:No image.svg	60px]] David Jenkins	Previously Professor of Theology University of Leeds
1994	2003	[[File:No image.svg	60px]] Michael Turnbull	Translated from Rochester
2003	2010	[[File:NTWright071220.jpg	60px]] N. T. Wright	Previously Dean of Lichfield; returned to academia.
2011	2013	[[File:Archbishop of Canterbury (32195477582) (cropped).jpg	60px]] Justin Welby	Translated to Canterbury.
2014	2024	[[File:Official portrait of The Lord Bishop of Durham crop 2.jpg	60px]] Paul Butler	Previously Bishop of Southwell and Nottingham; confirmed 20 January 2014; retired 29 February 2024.
Source(s):

Assistant bishops

Among those who have served as assistant bishops of the diocese have been:

1889–1902 (ret.): Daniel Sandford, Rector of Boldon and coadjutor bishop; former Bishop of Tasmania
1904–1906: Noel Hodges, former Bishop of Travancore and Cochin (later Assistant Bishop of Ely and of St Albans)
1970–1975: Kenneth Skelton, Rector of Bishopwearmouth and former Bishop of Matabeleland (became Bishop of Lichfield)

References

Sources

References

"Positive Developments at Auckland Castle".
"Our Plans".
Keynes, Atlas, Table XXXVII
{{Catholic
Liddy, Christian D.. (2008). "The Bishopric of Durham in the Late Middle Ages". The Boydell Press.
(11 July 2011). "The Prince Bishops of Durham". Durham World Heritage Site.
Drummond Liddy, Christian. (2008). "The Bishopric of Durham in the Late Middle Ages". Boydell.
(1836). "The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland". His Majesty's Statute and Law Printers.
"The Lord Bishop of Durham". Parliament of the United Kingdom.
"Lords Spiritual and Temporal". Parliament of the United Kingdom.
"Historical successions: Durham (including precussor offices)". Crockford's Clerical Directory.
(2004). "Tunstal [Tunstall], Cuthbert".
{{Cite EB1911. .
Plant, David. (2002). "Episcopalians".
King, Peter. (July 1968). "The Episcopate during the Civil Wars, 1642-1649". Oxford University Press.
[http://durham.anglican.org/news-and-events/news-article.aspx?id=193 Diocese of Durham – New Bishop Announced]
(20 January 2014). "Election of Paul Butler as 74th Bishop of Durham confirmed in service".
[http://www.archbishopofyork.org/articles.php/3035/bishop-of-durham-election-confirmed Archbishop of York – Bishop of Durham Election Confirmed] {{Webarchive. link. (4 March 2016 (Accessed 20 January 2014))
(14 July 2023). "Bishop Paul announces plans to retire".
"Australian Dictionary of Biography". National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
"Hodges, Edward Noel".
"Skelton, Kenneth John Fraser".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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