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Azygos lobe

Normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung

Azygos lobe
Summary

Normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung

Azygos lobe on chest X-ray. Arrowheads show the delineation of the lobe. Arrow points to the azygos vein.

In human anatomy, an azygos lobe is a normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung. It is seen in 0.3% of the population. Embryologically, it arises from an anomalous lateral course of the azygos vein, in a pleural septum within the apical segment of the right upper lobe or in other words an azygos lobe is formed when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung and penetrates it instead, carrying along two pleural layers as the azygous fissure, that invaginates into the upper portion of the right upper lobe.

Clinical significance

An azygos lobe is usually an incidental finding on chest x-ray or CT scan. It is asymptomatic and not associated with any morbidity. However, it can cause technical problems in thoracoscopic procedures. The presence of the azygos lobe could alter the normal location of the superior vena cava or may be associated with other anomalies, including esophageal atresia or intrapulmonary right brachiocephalic veins.

Additional images

Azygos lobe in axial computertomography. Arrow on azygos vein.
HRCT thorax, axial section delineates a well-defined, convex-shaped fold (Blue arrow), the azygos fissure. A tear-drop shaped density noted at the bottom of the fold (Green arrow) is the azygos vein.

References

References

  1. "Azygos lobe {{!}} Radiology Reference Article {{!}} Radiopaedia.org".
  2. (2021-05-07). "The prevalence of the azygos lobe: A meta‐analysis of 1,033,083 subjects". Clinical Anatomy.
  3. (May 2004). "Venous anomalies of the thorax". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology.
  4. (2018-01-01). "Azygos lobe: A rare cause of right paratracheal opacity". Respiratory Medicine Case Reports.
  5. (March 1998). "The azygos lobe: normal variants that may simulate disease". European Journal of Radiology.
  6. (August 1997). "Anomalous azygos vein: A potential danger during endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy.". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery.
  7. (2020-07-10). "Azygos Lobe: Prevalence of an Anatomical Variant and Its Recognition among Postgraduate Physicians". Diagnostics.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

congenital-disorders-of-respiratory-system veins-of-the-torso anatomical-variations
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