Baltimore Metro SubwayLink

History

The origins of the subway lie in the Baltimore Area Mass Transportation Plan published in 1965, which envisioned six rapid transit lines radiating out from a central city loop. Planning studies from 1968 proposed a rail transit system 71 mi long.

As the vision was translated into reality, the original concept was trimmed to a 28 mi system in the Phase 1 plan, published in 1971. This plan involved two of the original six lines: a northwest line from Downtown Baltimore to Owings Mills and a south line to Glen Burnie and the airport. Phase 1 was approved for funding by the Maryland General Assembly in 1972. In response to lobbying by Anne Arundel County residents, the MTA eliminated the south line from Phase 1 plans in 1975; the Baltimore Light RailLink was later built over much of the planned south line corridor.

When the Baltimore Metro Subway opened on November 21, 1983, only the "Northwest" line of the 1965 plan had come to fruition. This 12.2 km segment provided service between Charles Center in Downtown Baltimore and the Reisterstown Plaza shopping center in the northwest of the city. On July 20, 1987, a 9.8 km addition extended the line from Reisterstown Plaza to Owings Mills in Baltimore County, with a portion running in the median of Interstate 795. A further extension of 2.5 km from Charles Center to Johns Hopkins Hospital opened on May 31, 1995. When the system opened, it became the largest single user of Susan B. Anthony dollar coins in the United States. Once the project was completed in 1995, the total cost for the Baltimore Metro Subway stood at $1.392 billion.

The current system is 24.8 km long, consisting of 10 km underground, 3.5 km elevated, and 11.3 km at grade. Eight of its 14 stations are underground, at depths from 16 m to 34 m below street level. Its elevated stations stand from 25 ft to 28 ft above ground. The system was renamed to the Metro SubwayLink as part of a rebrand of all MTA services announced in 2015.

The installation of underground cellular service in the Metro SubwayLink tunnels began in September 2021 and was originally expected to be completed by June 2022. As of December 2024, the work has not been completed.

Operation

Route

The Metro SubwayLink has a single line that is shaped like a reverse "J". Trains head south underground from Johns Hopkins Hospital, turn west as they pass under Baltimore's central business district, turn north at Charles Center, and ultimately turn to face northwest at State Center. The route leaves its tunnel northwest of Mondawmin station, entering an elevated structure that parallels Wabash Avenue and the Hanover Subdivision along the former Western Maryland Railway route. The route then enters the median of Interstate 795, which it occupies until it reaches the Owings Mills terminus.

Trains heading towards Johns Hopkins Hospital are referred to as "eastbound", while trains heading towards Owings Mills are "westbound".

Schedules

A trip from one end of the line to the other takes about half an hour. Headways range from eight minutes during daytime peak to fifteen minutes late at night and on weekends. Trains run from 5 a.m. to midnight on weekdays, and from 6 a.m. to midnight on weekends.

Fares

As of 2024, the fare prices for MTA buses, the Metro SubwayLink, and the Light RailLink travel are as follows:

• Note: People who qualify for paratransit services can use the Metro SubwayLink free of charge.

Performance

For fiscal year 2010, the MTA reported 95% on-time performance for the system. It averaged 3.0 passenger trips per revenue mile, with a total of 13.4 million passenger trips for the year. Vehicles operated at an average cost of $11.59 per revenue mile. Local buses, in comparison, performed at a cost of $13.57 per revenue mile.

Stations

The Metro SubwayLink has a total of 14 stations. All stations except Owings Mills, Old Court, and Milford Mill are located in Baltimore.

Connecting services

Most Metro SubwayLink stations are served by a number of MTA bus routes. In 1984, just months after Metro first started operating, many feeder routes were created that were given the designation of a letter (M, P, or R) followed by a number. In 1987, many of these routes were renamed, and only the prefix "M" was used. Over the years, the number of M-lines had shrunk, as many of the routes were consolidated. In 2008, routes designated with the letter "M" were renamed to plain two-digit designations. Finally, on August 30, 2009, the last four were either renumbered or eliminated, with no routing changes made; they continue to act as feeder routes to the Metro SubwayLink.

There is no direct connection from the Metro SubwayLink to the Light RailLink or MARC commuter rail. However, the Metro SubwayLink's Lexington Market Station is a 200 yd walk from the Light RailLink stop of the same name, and the State Center station is about 1.5 blocks away from the Light RailLink's Cultural Center station. Baltimore Penn Station is about a one-half mile walk from State Center, and MARC Camden Station is about five blocks from Lexington Market Metro station.

Rolling stock

As of 2026, the line currently uses cars manufactured by the Budd Company in Northeast Philadelphia as well as new cars presently being manufactured by Hitachi Rail Italy in Hagerstown, Maryland.

Most of the 100 Budd-built cars were delivered in 1983 with a supplementary set of essentially identical cars being purchased in 1986 for the line expansion. The cars, marketed by Budd as the Universal Transit Vehicle, are identical to those formerly used on the Miami Metrorail; the two agencies built their systems at the same time and saved money by sharing a single order. A number of Budd cars have been retired.

Trains draw power from the electric third rail. The cars are 75 ft long, 10 ft wide, and have a top speed of 70 mi/h. Cars are semi-permanently attached in married pairs and joined up to form 4-car trains, which is the normal train length. 6-car trains are used during peak rush hours. Each car can hold up to 166 passengers (76 seated, 90 standing).

The original fleet had a significant overhaul between 2002 and 2005. Seats were reupholstered, and the floors were replaced. External destination rollsigns were replaced with LED displays; internal systems that display train destinations and upcoming stop announcements were also installed.

In July 2017, MTA announced the purchase of 78 new railcars from Hitachi to replace the entire subway fleet and are similar in appearance to those used on the Miami Metrorail. The railcars generate electricity while braking, thus allowing the energy to power certain train systems and enabling the system to become more energy efficient. The first Hitachi cars were delivered in October 2023; the replacement of the rolling stock is set to occur in phases from 2026 to 2027.

On January 7, 2026, the new Hitachi railcars received a ceremonial run, and the first 6 car trainset officially entered revenue service on Friday January 9. The new railcars are also compatible with CBTC.

Ridership

Incidents

On February 11, 2018, the MTA announced a month-long closure of the entire system to complete emergency track repairs identified during a safety inspection. An aboveground portion of the system had already been shut down due to emergency inspections and repairs. The system reopened on March 9, 2018.

In December, 26, 2022, in Rogers Avenue station, a railcar partially derailed at 6:00PM EST. 5 passengers were later taken to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries. A woman on TikTok later posted a video of the derailment.

In the summer of 2023, a fire damaged a portion of the subway system, prompting a brief closure. Regular service resumed a few days later.

References

References

1. (August 2010). "MTA Media Guide 2010–2011". MTA Maryland.
2. Scott M. Kozel. (October 13, 2002). "Baltimore Metro Subway". Roads to the Future.
3. Robert Schwandl. "Baltimore Metro Subway".
4. Valentine, Paul W.. (April 2, 1984). "Underground Coin". The Washington Post.
5. Mayhugh, Jess. (October 22, 2015). "Governor Larry Hogan Announces BaltimoreLink Plan to Redesign Bus System". [[Baltimore (magazine).
6. (August 28, 2019). "Metro SubwayLink Cornerstone Plan". Maryland Department of Transportation, Maryland Transit Administration.
7. Arnold, Holly. (June 29, 2021). "Franchise Agreement Report: Summary of Service Disruptions & Asset Conditions – Metro SubwayLink and Light RailLink". Maryland Department of Transportation, Maryland Transit Administration.
8. "Metro Subway". MTA Maryland.
9. "Regular Fares". Maryland Transit Administration.
10. "2012 Annual Report". MTA Maryland.
11. "Metro Subway Schedule". MTA Maryland.
12. Zawodny, Daniel. (September 22, 2023). "Baltimore subway to get first new railcars in 40 years".
13. (2001). "METRO HEAVY RAIL MID-LIFE OVERHAUL NEEDS ASSESSMENT: BALTIMORE, MARYLAND". American Public Transportation Association.
14. "Maryland Transit Administration".
15. (July 31, 2017). "MDOT MTA Wins Approval for $400.5M Purchase of Metro SubwayLink Railcars and Train Control System". Mass Transit.
16. BATRAK, OLEKSANDR. (October 3, 2023). "New Metro Cars from Hitachi Rail for Baltimore".
17. https://www.thebanner.com/community/transportation/baltimore-metro-subway-public-transit-TBHBQ4ZMR5FBPO54MWEX657DSU/
18. International, Railway Gazette. "Baltimore metro trains and CBTC enter service as ‘far more than a fleet replacement’".
19. (Feb 19, 2025). "Public Transportation Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2024". [[American Public Transportation Association]].
20. Campbell, Colin. (February 11, 2018). "Entire Baltimore Metro system to close for a month for emergency repairs". Baltimore Sun.
21. Richman, Talia. "Riders relieved as Baltimore Metro Subway reopens after monthlong shutdown". baltimoresun.com.
22. Zawodny, Daniel. (July 12, 2023). "Repairs continue on Baltimore subway as service resumes days after fire".