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Bamboo flute

Type of musical instrument

Field	Value
name	Bamboo flute
image	Relief of Krishna playing flute with his herd of cows in Bucesvara Temple at Koravangala.jpg
image_size	250px
caption	Krishna playing flute with his herd of cows in Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala. 12th century.
background	woodwind
classification	woodwind
hornbostel_sachs	421
hornbostel_sachs_desc	421.11 End-blown flutes
421.12 Side-blown flutes
developed	Bamboo flutes spread from China and India, along silk road, and across the oceans to Southeast Asia and Africa. Native Americans also made bamboo flutes.

421.12 Side-blown flutes

The bamboo flute is an old musical instrument developed in Asia. Flutes made history in records and artworks starting in the Zhou dynasty. The oldest written sources reveal the Chinese were using the kuan (a reed instrument) and hsio (or xiao, an end-blown flute, often of bamboo) in the 12th-11th centuries b.c., followed by the chi (or ch'ih) in the 9th century b.c. and the yüeh in the 8th century b.c. Of these, the chi is the oldest documented cross flute or transverse flute, and was made from bamboo. The Chinese have a word, zhudi, which literally means "bamboo flute."

This text appears to be:

The cross flute (Sanscrit: vāṃśī) was "the outstanding wind instrument of ancient India," according to Curt Sachs. He said that religious artwork depicting "celestial music" instruments was linked to music with an "aristocratic character."

In the modern age, bamboo flutes are common in places with ready access to bamboo, including Asia, South and Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa.

See: Chinese flutes

End blown flute mouthpieces

Name	Description	Picture
Xiao blowing hole	(the hole faces away from the player, against the lower lip, making sure the top lip is not concealing the hole, when the instrument is played. Works on the same basics as blowing air over an empty bottle to create noise.)	[[Image:Xiao blowhole.JPG	thumb	center	200px]]
Shakuhachi	Kinko school utaguchi (歌口, blowing edge) and inlay. The shakuhachi player blows as one would blow across the top of an empty bottle (though the shakuhachi has a sharp edge to blow against called utaguchi) and therefore has substantial pitch control.	[[File:JapaneseShakuhachiSection.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Hotchiku	Same technique as shakuhachi. The angle of the utaguchi (歌口, lit. "singing mouth"), or blowing edge, of a hotchiku is closer to perpendicular to the bore axis than that of a modern shakuhachi.	[[Image:YUNGhocchiku_utagchi.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Quena	To produce sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between the chin and lower lip, and blows a stream of air downward, along the axis of the pipe, over an elliptical notch cut into the end.	[[File:Blowing tip of Quena flute, South America.jpg	thumb	Blowing tip of Quena flute, South America]]
Khlui	Thailand. A block has been put into the end of the flute, an internal fipple that creates a hole to blow through, channeling air through a duct to create sound.	[[Image:Khluimouthpiece.jpg	thumb	center	200px]]

List of bamboo flutes, cane flutes, reed flutes

This list is intended to show flutes made of bamboo. It excludes pan flutes or panpipes, and flutes and whistles that don't have finger positions to change notes. It also excludes pipes that use reeds to produce the sound. Bamboo is a grass, and some "cane" or "reed" flutes may get listed here, as long as the plant is being used for a tube that is blown into or across to create noise. Types of flutes include transverse flutes (also called cross flutes), end-blown flutes (ring flutes are included with these) and Nose flutes. Fipple flutes, also called duct flutes, may be added to the list as well, as long as they are bamboo-based instruments. The bamboo variant may be added for instruments that include wood and bamboo versions.

Name in English	Name in other language	Place / Region	Picture	Method of sounding	Description
Atenteben		Ghana
Bansuri		Bangladesh	[[File:All scales of Bansuris in a set.jpg	thumb	200px	center	A group of bansuri flutes, grouped low pitched to high pitched.]]
Bansuri		author=Suneera Kasliwal	title=Classical musical instruments	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVsUAQAAIAAJ	year=2004	publisher=Rupa	isbn=978-81-291-0425-0	pages=85–86	access-date=2020-11-30	archive-date=2023-06-30	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094007/https://books.google.com/books?id=GVsUAQAAIAAJ	url-status=live}}	[[File:A bansuri player Stephanie Bosch, flute side blown wind instrument India.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Musician playing a large bansuri; the larger instrument is lower toned than a smaller bansuri.]]
Bām̐surī	(Nepali: बाँसुरी)	Nepal	[[File:Bamsuri बाँसुरी (Nepali for Bansuri flute).jpg	thumb	200px	center	Public performance by Newar musicians with flutes, [[Lalitpur, Nepal	Lalitpur]].]]
Bata Nalawa		Sri Lanka
Chi		China
Dizi
)	China	[[File:Diffenent sizes of Dizi.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Group of dizi flutes in different sizes and pitches.]]
Daegeum		Korea	[[File:Sanjo Daegeum.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Dangjeok or Jeok		Korea	thumb	200px	center	Notched flute
Danso		Korea	[[File:Danso.jpg	200px	thumb	center]]
Donali	دونَلی	Iran
Dongdi		China
Fijian nose flute		Viti Levu	[[File:Flûte nasale MHNT ETH AC FI 47 Gaston de Roquemaurel.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	Nose flute	This nasal flute is made from a section of bamboo, pierced with nine holes. The entire surface is decorated with geometric patterns of different shapes, forming several registers in the vertical direction. To play the flute, a hole must be applied against one nostril while the other is blocked by the fingers.
Floghera		Greece	[[File:"Floyera" (flute), "Souravli" (ducted flute), "Madoura" (clarinet), Museum of Greek Folk Musical Instruments.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Floyera (end blown flute), souravli (duct flute), madoura]](clarinet)	rim-blown	End-blown bamboo flute without a fipple, used in Greek folk music. Played by directing a narrow air stream against its sharp, open upper end. It typically has seven finger holes.
Friscolettu		Sicily		fipple	Seven holes on the front, two in the back
Hotchiku	法竹	Japan	[[File:Yunghocchiku.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
entry= Gasba	title=The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments	date=1984	publisher=MacMillan Press	editor=Sadie Stanley	volume=2	place=London	page=26	quote= an oblique rim-blown flute.}}	الڨصبة (Egyptian Arabic), Taghanimt (Berber language)	Maghreb	[[File:Man playing Gasba (Medea, Algeria).jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	oblique (bevel is cut on the end of the tube)	Oblique flutes are played with the musician be holding the flute at an angle to the mouth, blowing across a bevel cut in the end. Similar to Ney.
Garau-nai		Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
India nose-flute bansuri		West Bengal	[[File:Man playing nose flute, Calcutta, West Bengal.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	Fipple	In 1799, artist Frans Balthazar Solvyns depicted an end-blown flute, called Bansuri (like the side-blown flute), being played nasally.
Ji		Korea
Junggeum		archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928074106/http://munye.bizhomep.com/?pagecode=m02&albummode=singlist&sw=&intalbumseq=11	title=문예진흥원 홈페이지	archive-date=September 28, 2007	url=http://munye.bizhomep.com/?pagecode=m02&albummode=singlist&sw=&intalbumseq=11}}	[[File:Jeongak Daegeum.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Top a [[daegeum]], in the middle a junggeum, to the right a [[Piri (instrument)	piri]].]]
Kagurabue	(Japanese: 神楽笛))	author=David Petersen	title=An Invitation to Kagura: Hidden Gem of the Traditional Japanese Performing Arts	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFRUnFhs5qgC&pg=PA275	access-date=17 July 2011	date=March 2007	publisher=David Petersen	isbn=978-1-84753-006-6	pages=275–}}	[[File:Kagurabue.jpg	right	thumb	200px]]
Khloy
Burmese: ပုလွ	Cambodia
Myanmar (Burma)	[[File:Khloy.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	internal
fipple	end-blown duct flute. Mouthhole on bottom of pipe's end, soundhole on flute's bottom (opposite side of the pipe from the fingerholes). This flute may have as many as 8 fingerholes, plus up to 2 additional thumbholes; the thumbholes offer additional notes.
Khlui	(	Thailand	[[File:Khluimouthpiece.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	internal
fipple	end-blown duct flute. Mouthhole on top of pipe's end, soundhole on flute's top.
Komabue	Japanese: 高麗笛	Japan	[[File:Komabue fue.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Komabue in the Metropolitan Museum of Arts]]
Koudi	Chinese: 口笛
pinyin: kǒudí	China	[[File:Koudi.jpg	thumb	200px	center	A koudi. The large hole in the middle is the blowing hole, and the three smaller holes on the top are finger holes. The two open ends of the tube are also used, played with the thumbs.]]
Lalove		Indonesia
Malaysian nose flute		Sarawak, Malaysia	[[File:Nose flute on Sarawak.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Nose flute on Sarawak]]	Nose flute
Minteki or shinteki	minteki: (kanji: 明笛
shinteki: (kanji: 清笛))	Japan	[[File:Minteki 2.jpeg	thumb	200px	center]]
Moseño		Andes Mountains
Murali		title=Haamra Lokbaajaaharu (translation with subtitle: Our Musical Instruments, 'A course book for school children.')	last=Kadel	first=Ram Prasad	website=The [Nepal] Ministry of Education, Curriculum Department of Nepal Government	date=2006	language=ne	page=7	url=http://musicmuseumnepal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/RS344_HAMRA-BAJAHURU-BALBODH-21.pdf	access-date=2020-11-30	archive-date=2021-10-17	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017134519/http://musicmuseumnepal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/RS344_HAMRA-BAJAHURU-BALBODH-21.pdf	url-status=live }}
Native American flute		United States (Native American)
Nohkan	能管	Japan	[[File:Uta-you Shinobue and Nohkan.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Bottom, a Nohkan. The rest are [[shinobue]].]]
Ney		Iran	[[File:Ney "kız" turco.jpg	thumb	center	200px	Turkish ney]]
Ohe Hano Ihu		Hawaii
Paiwan nose flute		Taiwan	[[File:Nose Flute, from 4th National Cultural Assets Preservation Award ceremony, Republic of Chins (Taiwan).jpg	thumb	Paiwanese nose flute with two pipes.]]	Nose flute	Instrument of the Paiwan people of Taiwan.
Palendag		Philippines	[[File:Palendag.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Palwei (German Wikipedia)	Burmese: ပလွေ	Myanmar	[[File:Palwei, a Myanmar transverse flute.jpg	200px	thumb	center	Palwei, a Myanmar transverse flute.]]
Pinkillu		Peru, Andes Mountains	[[File:Pinkullo flute.jpg	thumb	200px	center	[[Pinkillu]] flute and [[tinya]] drum. The musician plays the flute one handed while playing the drum.]]
Quena		Andes	[[File:Quena01.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Quena, made from American species of bamboos, (bamboo genera [[Aulonemia]] or [[Rhipidocladum]]. Also the tokhoro, a species of cane.]]
Ryūteki		Japan	[[File:Ryuteki.jpeg	thumb	200px	center]]
Sáo	Sáo trúc	title=Sáo trúc	url=http://www.tienghatquehuong.com/instruments/SaoTruc.htm	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031103151733/http://www.tienghatquehuong.com/instruments/SaoTruc.htm	archive-date=3 November 2003	website=Tieng Hat Que Huong	access-date=14 September 2013}}	[[File:Thổi sáo.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Shakuhachi	尺八	Japan	[[File:P1239148 Japan Deutschland (Klangwerkstatt) (48281353057).jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Shinobue or takebue	Shinobue:	Japan	[[File:Uta-you Shinobue and Nohkan.jpg	thumb	200px	center	All but the bottom flute are shinobue. The bottom flute is a [[Nohkan]].]]
Sogeum		Korea
Sompoton		Sabah, Malaysia	[[File:Sompoton22.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	Mouth organ	Bamboo mouth organ with gourd of the indigenous Kadazan, Dusun, and Murut peoples of Sabah.
Suling		Indonesia	[[File:Suling bambu.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Man playing end-blown suling, a bamboo ring flute.]]
Suling		Papua, New Guinea	[[File:Suling Tambur.jpg	thumb	200px	center	Woman playing a suling transverse bamboo flute, from [[Papua, New Guinea]].]]
Tahitian nose flute		Tahiti	[[File:H000143- Nose flute.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	Nose flute	Bamboo nose flute bound with bands of colored coconut fiber. Collected from Tahiti, the Society Islands during Cook's voyages to the Pacific 1768–1780.
Tongso		Korea	[[File:Tungso.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Turali		Sabah, Malaysia	[[File:Turali.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]	Nose flute	Bamboo nose flute of the indigenous Kadazan and Dusun peoples of Sabah.
Venu	Sanskrit: वेणु	India
Wa		Myanmar
Xiao		China	[[File:Dongxiaophoto.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Xindi		China
Yak		Korea	[[File:Yak, exposat a Eolssigu! Els sons de Corea.jpg	thumb	200px	center]]
Yokobue		Japan
Yue		China

References

Sachs, Kurt. (1940). "The History of Musical Instruments". W. W. Norton & Company.
"Ancient Chinese Musical Instrument's Depicted On Some Of The Early Monuments In The Museum".
Sachs, Kurt. (1940). "The History of Musical Instruments". W. W. Norton & Company.
Kadel, Ram Prasad. (2007). "Musical Instruments of Nepal". Nepali Folk Instrument Museum.
Akrofi, Eric. (2016-11-30). "Personalities in World Music Education No 14 – J.H. Kwabena Nketia". International Journal of Music Education.
(8 September 2013). "Atenteben - {{sic".
Onovwerosuoke, Wendy Hymes. (2008-01-01). "New horizons: the world of African art music for flute: African art music offers rich programming opportunities, but scores often are unpublished and can be challenging to find. Insights are offered about some of Africa's foremost composers--among them the author's husband". Flutist Quarterly.
Suneera Kasliwal. (2004). "Classical musical instruments". Rupa.
Salcedo, Pablo. "Pablo Salcedo. World Flutes Master.".
"TANSO".
(1991). "An acoustical approach to the Greek flogera". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.
Scola, Allison. [https://experiencesicily.com/2016/07/29/friscalettu-sicilys-reed-flute/ "Friscalettu: Sicily's Reed Flute"] {{Webarchive. link. (2022-08-08 , ''Experiencesicily.com website'', July 29, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2021.)
Deaver, Tom. "HOCHIKU vs. SHAKUHACHI".
(1984). "The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments". MacMillan Press.
"Nai".
"문예진흥원 홈페이지".
David Petersen. (March 2007). "An Invitation to Kagura: Hidden Gem of the Traditional Japanese Performing Arts". David Petersen.
Sam-Ang, Sam. (2008). "The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music". Taylor & Francis.
(6 July 2010). "ប្រវត្តិ "ខ្លុយ" (translation:History of the Khloy".
[[Shigeo Kishibe]], et al. "Japan." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/43335pg5 {{Webarchive. link. (2022-12-26)
Wang, Lisheng. (2007). "Introduction to Koudi".
"MOXEÑO o MOSEÑO".
"La Quena".
Kadel, Ram Prasad. (2006). "Haamra Lokbaajaaharu (translation with subtitle: Our Musical Instruments, 'A course book for school children.')".
"Palandag, Group: Bagobo".
{{cite encyclopedia
{{cite encyclopedia. (16 October 2017)
"Instrumentos del mundo: Ryuteki".
"Sáo trúc".
[http://www.shintozanryu.jp/shakuhachi.html 新都山流心安らぐあたたかな音色尺八] {{Webarchive. link. (2021-05-08 .)
[http://www.tozanryu.com/introduction/shakuhachi/shakuhachi01/ 公益財団法人都山流尺八学会] {{Webarchive. link. (2020-02-24 .)
"Shinobue (Bamboo flute)".
"문예진흥원 홈페이지".
"SOMPOTON MUSICAL INSTRUMENT [Introduction and history]". National Department for Culture and Arts, Malaysia.
(19 March 2016). "The Sompoton mouthorgan of Sabah: embodying traditional knowledge, reflecting indigenous soundscapes". Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
(2022). "Sompoton: Sabah bamboo mouth organ". BioResources.
Taylor, Eric. (1989). "Musical Instruments of Southeast Asia". Oxford University Press.
"TURALI MUSICAL INSTRUMENT [Introduction and history]". National Department for Culture and Arts, Malaysia.
Pugh-Kitingan, Jacqueline. (2017). "Sources, Sounds and Meanings of Turali (Noseflute) Music in Dusunic Cultures of Sabah". Malaysian Journal of Music.
{{cite encyclopedia. Thrasher. Alan R.. (2015)

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