Bakar, Croatia

Settlements

There are 9 settlements in the Municipality of Bakar and they include (population as of 2021):

• Bakar, population 1187
• Hreljin, population 2139
• Krasica, population 1325
• Kukuljanovo, population 870
• Plosna, population 46
• Ponikve, population 44
• Praputnjak, population 532
• Škrljevo, population 1158
• Zlobin, population 272

Climate

Since records began in 1997, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station was 39.0 C, on 19 July 2007. The coldest temperature was -9.5 C, on 3 February 2012.

Demographics

In 1895, the Bakar held the status of "city" (), with an area of 3.3995 km2, belonging directly to the županija of Modruš-Rijeka (Ogulin court and financial board). There were 408 houses, with a population of 1950. Its 3 villages hamlets were encompassed for taxation purposes by a single porezna obćina. The city had no statistical markets.

In 1910, the court of Bakar encompassed an area of 143 km2, with a population of 12,929. Bakar had its own cadastral jurisdiction and business court.

Coat of arms

Bakar was granted its coat of arms and town privileges in 1799 by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. The coat of arms was in the artistic style typical for the period, with a cartouche with large landscapes and ornamentation around the shield within a circular inscription.

The shield of the coat of arms features a red-and-white checkered top or "chief", with three local gray stone castles on green hills in the middle, and a black anchor on orange at the bottom.

Recognizable buildings

• Turkish house: built by an unknown architect, possibly in the 14th century, this peculiar building resembles Ottoman architecture. Following its 1965 reconstruction, the house served as an artistic atelier.
• Roman house: former monastery, built in the 18th century
• Parish church of St. Andrew the Apostle: originally built in the 12th century and destroyed in 1323 by earthquake. In the Middle Ages its catacombs were used for wealthy people to hide from plague that passed the city. It is the third largest late Baroque church in Croatia.
• Kaštel (Castel): A castle built in the 16th century by the order of Emperor Ferdinand I and used as a protection against the Turks. It has three kitchens, two dungeons, little chapel of St. Michael, and many other rooms.

History

In 1607 and 1608, Nikola VI Zrinski complained to the Slavonian Sabor about certain violent acts committed by the soldiers of Senj in the Bay of Bakar, where they plundered and wrecked two ships loaded with oil and grain.

In 1616, Venetian vessels had attempted to invade Bakar but was repelled by the local population with reinforcements from Rijeka

In July 1876, a savings bank opened in Bakar. It competed with the savings bank in Kraljevica (established 1873), forcing it into bankruptcy in 1878.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Bakar was a district capital in the Modruš-Rijeka County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

World War I

In February 1918, during World War I, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Costanzo Ciano took part in a daring, if militarily irrelevant, naval raid on the harbour of Bakar (known in Italy as La beffa di Buccari, lit. "The Bakar mockery"), helping to raise the spirits of the Italian public.

After WWI, from the end of 1920, Bakar was one of the major points of entry of thousands of Russian refugees, arriving in the Kingdom of SHS following the end of the Russian Civil War in the European part of the former Russian Empire, mostly from Crimea, after the final defeat of White armies under general Wrangel there in November 1920.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

In 1930, an HKD Napredak branch was founded in Bakar.

World War II

During WW II, in Bakar was an Italian concentration camp, where civil population from Province of Ljubljana, as well as Croats and Serbs was interned. It the peak, there was 893 internees.

Recent

The last two days of November 2008, the maximum wave height at Bakar reached 117 cm above the average sea level, higher than ever recorded since records began there in 1929. Little rain fell, but the city was flooded anyway thanks to a strong sirocco wind. Firefighters had to pump water from basements and the HEP had to repair broken power lines.

Trivia

In 1972 director Radley Metzger filmed his movie Score in Bakar, Croatia.

References

Bibliography

Dialectology

History

• Online publication 2016-01-09.

References

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6. {{Croatian Census 2011. S
7. DHMZ. (2022-07-19). "Najviše izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja".
8. DHMZ. (2022-01-21). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja".
9. Kraljevski zemaljski statistički ured. (1895). "Političko i sudbeno razdieljenje kralj. Hrvatske i Slavonije i Repertorij prebivališta po stanju od 31. svibnja 1895.". Kraljevska hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska zemaljska vlada.
10. Kraljevski zemaljski statistički ured. (May 1913). "Političko i sudbeno razdjeljenje i Repertorij prebivališta Kraljevina Hrvatske i Slavonije po stanju od 1. siječnja 1913.". Kraljevska hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska zemaljska vlada, 🖶 Kraljevska zemaljska tiskara.
11. (1917-07-13). "Hrvatski saborski spisi".
12. (1917-07-13). "Hrvatski saborski spisi".
13. Zoričić, Milovan. (1879). "Statistika vjeresijskih zavoda za godine 1847-1877 za godine 1847-1877". Kraljevski zemaljski statistički ured, 🖶 Dragutin Albrecht.
14. Zoričić, Milovan. (1879). "Statistika vjeresijskih zavoda za godine 1847-1877 za godine 1847-1877". Kraljevski zemaljski statistički ured, 🖶 Dragutin Albrecht.
15. [http://rememberingfascistcamps.blogspot.com/2013/07/her-internment-began-in-bakar-croatia.html Ivanka Zamida: a survivor's testimonial], from 2013 exhibition "The Last Witnesses", National Museum for Contemporary History, [[Ljubljana]]
16. [http://www.campifascisti.it/scheda_campo.php?id_campo=145 Bakar concentration camp], Online Research project
17. V.R.T.. (June 2009). "Olujno nevrijeme poharalo sjeverni Jadran".