Ashland, Oregon

History

Prior to the arrival of White settlers in mid-19th century, the Shasta people lived in the valley along Ashland Creek approximately where today's city is located. Early Hudson's Bay Company hunters and trappers following the Siskiyou Trail passed through the site in the 1820s. In the late 1840s, mainly American settlers following the Applegate Trail began passing through the area. By the early 1850s, the Donation Land Claim Act brought many to the Rogue Valley and into conflict with its native people. These often violent clashes, known ultimately as the Rogue River Wars, continued until 1856.

In 1851, gold was discovered at Rich Gulch, a tributary of Jackson Creek, and a tent city grew on its banks, today's Jacksonville. Settlers arrived in the Ashland area in January 1852, including Robert B. Hargadine, Sylvester Pease, Abel D. Helman, Eber Emery, and others. Helman and Hargadine filed the first donation land claims in Ashland. Helman and Emery built a sawmill along what was then called Mill Creek to turn timber into lumber for settlers. In 1854, they and another settler, M. B. Morris, built a second mill, Ashland Flouring Mills, to grind local wheat into flour. The community around the mill became known as "Ashland Mills". A post office was established in Ashland Mills in 1855 with Helman as postmaster.

During the 1860s and 1870s the community grew, establishing a school, churches, businesses and a large employer, Ashland Woolen Mills, which produced clothing and blankets from local wool. In 1871, the Post Office dropped "Mills" from Ashland's name. In 1872 Reverend J. H. Skidmore opened a college, Ashland Academy, a predecessor of Southern Oregon University.

In 1887, Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco, California, were joined by rail at Ashland. Until 1926, when most rail service began taking a different route (east through Klamath Falls to avoid the steep grade through the Siskiyou Mountains), Ashland thrived on rail trade of local products, including pears, peaches, and apples.

In 1908, the Women's Civic Improvement Club petitioned for the creation of community space along Ashland Creek, which became Ashland Canyon Park. The discovery of lithia water near Emigrant Lake around the same time led to a plan to establish a mineral spa at the park. Voters approved bonds to pay for the project, which included piping the mineral water from its source to Ashland. The town engaged John McLaren, landscape architect of San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, to design the park, renamed Lithia Springs Park, later shortened to Lithia Park. Although the park was popular, the mineral spa plans proved too expensive for local taxpayers and were abandoned in 1916. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs took to bottling and selling mineral waters from the area's springs.

During the Fourth of July celebration in 1935, Angus L. Bowmer arranged the first performances of what would become the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. The festival has grown since then, and has become an award-winning and internationally known regional theater company.

Ashland was a sundown town at least until World War II.

Many of Ashland's historic buildings have been preserved and restored. The city has 59 individual structures and four historic districts (Downtown District, Siskiyou-Hargadine District, Railroad District, Skidmore Academy District) on the National Register of Historic Places. The structures include the Enders Building (home of the Columbia Hotel), which from 1910 to 1928 contained the largest mercantile establishment between Sacramento and Portland. Some of Ashland's houses built before 1900 are: the Orlando Coolidge House (1875), the Isaac Woolen House (1876), the W. H. Atkinson House (1880), the John McCall House (1883), the Nils Ahlstrom House (1888), the H. B. Carter House (1888), and the Colonel William H. Silsby House (1896). The E. V. Carter House (built in 1909) is in a remarkably good state of preservation.

Geography

Ashland is at 1949 ft above sea level in the foothills of the Siskiyou and Cascade ranges, about 15 mi north of the California border on Interstate 5 (I-5). About 10 mi south of Ashland and 5 mi north of the California border is Siskiyou Summit, which at 4310 ft is the highest point on I-5. Ashland is about 12 mi southeast of Medford and 285 mi south of Portland. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of about 6.6 sqmi, all land.

Ashland Creek and its tributaries begin on the flanks of Mount Ashland, at 7533 ft above sea level in the Siskiyou Mountains south of the city. Upstream (south) of the city boundary, these streams flow mainly through the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest. The creek flows through the city to meet Bear Creek, which roughly parallels I-5 along the east side of Ashland. Bear Creek, one of many streams in the Rogue Valley, flows generally northwest to join the Rogue River near Gold Hill, and from there the river flows generally west to its mouth on the Pacific Ocean.

Oregon Route 99, running roughly parallel to I-5, passes through downtown Ashland. Oregon Route 66 enters Ashland from the east and intersects Route 99 near the city center. Route 66 leads east 63 mi to Klamath Falls.

Climate

Ashland lies within Oregon's southwest interior climate zone, in which all but the higher-elevation sites are in the rain shadow of the Oregon Coast Range to the west. The largest urban areas in this zone in addition to Ashland are Medford and Grants Pass in the Rogue Valley, and Roseburg in the Umpqua River Valley further north. Although the mountain peaks in this zone receive up to 120 in of precipitation a year, the urban areas and the valleys in which they lie generally get 20 in or less. This valley climate is particularly good for growing fruit, especially pears, and for producing other crops and farm goods such as hay, grain, poultry, and beef.

Cloud cover in nearby Medford varies from an average of 21 percent in July to 86 percent in December. On average, precipitation falls in Ashland on 114 days each year and totals about 20 in. The average annual snowfall is only 1.4 in. The average relative humidity, measured at 4 p.m. daily, is 47 percent in Medford, varying from 26 percent in July to 76 percent in December. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Ashland has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb).

On average, Ashland tends to be 2-3 °F cooler than Medford due to being 600 feet higher in elevation. The coolest month is December, with an average high temperature of 47 F, and the warmest month is July, with an average high of about 88 F. The wettest "rain year" has been from July 1926 to June 1927 with 29.77 in and the driest from July 1954 to June 1955 with only 10.37 in. The wettest month on record has been December 1964 with 11.28 in, but the only other months with over 8 in have been December 1996 with 10.89 in, November 1903 with 8.10 in and November 1998 with 8.03 in.

Ashland's coldest recorded daytime temperature was 15 F in December 1972. During the full year, the coldest day of the year averages around 34 F or just above freezing. Warm summer nights are rare, with the record of 74 F being set as far back as 1910. The mean for the warmest summer night between 1991 and 2020 was at a mild 62 F.

|Jan record high F = 72 |Feb record high F = 78 |Mar record high F = 82 |Apr record high F = 94 |May record high F = 101 |Jun record high F = 105 |Jul record high F = 106 |Aug record high F = 108 |Sep record high F = 103 |Oct record high F = 97 |Nov record high F = 80 |Dec record high F = 70 |year record high F = 108 |Jan avg record high F = 63 |Feb avg record high F = 68 |Mar avg record high F = 73 |Apr avg record high F = 81 |May avg record high F = 89 |Jun avg record high F = 94 |Jul avg record high F = 99 |Aug avg record high F = 99 |Sep avg record high F = 95 |Oct avg record high F = 84 |Nov avg record high F = 70 |Dec avg record high F = 62 |year avg record high F = 101 |Jan avg record low F = 19 |Feb avg record low F = 21 |Mar avg record low F = 23 |Apr avg record low F = 26 |May avg record low F = 31 |Jun avg record low F = 37 |Jul avg record low F = 43 |Aug avg record low F = 42 |Sep avg record low F = 35 |Oct avg record low F = 26 |Nov avg record low F = 21 |Dec avg record low F = 17 |year avg record low F = 14 |Jan record low F = -1 |Feb record low F = -1 |Mar record low F = 15 |Apr record low F = 20 |May record low F = 23 |Jun record low F = 29 |Jul record low F = 32 |Aug record low F = 34 |Sep record low F = 27 |Oct record low F = 13 |Nov record low F = 12 |Dec record low F = -4 |year record low F= -4

Demographics

| align-fn = center

Racial and ethnic composition

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Ashland had a population of 21,360. The median age was 45.4 years. 14.3% of residents were under the age of 18 and 28.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 85.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 82.8 males age 18 and over.

99.9% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.1% lived in rural areas.

There were 9,832 households in Ashland, of which 19.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 37.2% were married-couple households, 19.9% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 34.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 10,966 housing units, of which 10.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 54.6% were owner-occupied and 45.4% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.2%.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 20,078 people, 9,409 households, and 4,542 families residing in the city. The population density was 3047 PD/sqmi. There were 10,455 housing units at an average density of 1587 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was about 90% White, 2% Asian, 1% African American, 1% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were about 5% of the population.

There were 9,409 households, out of which about 21% had children under the age of 18 living with them. About 34% were married couples living together; 10% had a female householder with no husband present, about 4% had a male householder with no wife present, and about 52% were non-families. About 38% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.63.

The median age in the city was 42.9 years. About 16% of residents were under the age of 18, and about 16% were between the ages of 18 and 24. Rounded to the nearest whole number, 21% were from 25 to 44 years old; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 18% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was about 46% male and 54% female.

In 2010, the median income for a household in the city was $41,334, and the median income for a family was $58,409. Males had a median income of $50,368 versus $34,202 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,941. About 21% of the population and 13% of families had incomes below the poverty line. Out of the total population, about 30% of those under the age of 18 and 3.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government

Ashland has a council-manager government since a Charter Amendment was passed by the voters in a Special Election in May 2020, (changing the form of government from Mayor/Administrator). It consists of a city manager, a mayor, and six council members. The mayor and council members are elected by the city's voters to serve staggered four-year terms.

Julie Akins, after serving a partial term as a city councilor, was elected as mayor in 2020. On January 23, 2023, she announced her resignation effective January 27. On February 7, the council unanimously elected Tonya Graham to serve the remainder of Akins' term.

Pam Marsh, a Democrat from Ashland, represents Ashland and all of Oregon House District 5 in the state legislature. As part of Oregon Senate District 3, Ashland is represented by Democrat Jeff Golden. At the federal level, Cliff Bentz, a Republican, represents Ashland as part of Oregon's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, both Democrats, serve the state of Oregon in the United States Senate.

Historically, Ashland has been a political outlier in southwest Oregon. In the presidential election of 1860, Ashland favored Abraham Lincoln while its neighbors strongly preferred pro-slavery candidates. In the early 1900s, Ashland voters supported women's suffrage and prohibition, generally out of step with the rest of the region. In more recent elections, Ashland has supported tax levies and environmental regulations opposed by voters elsewhere in Jackson and nearby counties. Critics sometimes refer to the city as the People's Republic of Ashland.

Economy

Income from tourism is important to Ashland's economy. A large number of restaurants, galleries, and retail stores cater to thousands of visitors who attend plays each year at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. In 2011, the festival sold more than 390,000 tickets to its theater productions.

The town's largest employer is Southern Oregon University (SOU), which has a faculty and staff of more than 750. In addition to the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and the university, health-service providers make significant contributions to the economy. Businesses related to outdoor recreation, transportation, technology, and light manufacturing are also important. In 2010, the Shakespeare Festival employed about 500 people, the hospital about 400, the public schools about 300, and the City of Ashland about 250. The Bathroom Readers' Press, which produces the Uncle John's Bathroom Reader books, is based in Ashland and San Diego. Brammo, specializing in battery-electric motorcycles, was based in Ashland but moved to Talent.

Arts and culture

The Oregon Shakespeare Festival has grown from a summer outdoor series in the 1930s to a season that stretches from February to October, incorporating Shakespearean and non-Shakespearean plays at three theaters. The OSF has become the largest regional repertory theater in the United States.

The Oregon Cabaret Theater features musicals and comedy throughout the year. Opened in 1986, the dinner theater occupies a former First Baptist Church built in Mission Revival style. The Ashland Independent Film Festival, which shows international and domestic films of almost every genre, takes place each April in the Varsity Theatre downtown. About 90 films are shown during the five days of the festival. In 2009, Ashland was the setting for the film adaptation of Neil Gaiman's Coraline.

The Oregon Center for the Arts at Southern Oregon University focuses on academic programs including creative arts (art, emerging media and creative writing), music, and theater. Affiliated with the center is the Schneider Museum of Art, which has rotation exhibitions of works featuring professional contemporary artists. Also affiliated with the center are chamber music concerts, a Shakespeare institute, a piano series, and other art-related events.

The annual Ashland New Plays Festival (ANPF) is a nonprofit organization that encourages playwrights to develop new work through public readings. Each year, the ANPF holds an international competition that winnows hundreds of submissions to four plays that are read to live audiences by professional actors during a five-day festival in October.

Museums and other points of interest

The National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in Ashland is the world's only laboratory dedicated to solving crimes against wildlife. Using forensic science, experts at the laboratory help wildlife officers to investigate possible crimes against animals and to establish links between victims and suspects in cases that go to court. The laboratory has assisted the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and foreign agencies concerned with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

The Ashland City Band (ACB) was organized in the late 19th century as the Ashland Brass Band. The band used an octagonal gazebo-style bandstand in Lithia Park until the Butler Memorial Band Shell was built in Lithia Park in 1946. The ACB gives public concerts there each summer between June and August.

Parks

Lithia Park is a 93 acre park, including 42 acre on the National Register of Historic Places, that begins near the downtown shopping area and extends upstream along Ashland Creek near the center of the city. It includes two ponds, a Japanese garden, tennis courts, two public greens, a bandshell (outdoor stage) and miles of hiking trails. The name Lithia comes from natural mineral water found in the Ashland area. It has a strong mineral taste and slight effervescence, and the lithia water fountains found on the town plaza are frequently tasted by unsuspecting tourists (often at the behest of residents or frequent visitors who use the fountains as a cheap, humorous Ashland initiation rite).

A hiking and biking path, the Bear Creek Greenway, begins in Ashland near the intersection of West Nevada Street with Helman Street, close to the confluence of Ashland Creek (which flows through Lithia Park). The 18 mi path follows Bear Creek between Ashland and Central Point and passes through Talent, Phoenix, and Medford.

Calle Guanajuato is a small park bordering Ashland Creek, with several restaurants offering outdoor dining.

Education

Southern Oregon University, a public co-ed four-year university founded in 1926, offers courses of study toward degrees in the liberal arts, science, business, and education. With an enrollment of about 4,400 undergraduates as of Fall 2020, this urban university also offers graduate-level programs on its 175 acre campus.

In 2020–21, about 59 percent of the university's students were women, and about 38 percent were men, while 3 percent were listed as other/unknown. The student–faculty ratio in 2020–21 was 19 to 1. Full-time undergraduate tuition in 2020–21 was about $11,000 per year for Oregon residents and $28,000 for non-residents.

The Oregon Extension is a college educational extension program located near Ashland in the Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument.

The Ashland School District oversees three elementary schools, three optional alternative programs for children in kindergarten through eighth grade; one middle school, and Ashland High School.

Media

The Mail Tribune, a newspaper based in Medford that published print editions several days a week, served Ashland until it ceased operations on January 13, 2023. The newspaper also owned the Ashland Daily Tidings, which ran Monday through Saturday until 2019. A non-profit news organization, Ashland News, was founded in 2022 by a former Daily Tidings editor and has two reporters. The Daily Tidings domain name was purchased by an unidentified operator in 2024 who began publishing fake articles created by generative AI using the stolen identities of actual journalists.

Fifteen radio stations operate in the region around Ashland, including Jefferson Public Radio and KSKQ, an independent non-profit broadcasting at 89.5 FM. A former student-run radio station with the call letters KSOC and the nickname "Radio Free Ashland" shut down in February 2013 after 14 years of broadcasting. Rogue Valley Community Television, based at Southern Oregon University, serves Jackson and Josephine counties. Ashland has no commercial television stations, but nearby Medford has seven.

Infrastructure and public services

The Asante Ashland Community Hospital is a general medical and surgical hospital that is part of the Asante health network based in Medford. As of 2015, it has 49 inpatient beds.

The Ashland Public Library building was expanded from the city's original Carnegie library. In 2003, the historic Carnegie portion of the library was restored. In 2006, budget problems led to the closing in April 2007 of the Ashland Library and 14 others in Jackson County. The event, which lasted until October 2007, was the largest library closure in U.S. history. Although some of its services are handled by a private company, Library Systems and Services, the Ashland branch remains part of the Jackson County network of public libraries.

Rogue Valley Transportation District (RVTD) provides bus service to much of the city, with connections to Medford, Central Point, Talent, Phoenix, White City, and Jacksonville. In Medford, passengers can connect to other regional bus lines, including the Southwest POINT, a daily shuttle carrying passengers between Brookings and the Amtrak station in Klamath Falls. The Klamath Falls Amtrak Station serves the Coast Starlight long-haul passenger train on track owned by the Union Pacific Railroad. Ashland Municipal Airport, with a 3600 ft asphalt runway, offers general aviation services. Medford International Airport, 12 mi from Ashland, also serves the city.

The City of Ashland moved to improve local broadband Internet access in the late 1990s by creating the Ashland Fiber Network (AFN) and building a fiber optic ring inside the city boundaries. However, by 2006 the city faced difficulties servicing AFN's debt load, which was approaching $15.5 million. The city hired a new AFN director, Joe Franell, who suggested scrapping cable television service while retaining the more profitable high-speed Internet access. In October 2006, the cable television service was transferred to a local company, Ashland Home Net, while the City retained both the infrastructure and the wholesale Internet business.

In popular culture

• The Bakeshop Mystery series by Ellie Alexander, which began with the 2014 publication of Meet Your Baker, is set in Ashland. The heroine of the series owns an artisan bakeshop on the Plaza, and the novels often feature local landmarks and institutions such as Lithia Park, Oregon State University, and the Oregon Shakespeare Festival.
• Coraline is set in a fictionalized version of Ashland. The city was chosen due to its status as home of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival, as Miss Spink and Miss Forcible, two supporting characters in the film, are retired Shakespearean actresses.

Sister cities

Ashland has two sister cities:

• Mexico Guanajuato, Mexico
• Ukraine Sviatohirsk, Ukraine

Notable people

· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability. · The biographical article must mention how they are associated with Ashland, whether born, raised, residing, or interred. · The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited, unless it is well-known. · Alphabetical by last name please · All others will be deleted without further explanation

• Harry Anderson (1952–2018), magician and TV actor
• Angelique Ashby (1975−), born in Ashland, California State Senator
• Les AuCoin (1942–), former congressman
• Tai Babilonia (1959–), champion pairs figure skater
• John Backus (1924–2007), computer scientist who created Fortran
• Dallen Bounds (1971–1999), serial killer
• Angus L. Bowmer (1904–1979), founder of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival
• Erskine Caldwell (1903–1987), author, never lived in Ashland, but is buried there
• Craig Chaquico (1954–), guitarist formerly with Jefferson Starship
• Gretchen Corbett (1947–), actress, debuted as Desdemona at the OSF
• Chad Cota (1971–), former National Football League player
• Catherine E. Coulson (1943–2015), stage and screen actress
• Alex Cox (1954–), film director
• Ann Curry (1956–), former anchor on The Today Show
• Ana Delfosse (1931–2017), Formula One mechanic and driver in Argentina; gas-station operator in Ashland
• Alice DiMicele (1965–), musician
• Jack Elam (1920–2003), actor
• Gordon Fee (1934–2022), American-Canadian theologian
• David Fincher (1962–), film director
• Gloria Greer (1908–1931), actress
• Johnny Gruelle (1880–1938), creator of Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy
• Jeremy Guthrie (1979–), pitcher for the Kansas City Royals
• Valerie Harper (1939–2019), actress
• Johnny Harris, journalist and YouTuber
• Anthony Heald (1944–), television, film, and stage actor
• Abel Helman (1824–1910), town founder
• Frank C. High (1875–1966), Medal of Honor recipient for actions during the Philippine–American War
• Gary "Chicken" Hirsh (1940–2021), former drummer for Country Joe and the Fish
• Peter Hollens (1982–), independent a capella singer/songwriter
• Jean Houston (1937–), author, lecturer, known for her work in human potentials, Mystery School and Social Artistry
• Lawson Fusao Inada (1938–), Oregon Poet Laureate 2006–10, Professor Emeritus at Southern Oregon University
• Dean Ing (1931–2020), author
• Forrest Kline (1983–), musician
• Otto Klum (1892–1944), football coach
• Tonya Knight (1966–2023), bodybuilder, actress, model
• Hal Koerner (1976–), ultramarathon runner, two-time winner of the Western States Endurance Run
• Winona LaDuke (1959–), Native American activist and vice-presidential candidate for the Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2000
• Leonard Levy (1923–2006), Pulitzer Prize-winning historian
• Rose Maddox (1925–1998), country-western musician
• Steve Mason (1949–2005), "poet laureate" of the Vietnam Veterans of America
• Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977), author of Lolita
• Mark Parent (1961–), former baseball player and currently bench coach for the Chicago White Sox
• Alfred Peet (1920–2007), founder of Peet's Coffee & Tea
• Jim Perry (1933–2015), television personality
• Bill Rauch (1962–), American theater director; directed the Oregon Shakespeare Festival from 2007 to 2019
• Tucker Reed (1989–), blogger, author, journalist and activist
• Jeff Rense, talk-radio host
• Ron Rezek (1946–), industrial designer and inventor
• Sonny Sixkiller (1951–), former National Football League quarterback
• Jon Micah Sumrall (1980–), lead singer of Christian rock band Kutless
• Jerry Turner (1927–2004), stage designer and director
• Larry Wagner (1907–2002), arranger and composer for Paul Whiteman and the Casa Loma Orchestra
• Neale Donald Walsch (1943–), author of the Conversations with God series
• Henry Woronicz (1954–), actor and director

References

Works cited

References

1. Battaglia, Roman. (January 8, 2026). "Ashland Appoints Councilor Tonya Graham As Its New Mayor". OPB.
2. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau.
3. "Geographic Identifiers: Ashland City, Oregon". U.S. Census Bureau.
4. {{GNIS. 2409740
5. "History of Ashland". City of Ashland.
6. (2001). "Ashland Oregon: From Stage Coach to Center Stage: Ashland Depot Hotel, South Wing". National Park Service.
7. Maynard, Guy. (April 11, 2016). "Just People Like Us". [[Oregon Humanities]].
8. "Oregon Historic Sites Database".
9. "Historic Districts - Map Center - City of Ashland, Oregon".
10. "Ashland Oregon: From Stage Coach to Center Stage: Introduction". National Park Service.
11. "Ashland, Oregon: From Stage Coach to Center Stage: Enders Building". National Park Service.
12. "Coolidge House | Ashland, Oregon".
13. "Isaac Woolen House (U.S. National Park Service)".
14. "W. H. Atkinson House (U.S. National Park Service)".
15. "W. H. Atkinson House".
16. "National Register #77001101: H. B. Carter House in Ashland, Oregon".
17. "John McCall House (U.S. National Park Service)".
18. "National Register #85000365: Colonel William H. Silsby House in Ashland, Oregon".
19. (10 January 2014). "Historic Names and Timeline | the Carter House Inn".
20. (2013). "The 2013 Road Atlas". Rand McNally.
21. LaLande, Jeff. "Siskiyou Pass". Portland State University.
22. "Ashland Community Profile". Oregon Infrastructure Finance Authority.
23. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
24. (2008). "Oregon Atlas & Gazetteer". DeLorme.
25. "Monthly Averages for Ashland, Oregon". The Weather Channel Interactive.
26. "NOWData Forecast Office Medford, OR". [[NOAA]].
27. "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]].
28. "NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]].
29. Moffatt, Riley Moore. (1996). "Population History of Western U.S. Cities and Towns, 1850–1990". Scarecrow Press.
30. "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau.
31. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
32. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
33. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
34. "U.S. Census website". U.S. Census Bureau.
35. "City Council". City of Ashland.
36. "Incorporated Cities: Ashland". State of Oregon.
37. Baber, Camryn. (January 23, 2023). "Ashland Mayor announces her resignation, after serving two years in office".
38. Rothborne, Morgan. "Ashland council elects Graham as city mayor".
39. (2017). "Your Government: Pam Marsh". The Oregonian.
40. (2019). "Your Government: Ashland". The Oregonian.
41. "Cliff Bentz". Ballotpedia.
42. LaLande, Jeff. "Ashland". Portland State University.
43. (2011). "The Ashland Economy". Ashland Chamber of Commerce.
44. (2013). "About Us". The Bathroom Reader's Institute.
45. "Company Overview of Brammo, Inc.". Bloomberg Businessweek.
46. "The Cabaret Story (So Far)".
47. "About AIFF". Ashland Independent Film Festival.
48. Wloszczyna, Susan. (February 5, 2009). "Coraline Is the Perfect Young Heroine for Hard Times". USA Today.
49. (2018). "Oregon Center for the Arts". Southern Oregon University.
50. (February 5, 2013). "About Us". Ashland New Plays Festival.
51. "About the Laboratory". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
52. Graves, Kathy. "Ashland City Band: A Short History". Ashland City Band.
53. "Lithia Park". National Park Service.
54. O'Harra, Marjorie. (1986). "Lithia Park". Ashland Parks and Recreation Department.
55. Miller, Bill. (August 5, 2007). "A Drink of Water and a Puckered Face". Mail Tribune.
56. Aldous, Vickie. (November 21, 2007). "City Council Approves 'Green' Subdivision". Ashland Daily Tidings.
57. Drake, F.B. III. (June 30, 2009). "Fowl Play: Water You Waiting For?". Ashland Daily Tidings.
58. Aldous, Vickie. (December 11, 2007). "Verde Village Offers Shades of Green". Ashland Daily Tidings.
59. "Bear Creek Greenway Foundation". Bear Creek Greenway Foundation.
60. Burke, Anita. (June 2, 2017). "Outdoor dining for summer days (and nights)".
61. (2022). "Southern Oregon University". U.S. News & World Report.
62. Jake Scott, Office of Institutional Research. (2020). "Fact Book 2020".
63. Jake Scott, Office of Institutional Research. (2020). "Fact Book 2020".
64. "The Oregon Extension".
65. Leikvold, Anna. (February 25, 2021). "Why You Should Definitely Apply for the Oregon Extension".
66. (2024). "About the District". Ashland School District.
67. Neumann, Erik. (January 11, 2013). "Medford Mail Tribune announces it will close Friday". Oregon Public Broadcasting.
68. (2013). "Oregon Blue Book: Newspapers Published in Oregon". Oregon Secretary of State.
69. Westneat, Danny. (December 14, 2024). "'Do we exist?' A robot news site shadows a Northwest town". The Seattle Times.
70. Haas, Ryan. (December 9, 2024). "AI slop is already invading Oregon's local journalism". Oregon Public Broadcasting.
71. (2013). "JPR: Jefferson Public Radio". Jefferson Public Radio.
72. "KSKQ 89.5". Ashland Community Radio.
73. Darling, John. (February 4, 2013). "SOU's KSOC Radio Station Closes". Mail Tribune.
74. (2013). "About". Rogue Valley Community Television.
75. (2013). "Oregon Commercial Television Stations". Oregon Secretary of State.
76. (2015). "Welcome to Asante Ashland Community Hospital". Asante.
77. (2009). "JCLS Ashland Library Branch". Jackson County Library Services.
78. Batistella, Edwin. (March 1, 2010). "BackTalk: What a Library Closure Taught Me".
79. Strand, Muriel. (2011). "Public Library Privatization - A Case Study". League of Women Voters.
80. (2022). "About". Rogue Valley Transportation District.
81. (2022). "Regional Public Transit Services". Rogue Valley Transportation District.
82. "Klamath Falls, OR (KFS)". Amtrak.
83. (2012). "Airport Master Record: Ashland Muni Sumner Parker Field". Federal Aviation Administration.
84. (July 2010). "Ashland Fiber Network: Proposed 2010–2013 Strategic Business Plan". City of Ashland.
85. Aldous, Vickie. (March 9, 2006). "New AFN Director Approved". Ashland Daily Tidings.
86. Aldous, Vickie. (May 3, 2006). "City to Keep AFN, Dump TV". Ashland Daily Tidings.
87. Aldous, Vicky. (October 20, 2006). "City Hands Over TV". Ashland Daily Tidings.
88. (October 12, 2020). "How the Classic #OregonMade Film "Coraline" Came To Be Set In Ashland, OR".
89. "Ashland's Sister City". City of Ashland.
90. (June 7, 2004). "Guanajuato Room to be Dedicated". City of Ashland.
91. Darling, John. (April 17, 2018). "Ashland magician Harry Anderson went on to TV success".
92. (2024). "Angelique Ashby".
93. "AuCoin, Les". United States Congress.
94. (November 23, 2008). "Tai Babilonia Hangs Up Her Skates in Ashland". The Oregonian.
95. Lohr, Steve. (March 19, 2007). "John W. Backus, 82, Fortran Developer, Dies". The New York Times.
96. "Our History". Oregon Shakespeare Festival.
97. Turner, Kernan. (September 3, 2010). "Novelist Erskine Caldwell's Ashes Rest in Ashland, Ore.". Jefferson Public Radio.
98. Brennan, Sandra. "Craig Chaquico: Biography".
99. Erickson, Hal. (2014). "Gretchen Corbett: Full Biography". [[The New York Times]].
100. "Chad Cota". ESPN.
101. "Catherine E. Coulson".
102. Klotz, Frieda. (June 13, 2011). "Director of 'Sid and Nancy' Talks About His New Job: Professor". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
103. Max, Kevin. (April 1, 2012). "Top 5 Things Ann Curry Loves About Oregon". Deschutes Media.
104. Eastman, Janet. (June 5, 2017). "Race Car Driver Ana Delfosse, Who Broke Speed Records and Social Barriers, Remembered by Ashland Friends (Photos)". Advance Digital.
105. Mokma, Deborah. (March 1998). "Demons & Angels". Alice DiMicele.
106. McCormack, Tiffany. "Jack Elam (1920–2003)". Portland State University.
107. Marx, Rebecca Flint. (2014). "David Fincher: Full Biography". [[The New York Times]].
108. "''Raggedy Ann in Ashland'' by Dawna Curler". As It Was Master Script List, Southern Oregon Historical Society.
109. (October 26, 2013). "Guthrie to Help Fund Ashland Prep Field". Mail Tribune.
110. Harper, Valerie. (March 11, 2013). "'I, Rhoda': Valerie Harper looks back at her life". [[Today (American TV program).
111. Hughley, Marty. (June 5, 2010). "Seasoned by Broadway and Hollywood, actor Anthony Heald reaches new peaks at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival". The Oregonian.
112. "Applegate Trail Settlement". National Park Service.
113. (May 9, 2009). "Since You Asked: Decorated Soldier Was in the Volunteer Infantry". Mail Tribune.
114. Eder, Bruce. "Gary "Chicken" Hirsh".
115. Hollens, Peter. "Peter Hollens A Cappella Vocalist Producer Eugene Oregon Arranging Mixing On The Rocks". Peter Hollens Music.
116. Houston, Jean. "Home of Jean Houston - Ashland, Oregon". Jean Houston Foundation.
117. Wixon, Vincent. "Lawson Fusao Inada (1938-)". Portland State University.
118. "Dean Ing". Macmillan Publishers.
119. Kahen-kashi, David. (September 19, 2013). "Q&A: Forrest Kline of Hellogoodbye". The Eagle.
120. (September 25, 1944). "'Proc' Klum Dies of Heart Attack". Berkeley Daily Gazette.
121. "Tonya Knight". CBS Interactive.
122. Mordhorst, Todd. (June 27, 2009). "Koerner's Repeat Worth the Wait". Gold Country Media.
123. Ritter, Peter. (October 11, 2000). "Party Crasher". City Pages LLC.
124. "Southern Oregon University - Faculty 2000-2001". Southern Oregon University.
125. Ratliff, Ben. (April 18, 1998). "Rose Maddox, 72, Country Singer of the '40s". The New York Times.
126. (May 27, 2005). "Steve Mason, 65, Had Been Battling Cancer". Mail Tribune.
127. Guzik, Hannah. (July 29, 2010). "A Literary Giant's Love of Butterflies". Mail Tribune.
128. "Mark Parent Stats". Baseball Almanac.
129. Marshall, Carolyn. (September 3, 2007). "Alfred H. Peet, 87, Dies; Leader of a Coffee Revolution". The New York Times.
130. Darling, John. (November 25, 2015). "Former TV Game-Show Host Jim Perry Dies". Mail-Tribune.
131. "Bill Rauch, Oregon Shakespeare Theatre website".
132. Tribune, Nick Morgan of the Mail. (May 27, 2020). "Tucker Reed pleads guilty to manslaughter in Ruch area shooting".
133. Smith, James L.. (April 27, 2015). "Used Canard Salesman". Southern Poverty Law Center.
134. Scelfo, Julie. (August 5, 2009). "Shopping With Ron Rezek: Fans That Look Cool". The New York Times.
135. Blount, Roy Jr.. (October 4, 1971). "The Magic Number Is Sixkiller". Time, Inc..
136. Wolf, Carissa. (September 23, 2003). "Christian Rockers Confronting the Maladies of Life". The Idaho Statesman.
137. Rourke, Mary. (September 21, 2004). "Jerry Turner, 76; Led Oregon Shakespeare Festival to New Heights". Los Angeles Times.
138. Rayno, Don. (2012). "Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, 1930-1967". Scarecrow Press.
139. Varble, Bill. (September 14, 1997). "Former Rogue Valley Radio Host Finds Success in Conversations with God". Mail Tribune.
140. Shirley, Don. (February 2, 1997). "Trading In a Desk for Footlights". Los Angeles Times.