Balad al-Shaykh massacre

Background

The incident was part of the 1947–1948 civil war between Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine. It was preceded by a number of violent incidents, perpetrated one in retaliation for the other. A Haganah attack on the village on December 11 or 12th killed six Palestinians.

The Haifa Oil Refinery massacre took place on 30 December 1947, the day before the second Balad al-Shaykh attack. In this case, it was the Zionist paramilitary group, the Irgun, which threw a number of grenades at a crowd of some 100 Arab day laborers who had gathered outside the main gate of the British-owned Haifa oil refinery looking for work, resulting in 6 deaths and 42 wounded.

The conclusion of a committee of inquiry established by the Jewish community of Haifa was that the Arab attack was unpremeditated, being a response to the Irgun assault. The Jewish Agency condemned the same group for what it called an 'act of madness' that was responsible for the catastrophic loss of Jewish lives. At the same time, it authorized the Haganah to undertake an operation of retaliation.

Massacre

On the night of December 31, 1947, to January 1, 1948, the Palmach, an arm of the Haganah, attacked the town of Balad al-Shaykh while the residents were asleep, firing from the slopes of Mount Carmel.

Israeli historian Benny Morris writes:

According to Zachary Lockman, about 60 men, women and children were killed and several dozen houses were blown up.

References

Bibliography

• Morris, Benny (2003). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• 'The British Withdrawal From Palestine: Possible Advance Of Date By Six Weeks, 17 Killed In Attack On Arab Village', The Times, Friday, January 2, 1948; pg. 4; Issue 50958; col A.

References

1. (2011). "وجها العملة: الاستقلال والنكبة: Independence and Nakba, 1948 : Two Narratives of the 1948 War and Its Outcome". Republic of Letters.
2. Pappé, 1999, p. 119.
3. Arab refinery workers and others attacked Jewish workers, killing 39 of them.[[Benny Morris]], ''1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War'', [[Yale University Press]], p.406.
4. Lockman (1996), p. 353.
5. Morris, Benny (2004). ''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited'', p.100.