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Astrological sign

Twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, as defined by Western astrology

Summary

Twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, as defined by Western astrology

In Western astrology, astrological signs are the zodiac, twelve 30-degree sectors that are crossed by the Sun's 360-degree orbital path as viewed from Earth in its sky. The signs enumerate from the first day of spring, known as the First Point of Aries, which is the vernal equinox. The astrological signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. The Western zodiac originated in Babylonian astrology, and was later influenced by the Hellenistic culture. Each sign was named after a constellation the sun annually moved through while crossing the sky. This observation is emphasized in the simplified and popular sun sign astrology. Over the centuries, Western astrology's zodiacal divisions have shifted out of alignment with the constellations they were named after by axial precession of the Earth while Hindu astrology measurements correct for this shifting. Astrology (i.e. a system of omina based on celestial appearances) was developed in Chinese and Tibetan cultures as well but these astrologies are not based upon the zodiac but deal with the whole sky.

Astrology is a pseudoscience. Scientific investigations of the theoretical basis and experimental verification of claims have shown it to have no scientific validity or explanatory power. More plausible explanations for the apparent correlation between personality traits and birth months exist, such as the influence of seasonal birth in humans.

According to astrology, celestial phenomena relate to human activity on the principle of "as above, so below", so that the signs are held to represent characteristic modes of expression. Scientific astronomy used the same sectors of the ecliptic as Western astrology until the 19th century.

Various approaches to measuring and dividing the sky are currently used by differing systems of astrology, although the tradition of the Zodiac's names and symbols remain mostly consistent. Western astrology measures from Equinox and Solstice points (points relating to equal, longest, and shortest days of the tropical year), while Hindu astrology measures along the equatorial plane (sidereal year).

Western zodiac signs

History

Main article: Zodiac, History of astrology

Western astrology is a direct continuation of Hellenistic astrology as recorded in Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos in the 2nd century. Hellenistic astrology in turn was partly based on concepts from Babylonian tradition. Specifically, the division of the ecliptic in twelve equal sectors is a Babylonian conceptual construction.Sachs (1948), p. 289. Isolated references to celestial "signs" in Sumerian sources are insufficient to speak of a Sumerian zodiac, see Rochberg (1998), p. ix. This division of the ecliptic originated in the Babylonian "ideal calendar" found in the old compendium MUL.APIN and its combination with the Babylonian lunar calendar, represented as the "path of the moon" in MUL.APIN. In a way, the zodiac is the idealisation of an ideal lunar calendar.

By the 4th century BC, Babylonian astronomy and its system of celestial omens influenced the culture of ancient Greece, as did the astronomy of Egypt by late 2nd century BC. This resulted, unlike the Mesopotamian tradition, in a strong focus on the birth chart of the individual and the creation of Horoscopic astrology, employing the use of the Ascendant (the rising degree of the ecliptic, at the time of birth), and of the twelve houses. Association of the astrological signs with Empedocles' four classical elements was another important development in the characterization of the twelve signs.

The body of the Hellenistic astrological tradition as it stood by the 2nd century is described in Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos. This is the seminal work for later astronomical tradition not only in the West but also in India and the Islamic sphere and has remained a reference for almost seventeen centuries as later traditions made few substantial changes to its core teachings.

Western astrological correspondence chart

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The following table shows the approximate dates of the twelve astrological signs, along with the classical and modern rulerships of each sign. By definition, Aries starts at the First Point of Aries which is the location of the Sun at the March equinox. The precise date of the Equinox varies from year to year but is always between 19 March and 21 March. The consequence is the start date of Aries and therefore the start date of all the other signs can change slightly from year to year. The following Western astrology table enumerates the twelve divisions of celestial longitude with the Latin names. The longitude intervals, are treated as closed for the first endpoint (a) and open for the second (b) – for instance, 30° of longitude is the first point of Taurus, not part of Aries. The signs are occasionally numbered 0 through 11 in place of symbols in astronomical works. Please Note. The start date-time for ALL signs changes each year. Consequently the dates differ from one reference text to another. Please don't correct the dates one year and then put them back the year after. It is not helpful and in one case this harmless date nudging hid a deliberate malicious edit. See Talk:Astrological sign#Sun Dates.

Sign	Gloss	Symbol	Unicode Character	Approximate Sun Sign Start Dates	Approximate Sun Sign End Dates	Ecliptic Longitude
(a ≤ λ	[House	Polarity	Triplicity	Modality	Northern Hemisphere Season	Southern Hemisphere Season	Modern Ruler	Classic Ruler	Aries	Taurus	Gemini	Cancer	Leo	Virgo	Libra	Scorpio	Sagittarius	Capricorn	Aquarius	Pisces
The Ram	[[File:Aries symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♈︎			0° to 30°	1	Positive	Fire	Cardinal	Spring	Autumn	Mars
The Bull	[[Image:Taurus symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♉︎			30° to 60°	2	Negative	Earth	Fixed	Spring	Autumn	Venus
The Twins	[[Image:Gemini symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♊︎			60° to 90°	3	Positive	Air	Mutable	Spring	Autumn	Mercury
The Crab	[[File:Cancer symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]] [[File:Cancer symbol (straight, fixed width).svg	20px]]	♋︎			90° to 120°	4	Negative	Water	Cardinal	Summer	Winter	Moon
The Lion	[[Image:Leo symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♌︎			120° to 150°	5	Positive	Fire	Fixed	Summer	Winter	Sun
The Maiden, Virgin	[[Image:Virgo symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♍︎			150° to 180°	6	Negative	Earth	Mutable	Summer	Winter	Mercury
The Scales	[[Image:Libra symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♎︎			180° to 210°	7	Positive	Air	Cardinal	Autumn	Spring	Venus
The Scorpion	[[Image:Scorpius symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♏︎			210° to 240°	8	Negative	Water	Fixed	Autumn	Spring	Pluto (or)	Mars
The Archer (Centaur)	[[Image:Sagittarius symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♐︎			240° to 270°	9	Positive	Fire	Mutable	Autumn	Spring	Jupiter
The Goat	[[Image:Capricornus symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]] [[File:Capricornus symbol (European, fixed width).svg	20px]]	♑︎			270° to 300°	10	Negative	Earth	Cardinal	Winter	Summer	Saturn
The Water-bearer	[[Image:Aquarius symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♒︎			300° to 330°	11	Positive	Air	Fixed	Winter	Summer	Uranus	Saturn
The Fish	[[Image:Pisces symbol (fixed width).svg	20px]]	♓︎			330° to 360°	12	Negative	Water	Mutable	Winter	Summer	Neptune	Jupiter

The twelve signs are positioned in a circular pattern, creating a pattern of oppositions related to different philosophically polarized attributes. Fire and air elements are generally 180 degrees opposed in Western astrology, as well as earth and water elements. Not all systems of astrology have four elements, notably the Sepher Yetzirah describes only three elements emanating from a central divine source. Spring signs are opposite to autumn ones, winter signs are opposite to summer ones and vice versa.

Aries is opposite to Libra
Taurus is opposite to Scorpio
Gemini is opposite to Sagittarius
Cancer is opposite to Capricorn
Leo is opposite to Aquarius
Virgo is opposite to Pisces

Polarity

In Western astrology, the polarity divides the zodiac in half and refers to the alignment of a sign's energy as either positive or negative, with various attributes associated to them as a result. Positive polarity signs, also called active, yang, expressive, or masculine signs, are the six odd-numbered signs of the zodiac: Aries, Gemini, Leo, Libra, Sagittarius, and Aquarius. Positive signs make up the fire and air triplicities. Negative polarity signs, also called passive, yin, receptive, or feminine signs, are the six even-numbered signs of the zodiac: Taurus, Cancer, Virgo, Scorpio, Capricorn, and Pisces. Negative signs make up the earth and water triplicities.

The three modalities

The modality or mode of a given sign refers to its position in the season it is found in. Each of the four elements manifests in three modalities: ‘’’cardinal’’’, ‘’’fixed’’’, and ‘’’mutable’’’. Each modality comprehends four signs, also known as Quadruplicities.

Modality	3 primes	Alt. symbols	Keywords	Fire signs	Water signs	Air signs	Earth signs	Cardinal	Fixed
20px	🜍	[[File:Cardinal symbol.svg	20px]]	Action, dynamic, initiative, great force	Aries	Cancer	Libra	Capricorn
20px	🜔	[[File:Fixed symbol.svg	20px	⊟]]	Resistance to change, great willpower, inflexible	Leo	Scorpio	Aquarius	Taurus
20px	☿	[[File:Mutable symbol.svg	20px	🜳]]	Adaptability, flexibility, resourcefulness	Sagittarius	Pisces	Gemini	Virgo

Triplicities of the four elements

Main article: Triplicity

℞}}), or apparent stationary moment (shift from retrograde to direct, or vice versa: S).

The Greek philosopher Empedocles identified fire, earth, air, and water as elements in the fifth-century BC. He explained the nature of the universe as an interaction of two opposing principles, love and strife, which manipulate the elements into different mixtures that produce the different natures of things. He stated all the elements are equal, the same age, rule their own provinces, and possess their own individual character. Empedocles said that those born with nearly equal proportions of the elements are more intelligent and have the most exact perceptions.

The elemental categories are called triplicities because each classical element is associated with three signs The four astrological elements are also considered as a direct equivalent to Hippocrates' personality types (sanguine = air; choleric = fire; melancholic = earth; phlegmatic = water). A modern approach looks at elements as "the energy substance of experience" and the next table tries to summarize their description through keywords. The elements have grown in importance and some astrologers begin natal chart interpretations by studying the balance of elements in the location of planets (especially the Sun and Moon) and the position of angles in the chart.

Polarity	Element	Symbol	Keywords	Sign triplicity
Positive	[[File:fire symbol (alchemical).svg	20px]]	Assertion, drive, willpower	Aries, Leo, Sagittarius
[[File:air symbol (alchemical).svg	20px]]	Communication, socialization, conceptualization	Gemini, Libra, Aquarius
Negative	[[File:earth symbol (alchemical).svg	20px]]	Practicality, caution, material world	Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn
[[File:water symbol (alchemical).svg	20px]]	Emotion, empathy, sensitivity	Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces

Celestial body rulerships

Representation of the western astrological signs in a 1716 ''[[Acta Eruditorum]]'' table illustration

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Rulership is the connection between planet and correlated sign and house. The conventional rulerships are as follows:

Aries: Mars
Taurus: Venus
Gemini: Mercury
Cancer: Moon
Leo: Sun
Virgo: Mercury
Libra: Venus
Scorpio: classically Mars, Pluto starting in the 20th century
Sagittarius: Jupiter
Capricorn: Saturn
Aquarius: classically Saturn, Uranus starting in the 20th century
Pisces: classically Jupiter, Neptune starting in the 20th century

Dignity and detriment, exaltation and fall

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A traditional belief of astrology, known as essential dignity, is the idea that the Sun, Moon, and planets are more powerful and effective in some signs than others because the basic nature of both is held to be in harmony. By contrast, they are held to find some signs to be weak or difficult to operate in because their natures are thought to be in conflict. These categories are Dignity, Detriment, Exaltation, and Fall.

Dignity and Detriment: A planet is strengthened or dignified if it falls within the sign that it rules. In other words, it is said to exercise Rulership of the sign. For example, the Moon in Cancer is considered "strong" (well-dignified). If a planet is in the sign opposite which it rules (or is dignified in), it is said to be weakened or in Detriment (for example, the Moon in Capricorn). This may also be termed a "debility".

In traditional astrology, other levels of Dignity are recognised in addition to Rulership. These are known as Exaltation, Triplicity, Terms or bounds, and Face or Decan, which together are known as describing a planet's Essential dignity, the quality or ability of one's true nature.

Exaltation and Fall: A planet is also strengthened when it is in its sign of exaltation. In traditional horary astrology, this denotes a dignity just less than rulership. Exaltation was considered to give the planet's significance(s) the dignity of an honoured guest: the centre of attention but constrained in power. Examples of planets in their Exaltation are: Saturn (Libra), Sun (Aries), Venus (Pisces), Moon (Taurus), Mercury (Virgo, although some disagree with this classification), Mars (Capricorn), Jupiter (Cancer). A planet in the opposite sign of this is in its fall, and thus weakened, perhaps more than Detriment. There is discord as to the signs in which the two extra-Saturnian planets may be considered to be exalted.

Planet (Symbol)	in dignity	in detriment	in exaltation
Leo	Aquarius	Aries	Libra
Cancer	Capricorn	Taurus	Scorpio
Gemini and Virgo	Sagittarius and Pisces	Virgo	Pisces
Libra and Taurus	Aries and Scorpio	Pisces	Virgo
Aries and Scorpio	Libra and Taurus	Capricorn	Cancer
Sagittarius and Pisces	Gemini and Virgo	Cancer	Capricorn
Capricorn and Aquarius	Cancer and Leo	Libra	Aries

In addition to essential dignity, the traditional astrologer considers Accidental dignity of planets. This is placement by house in the chart under examination. Accidental dignity is the planet's "ability to act". So we might have, for example, Moon in Cancer, dignified by rulership, is placed in the 12th house it would have little scope to express its good nature. The twelfth is a cadent house as are the third, sixth and ninth and planets in these houses are considered weak or afflicted. On the other hand, Moon in the first, fourth, seventh, or 10th would be more able to act as these are Angular houses. Planets in Succedent houses of the chart (second, fifth, eighth, eleventh) are generally considered to be of medium ability to act. Besides Accidental Dignity, there are a range of Accidental Debilities, such as retrogradation, Under the Sun's Beams, Combust, and so forth.

Additional classifications

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Each sign can be divided into three 10° sectors known as decans or decanates, though these have fallen into disuse. The first decanate is said to be most emphatically of its own nature and is ruled by the sign ruler. The next decanate is sub-ruled by the planet ruling the next sign in the same triplicity. The last decanate is sub-ruled by the next in order in the same triplicity.

While the element and modality of a sign are together sufficient to define it, they can be grouped to indicate their symbolism. The first four signs, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, and Cancer, form the group of personal signs. The next four signs, Leo, Virgo, Libra, and Scorpio form the group of interpersonal signs. The last four signs of the zodiac, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces, form the group of transpersonal signs.

Dane Rudhyar presented the tropical zodiac primary factors, used in the curriculum of the RASA School of Astrology. The tropical zodiac is the zodiac of seasonal factors as opposed to the sidereal zodiac (constellation factors). The primary seasonal factors are based on the changing ratio of sunlight and darkness across the year. The first factor is whether the chosen time falls in the half of the year when daylight is increasing, or the half of the year when darkness is increasing. The second factor is whether the chosen time falls in the half of the year when there is more daylight than darkness, or the half when there is more darkness than daylight. The third factor is which of the four seasons the chosen time falls in, defined by the first two factors. Thus

The spring season is when daylight is increasing and there is more daylight than darkness.
The summer season is when darkness is increasing and there is more daylight than darkness.
The autumn season is when darkness is increasing and there is more darkness than daylight.
The winter season is when daylight is increasing and there is more darkness than daylight.

Western sign gallery

File:Aries Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Aries at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Taurus Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Taurus at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Gemini Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Gemini at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Cancer Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Cancer at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Leo Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Leo at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Virgo Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Virgo at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Libra Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Libra at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Scorpio Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Scorpio at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Sagittarius Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Sagittarius at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Capricornus Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Capricornus at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Aquarius Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Aquarius at the Wisconsin State Capitol File:Pisces Astrological Sign at the Wisconsin State Capitol.jpg|Pisces at the Wisconsin State Capitol

Indian astrology

In Indian astrology (Jyotiṣa), the cosmological framework is based on the Pancha Mahābhūta, the five great elements: Fire (Agni), Earth (Pṛthvī), Air (Vāyu), Water (Jala), and Ether (Ākāśa). The master of fire is Mars, while Mercury is of land, Saturn of air, Venus of water, and Jupiter of ether.

Each of the five visible planets (excluding Sun and Moon) is associated with one of these elements as its ruling principle:

Mars (Maṅgala) is the ruler of Fire (Agni)
Mercury (Budha) rules Earth (Pṛthvī)
Saturn (Śani) governs Air (Vāyu)
Venus (Śukra) rules Water (Jala)
Jupiter (Bṛhaspati) governs Ether (Ākāśa)

Jyotisha recognises twelve zodiac signs (Rāśi), that correspond to those in Western astrology. The relation of the signs to the elements is the same in the two systems.

Nakshatras

Main article: Nakshatra

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A nakshatra (Devanagari: नक्षत्र, Sanskrit **, a metaphorical compound of ** 'map/chart', and ** 'guard'), or lunar mansion, is one of the 27 divisions of the sky identified by prominent star(s), as used in Hindu astronomy and astrology (Jyotisha). "Nakshatra" in Sanskrit, Kannada, Tulu and Tamil and Prakrit refers to stars themselves.

Chinese zodiac signs

Main article: Chinese zodiac

Chinese astrological signs operate on cycles of years, lunar months, and two-hour periods of the day (also known as shichen). A particular feature of the Chinese zodiac is its operation in a 60-year cycle in combination with the Five Phases of Chinese astrology (Wood, Fire, Metal, Water and Earth). Nevertheless, some researches say that there is an obvious relationship between the Chinese 12-year cycle and zodiac constellations: each year of the cycle corresponds to a certain disposal of Jupiter. For example, in the year of Snake Jupiter is in the Sign of Gemini, in the year of Horse Jupiter is in the Sign of Cancer and so on. So the Chinese 12-year calendar is a solar-lunar-jovian calendar.

Zodiac symbolism

The following table shows the twelve signs and their attributes.

Sign	Yin/Yang	Direction	Season	Fixed Element
Yang	North	Mid-Winter	Water	1st
Yin	North	Late Winter	Earth	2nd
Yang	East	Early Spring	Wood	3rd
Yin	East	Mid-Spring	Wood	4th
Yang	East	Late Spring	Earth	1st
Yin	South	Early Summer	Fire	2nd
Yang	South	Mid-Summer	Fire	3rd
Yin	South	Late Summer	Earth	4th
Yang	West	Early Autumn	Metal	1st
Yin	West	Mid-Autumn	Metal	2nd
Yang	West	Late Autumn	Earth	3rd
Yin	North	Early Winter	Water	4th

The twelve signs

Chart showing the 24 cardinal directions and the symbols of the sign associated with them.

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In Chinese astrology, the zodiac of twelve animal signs represents twelve different types of personality. The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the Rat, and there are many stories about the Origins of the Chinese Zodiac which explain why this is so. When the twelve zodiac signs are part of the 60-year calendar in combination with the four elements, they are traditionally called the twelve Earthly Branches. The Chinese zodiac follows the lunisolar Chinese calendar and thus the "changeover" days in a month (when one sign changes to another sign) vary each year. The following are the twelve zodiac signs in order.

子 Rat (Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Water): Rat years include 1900, 1912, 1924, 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008, 2020, 2032. The Rat also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Rat are 11pm – 1am.
丑 Ox (Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Earth: Ox years include 1901, 1913, 1925, 1937, 1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997, 2009, 2021, 2033. The Ox also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Ox are 1am – 3am.
寅 Tiger (Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Wood): Tiger years include 1902, 1914, 1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010, 2022, 2034. The Tiger also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Tiger are 3am – 5am.
卯 Rabbit (Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Wood): Rabbit Years include 1903, 1915, 1927, 1939, 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011, 2023, 2035. The Rabbit also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Rabbit are 5am – 7am.
辰 Dragon (Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Earth): Dragon years include 1904, 1916, 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012, 2024, 2036. The Dragon also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Dragon are 7am – 9am.
巳 Snake (Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Fire): Snake years include 1905, 1917, 1929, 1941, 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013, 2025, 2037. The Snake also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Snake are 9am – 11am.
午 Horse (Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Fire): Horse years include 1906, 1918, 1930, 1942, 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014, 2026, 2038. The Horse also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Horse are 11am – 1pm.
未 Goat (Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Earth): Goat years include 1907, 1919, 1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015, 2027, 2039. The Goat also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Goat are 1pm – 3pm.
申 Monkey (Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Metal): Monkey years include 1908, 1920, 1932, 1944, 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016, 2028, 2040. The Monkey also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Monkey are 3pm – 5pm.
酉 Rooster (Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Metal): Rooster years include 1909, 1921, 1933, 1945, 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017, 2029, 2041. The Rooster also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Rooster are 5pm – 7pm.
戌 Dog (Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Earth): Dog years include 1910, 1922, 1934, 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018, 2030, 2042. The Dog also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Dog are 7pm – 9pm.
亥 Pig (Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Water): Pig years include 1911, 1923, 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019, 2031, 2043. The Pig also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Pig are 9pm – 11pm.

The five elements

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Wood: The wood person has high morals, is self-confident, expansive and co-operative, with wide and varied interests and idealistic goals. The direction associated with Wood is East, and the season is spring, which makes it the fixed element for the animal signs Tiger and Rabbit.
Fire: The fire person has leadership qualities, dynamic passion, and is decisive, self-confident, positive, and assertive. The direction associated with Fire is South, and the season is summer, which makes it the fixed element for the animal signs Snake and Horse.
Earth: The earth person is serious, logical and methodical, intelligent, objective and good at planning. The direction associated with Earth is Center. The season for Earth is the changeover point of the four seasons. It is the fixed element for the animal signs Ox, Dragon, Goat and Dog.
Metal: The metal person is sincere, has fixed values and opinions, is strong of will, and has eloquence of speech. The direction associated with Metal is West. The season for Metal is Autumn. It is the fixed element for the animal signs Monkey and Rooster.
Water: The water person is persuasive, intuitive, and empathetic. The water person is objective and often sought out for their counsel. The direction associated with water is North. The season for Water is Winter. It is the fixed element for the animal signs Rat and Pig.

The five elements operate together with the twelve animal signs in a 60-year calendar. The five elements appear in the calendar in both their yin and yang forms and are known as the ten Heavenly Stems. The yin/yang split seen in the Gregorian calendar means years that end in an even number are Yang (representing masculine, active, and light), those that end with an odd number are Yin (representing feminine, passive and darkness), subject to Chinese New Year having passed.

Notes

References

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Rochberg, Francesca (1998), "Babylonian Horoscopes", American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. i–164. . .
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Sachs, Abraham (1948), "A Classification of the Babylonian Astronomical Tablets of the Seleucid Period", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 271–290. . .
Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Essentials of Vedic Astrology. England: The Wessex Astrologer Ltd.

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For example, the sign [[Aries (astrology). Aries]] is found in the first month of spring in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], so practitioners of astrology describe it as having a cardinal modality.{{Sfn. Woodwell. 2019
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