Barasat

History

During the Mughal Empire period, Sankar Chakraborty (a commander of the zamindar Pratapaditya and king of Jessore in present-day Bangladesh) came to Barasat, Kolkata in 1600 and established himself. In 1700, Hazarat Ekdil Shah moved to the town and was known as a social reformer. His tomb, in Kazipara, is a pilgrimage site for the Muslim community. Pratapaditya made his way to Kolkata from Jessore; Sirajudullah went to Kolkata from Murshidabad via Barasat on a road which became two national highways.

Under the British Raj, East India Company officials from Calcutta (Kolkata) made Barasat a weekend retreat and built houses with gardens. Warren Hastings built his villa in the heart of Barasat and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was the town's first Indian deputy magistrate.

Indigo cultivation was a major industry and indigo merchants were known for their inhumane treatment of farmers. Titumir, a farmer, fomented a revolution against indigo merchants in Barasat. Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, Pyari Charan Sarkar and Kalikrishna Mitra were known for social reformation in the town, including women's education and widow remarriage. During the early nineteenth century, Barasat Cadet College trained new recruits and cadets from Europe; the college closed in 1811.

From 1834 to 1861, Barasat was the seat of Barasat District. The district became a subdivision of the Twenty-four Parganas district in 1861, and Barasat is the headquarters of North 24 Parganas district.

{{anchor|Geography}}Geography

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Location

Barasat is located in eastern India's Ganges Delta. The Bangladesh border, at Petrapole, is 70 – from the city.

Its average elevation is 11 m. The nearest river is the Ganges, about 15 km to the west, and it is on the Gangetic plain.

Area overview

The area covered in the map alongside is largely a part of the north Bidyadhari Plain, located in the lower Ganges Delta. The area is flat. It is a little raised above flood level and the highest ground borders the river channels. 54.67% of the people of the densely populated area lives in the urban areas and 45.33% lives in the rural areas.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Climate

Barasat has a tropical climate similar to the rest West Bengal. The region experiences a monsoon from early June to mid-September. The climate is dry in winter (mid-November to mid-February) and humid in summer. January is the coldest month and May is the hottest month in Barasat. Months of July and August produces most rainfall in Barasat.

Barasat has a tropical climate similar to the rest West Bengal. The region experiences a monsoon from early June to mid-September. The climate is dry in winter (mid-November to mid-February) and humid in summer. January is the coldest month and May is the hottest month in Barasat. Months of July and August produces most rainfall in Barasat.

Demographics

|1901 | 8634 |1911 | 8790 |1921 | 8211 |1931 | 8672 |1941 | 11230 |1951 | 16027 |1961 | 43138 |1971 | 64097 |1981 | 101395 |1991 | 160044 |2001 | 231521 |2011 | 278435

According to the 2011 Indian census, Barasat had a total population of 278,435; 140,822 (51%) were males and 137,613 (49%) females, and 22,605 were under age six. The literacy rate was 89.62 percent of the population over age six (229,279 people). The town's population increased from 231,521 in 2001. The literacy rate that year was 76 percent, higher than the national average of 54.5 percent. Of the literate population, 52 percent were male and 48 percent female. Barasat was part of the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census.

According to the 2011 census, 97.64% of the population spoke Bengali and 1.82% Hindi as their first language.

Economy

Cotton weaving is Barasat's major industry, and the town is a trade centre for rice, legumes, sugarcane, potatoes, and coconuts. Now it is becoming a shopping destination with various malls including all major brands and multiplexes.

About 32,00,000 people commute daily from around the city to Barasat. Fifty-eight trains transport commuters from 24 stations in the town's Sealdah-Bangaon section and 32 trains carry commuters from 30 stations in the Sealdah-Hasnabad section. Barasat is well connected with Bongaon, Basirhat and Habra by train.

Transport

NH 12 (previously NH 34) running from Dalkhola to Bakkhali, locally popular as Jessore Road, passes through Barasat. Barrackpore-Barasat Road (part of SH 2) goes up to Barrackpore via Nilganj. Many buses ply along these roads.

WBTC Bus

• AC-37 (Barasat - Garia 6 no)
• AC-2 (Barasat - Howrah Stn)
• EB-12 (Barasat - Karunamoyee)
• ACT-4 (Barasat - Karunamoyee)
• D-10 (Barasat - Amtala via Joka)
• DS-34 (Barrackpore - Barasat)
• D-37 (Barasat - Baruipur Uttarbhag)
• C-42 (Barasat - Howrah Stn)
• C-29 (Barasat - Barrackpore Court)

Private Bus

• L238 (Barasat - Howrah Stn)
• DN-9/1 (Barasat - Dakshineswar)
• 79B (Barasat - Bagbazar)
• DN-2 (Barasat - Dakshineswar)
• DN-5 (Barasat - Naihati)
• 81 Barasat — Fishery Gate
• 81/1 Barasat — Rajchandrapur
• Barasat - Baruipur Bus
• Barasat - Botanical Garden Bus
• Barasat - Santragachi Bus

{{anchor|Barasat Municipality}}Administration

Although Barasat Municipality was established on 1 April 1869, it had no independent existence until 1882. It was controlled by the magistrate office (and its magistrate), without a chairman. In 1882, Barasat Municipality was formed and a local government was created. Barasat Association, a citizen organization, donated land for the construction of municipal buildings.

Barasat is divided into 29 mouzas. There were originally four wards, later increasing to 18. After surrounding panchayats were incorporated in 1995, the number of wards increased to 32. In 2015, before the municipal election, the number of wards increased to 35. Barasat is part of the Kolkata Metropolitan Area, for which the KMDA is the statutory planning and development authority. The KMDA manages the area's infrastructure development.

The district court handles local and national cases. The Barasat police have a jurisdiction of 4.6 km2, and serves a population of 417,663 in the Barasat municipal area. There are two police outposts (in Barasat and Badu), and a women's police station (in KNC Road, near Barasat Govt College) in the town.

{{anchor|Zilla Parishad (District Council)}}Zilla Parishad (district council)

The Zilla Parishad of North 24 Parganas was founded on 26 June 1986, with the north–south bifurcation of the 24 Parganas district. The highest tier of the three-tier panchayati raj system, its headquarters are at Barasat. It has six riverine panchayat samitis in the Sundarbans, which has a saline tract on one side and rich alluvial tracts of the Ichamati River basin and industrial belt of Barrackpore on the other side. Its territory extends on the east to the Bangladesh border.

{{anchor|Notable persons}}Notable residents

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the deputy magistrate of 24 Parganas during the 19th century.

Graves Haughton became a cadet in 1808, and received his first commission on 13 March 1810 from Barasat cadet institution.

Educational Institutes

• The city of Barasat comprises various education institutions ranging from pre-schools, secondary schools, high schools, colleges and universities. It has both government funded institutions and privately operated institutions.

Schools

• Auxilium Convent School
• Barasat Indira Gandhi Memorial High School
• Barasat Peary Charan Sarkar Government High School
• Barasat Mahatma Gandhi Memorial High School
• Calcutta Public School
• Kalikrishna Girls' High School (First school for female education in Indian subcontinent)
• Adamas School
• Aditya Academy Secondary
• Bodhisukha School
• Central Modern School, Bararat
• Delhi Public School, Bararat
• Kalyani Public School
• Nabapally Boy's High School
• Nabapally Jogendranath Balika Vidyamandir
• Narayana School
• Purba Barasat Adarsha Bidyapeeth
• Sudhir Memorial School

Colleges & Universities

• Adamas University
• Barasat College
• Barasat Government College
• Barasat Government Medical College and Hospital
• Brainware University
• Camellia School of Engineering & Technology
• Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology
• West Bengal State University

References

References

1. "Barasat Municipality".
2. "Barasat Municipality". Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority.
3. Hunter, William Wilson. (1885). "The Imperial Gazetteer of India". Trübner & co..
4. Wheeler, Mortimer. (1935). "The Cambridge History of India". Cambridge University Press (CUP).
5. "Barasat". jnnurmwestbengal.gov.in.
6. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A". Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal.
7. LSS O’Malley. (2009). "Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas". Concept Publishing Company.
8. "District Statistical Handbook". Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal.
9. "Barasat climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Barasat weather averages - Climate-Data.org".
10. "Census Tables".
11. (2011). "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].
12. "2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
13. "Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Town (Without Ward), 2011.". Census of India 2011.
14. "A-4: Towns and urban agglomerations classified by population size class in 2001 With Variation since 1901 - Class I". Census Commission of India.
15. "C-13 Appendix: Single year age returns by residence, sex and literacy status". Census Commission of India.
16. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India.
17. "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011". Census of India 2011.
18. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Urban): West Bengal". [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].
19. "Barasat {{!}} India". Encyclopædia Britannica.
20. Dey, Teesta. "The Suburban Railway Network of Kolkata: A Geographical Apprisal". eTraverse, the Indian journal of spatial science, 2012.
21. "Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways". [[Department of Road Transport and Highways]].
22. "Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, Annual Report 2010-11". KMDA.
23. "Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, Annual Report 2010-11". KMDA.
24. "North 24 Parganas Dist. Police". District Police.
25. "Barasat Zilla Parishad". north24parganas.gov.in.
26. [https://auxiliumbarasat.org/ Auxilium Convent School]
27. [https://www.barasatigmhs.org/ Barasat Indira Gandhi Memorial High School]
28. [https://calcuttapublicschools.com/ Calcutta Public School]
29. [https://adamasworldschool.org/ Adamas School]
30. [https://adityaacademysecondary.com/ Aditya Academy Secondary]
31. [https://bds.school/ Bodhisukha School]
32. [https://www.dpsbarasat.com/ Delhi Public School]
33. [https://www.kalyanipublicschool.org/ Kalyani Public School]
34. [https://www.narayanaschools.in/west-bengal/barasat Narayana School]
35. [http://www.sudhirmemorialinstitute.com/ Sudhir Memorial School]