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Bargate stone

Highly durable form of sandstone used for building

Bargate stone
Summary

Highly durable form of sandstone used for building

NOTOC

Church of St Mary and All Saints, [[Dunsfold

Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone. It owes its yellow, butter or honey colouring to a high iron content. In some contexts it may be considered to be a form of ironstone. However, in the context of stone buildings local to the extraction of Bargate Stone, the term 'ironstone' is often used to refer to a darker stone, also extracted from the Greensand, which rusts to a brown colour.

Sources

This stone was quarried for centuries in the Bargate Member of the Greensand Ridge, particularly where it is widest in south west Surrey, England. It occurs near the surface and was quarried in the hillsides near Godalming. Medieval quarries are still visible in Godalming, at the foot of Holloway Hill.

Bargate stone is rare in current use due to its short supply. Bath stone, Yorkstone and other similar coloured stone is sometimes used as alternatives, or to complement it.

Petrography

Bargate stone is typically a mix of sandy bioclastic limestone and bioclastic sandstone. The intergranular cements comprise ferroan carbonate.

Use

Bargate Stone is found in many buildings in Surrey, approximately 250 of which are listed, and in two churches in London. It is endemic to older buildings near the Greensand Ridge where it is found. Its 20th-century use tended towards coursed use of Bargate sandstone with bricks, or concrete, sometimes with ashlar dressings or mortar rendering.

Examples

Early medieval

Guildford Castle keep
  • The Keep at Guildford Castle. It was a credit to the strength of Bargate that it was chosen for the main structure, standing on top of the natural chalk and Bargate stone bedrock, made it available by quarrying in the locality.
  • Godalming Parish Church, Grade I listed assisted by Saxon features.
  • Church of St. Mary and All Saints, Dunsfold
  • St Nicholas's Church Compton, Guildford (Bargate rubble used, mortar-rendered)
  • Church of St. Mary the Virgin (12th-century tower only), Oxted in Tandridge District, east Surrey
  • St Mary's Church, (relevantly mostly in clunch from its own Quarry Street) Guildford
  • St James's Church, Abinger
  • All Saints Church, Witley, Surrey

16th Century

Tillingbourne Cottage, Wotton, Surrey

17th Century

Cosford Mill, Thursley

18th Century

The tower on the top of Leith Hill
  • Leith Hill Tower

19th Century

  • St Catherine's School/Drama Studio, Guildford
  • St Stephen's Church, Gloucester Road, London (York stone parpoints and dressings in Bath stone)
  • St Nicholas's Church, Guildford
  • St Michael's Church, York Town, Camberley
  • The Shah Jahan Mosque, completed in 1889 along with similar-coloured Bath stone, but a limestone not a sandstone
  • Charterhouse School (completed 1872)
  • St Stephen's Church, Rochester Row, Westminster
  • Booker's Tower
  • Munstead Wood
  • Chinthurst Hill
  • Grafham Grange School, Bramley
  • St James' Court, Farnham
  • St Johns Church, Caterham

20th Century

  • The Pergola, Vann Park and Garden, Hambledon
  • Pinewoods, Oxshott
  • Tigbourne Court, Wormley (blocks with thin horizontal bands of tiles)
  • Hascombe Court, Hascombe
  • Platform of war memorial, Bramshott, Hampshire
  • St Tarcisius Church, Camberley — the War Memorial Church to the British Catholic army officers who died in World War I. North Lady Chapel has triple arches and a stone reredos depicting the Virgin and Child and angels Bath stone dressings
  • Orchards by Edwin Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll, Bramley

References

  1. (23 October 2017). "Bargate Stone in the Guildford Area". Guildford Society.
  2. "Repair and maintenance of stone buildings". Spelthorne Borough Council.
  3. "The building stones of South East England : Mineralogy and provenance". British Geological Survey.
  4. [http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/results.aspx Advanced Search by text 'Bargate'] less Bargate Farmhouse and Street/Lane/Bargate meaning road
  5. Pinewoods {{National Heritage List for England
  6. The Castle Keep, Castle Hill (Guildford) {{National Heritage List for England
  7. St Nicholas's Church, Compton {{National Heritage List for England
  8. Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxted {{National Heritage List for England
  9. {{National Heritage List for England
  10. {{National Heritage List for England
  11. All Saints, Witley {{National Heritage List for England
  12. {{National Heritage List for England
  13. Cosford Mill {{National Heritage List for England
  14. Leith Hill Tower {{National Heritage List for England
  15. St Catherine's 'School' {{National Heritage List for England
  16. St Stephen's Church, Kensington {{National Heritage List for England
  17. St Nicholas's Church, Guildford {{National Heritage List for England
  18. St Michaels Church, Camberley {{National Heritage List for England
  19. Charterhouse School, Main Building {{National Heritage List for England
  20. {{National Heritage List for England
  21. St Stephen's Church {{National Heritage List for England
  22. {{NHLE. (15 March 1988)
  23. Munstead Wood {{National Heritage List for England
  24. Chinthurst Hill {{National Heritage List for England
  25. Grafham Grange{{National Heritage List for England
  26. St James' Court{{National Heritage List for England
  27. St John's Church, Caterham{{National Heritage List for England
  28. Pergola {{National Heritage List for England
  29. Hascombe Court {{National Heritage List for England
  30. War memorial platform, Bramshott {{National Heritage List for England
  31. Pergola {{National Heritage List for England
  32. Orchards (park and garden) {{National Heritage List for England
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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