Art Workers' Guild

History

The guild was not the first organisation to promote the unity of the arts. Two organisations, the Fifteen and St George's Art Society had existed previously, and the architect John Belcher. The motive for the guild's creation was the summer exhibition in 1883 at the Royal Academy of Arts, where the "mother of arts" were snubbed to two side walls in one gallery. Edward Prior wrote in November 1883,

Others were soon invited to join, including Fifteen members Lewis Foreman Day, George Blackall Simonds and J. D. Sedding, as well as architects Somers Clarke, John Thomas Micklethwaite, W. C. Marshall, Basil Champneys; painters Herbert Gustave Schmalz, Alfred Parsons, John McLure Hamilton, William R. Symonds and etcher Theodore Blake Wirgman. The name and prospectus was agreed and the guild was formally created on 11 March and by its first formal annual meeting on 5 December 1884 it had grown to 56 members. Its first master was the sculptor, George Blackall Simonds. In 1885, Walter Crane reiterated the guild's worries to the Fabian Society,

The guild organised talks, lectures, demonstrations and meetings to bring unity of the arts to its members including guest speakers such as Lucien Pissarro in 1891. Sir Edwin Lutyens was first invited as a guest in 1892 and recalled: but he joined later and admired the freedom to argue passionately and: By 1895 the guild had 195 members and included such luminaries as William Morris and Thomas Graham Jackson. At that year's annual general meeting, the elected Master Heywood Sumner declared to the members:

This comment was confirmed in 1900 when the government recruited guild members Thomas Graham Jackson, William Blake Richmond, Edward Onslow Ford, and Walter Crane to the Council for Advice on Art, and they reorganised the Royal College of Art in line with Art Workers' Guild ideals. The Junior Guild was not a great success and by 1928 was confirmed by members that it had outlived its purpose. However, Masters H. M. Fletcher and Basil Oliver had come through the junior guild.

In 1902, on retiring from the Master's position, George Frampton stressed that only properly qualified candidates should be elected to the guild, and in 1905 the membership election system was amended. However Frampton caused controversy in 1915, calling for Karl Krall, a German-born member, to have his membership revoked due to his nationality during World War I. The guild voted by a one-vote majority to allow Krall to keep his membership, so Frampton resigned. Krall was so upset by the debates that led to the vote that he also resigned and asked that he never be contacted by the guild again.

During World War II the guild's income dropped considerably, however they remained solvent under the "zealous guardianship of the funds" of honorary treasurer Laurence Arthur Turner. In 1945, the War Memorial Advisory Committee asked the guild for its ideas on war memorials, to which the guild responded by deploring mass-produced war memorials and advising on well designed carved inscriptions on the walls of the church cut by individual craftsmen.

The Art Workers Guild gave rise to many offshoots, including the Birmingham, Liverpool, the Northern Art Workers' Guild in Manchester, the Edinburgh Art Workers' Guild and the Junior Art Workers' Guild but the biggest was the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society. The guild began as a male-only organisation, leading May Morris to start the Women’s Guild of Arts in 1907 as an alternative for women. In 1914 the women's guild was allowed to use the meeting hall at Queens Square, but they were not allowed to have their roll call on the walls. There was great discussion between members about letting in women with Hamilton T. Smith writing to Arthur Llewellyn Smith in 1958 stated: In the 1959 Annual Report, it stated that it was "discussed at length but not put to the vote, it being felt that so revolutionary a proposal needed further careful discussion". Further discussions occurred over the next few years, and in 1962 past master Brian Thomas asked: It was not until 1964 that the brothers, at a special meeting, agreed to admit women to the guild. The first women to join was the wood engraver Joan Hassall who became the first female Master in 1972. In 1949, the members of the Junior Art Workers' Guild were invited to join the guild after their organisation closed down.

In 1985, a centenary exhibition was held at the Brighton Museum and Art Gallery. In a review of the exhibition by Colin Amery in The Burlington Magazine, Amery stated that the exhibition showed "the current Guildsmen work did not have the weight and quality to carry hope of a new spring".

The guild's home

The guild held its meetings initially in rented space. Between 1884 and 1888, it used the Century Club's rooms at 6 Pall Mall Place in Pall Mall, London, from 1888 to 1894 it used Barnard's Inn, Holborn and then between 1894 and 1914 they used Clifford's Inn.

However, the architects Arnold Dunbar Smith and Cecil Claude Brewer had an office in the front of the early Georgian house at 6 Queen Square, Bloomsbury and, when they heard that the freehold was for sale, encouraged the guild to buy it. At the opening, Master Harold Speed said to his fellow Brothers that he knew they would miss, and afterwards copied by Ernest Gimson and his successors. The Master sits in a seat designed by Lethaby and a table by Benson. The building contains portraits of every Master since 1884.

The guild rents space to the British Society of Master Glass Painters at Queen Square. The top two floors are rented as an apartment to designers Ben Pentreath and Charlie McCormick.

Recent history and notable members

The guild is today a society of artists, craftsmen and designers with a common interest in the interaction, development and distribution of creative skills. Its 350 members work at the highest levels of excellence in their professions, representing over 60 creative disciplines. Their main charitable aim is to support the visual arts and crafts in any way that may be beneficial to the community. The guild continues to programme lectures and workshops for its members to promote the exchange of knowledge among art workers of all disciplines.

Current notable members include artist Chila Kumari Burman, Jane Cox, a Fellow of the Craft Potters Association and Chair of the Outreach Committee of the Art Workers Guild (who run projects across various institutions such as the V&A, Courtauld Institute, Watts Gallery and Imperial College London) and Fleur Oates, a lacemaker and embroiderer who is the artist in residence at Imperial College's vascular surgery department.

The guild was visited by Prince Charles and Camilla, the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall in 2015 as part of the London Craft Week. In 2018, the guild staged the exhibition Salon des Refusés, 30 pieces of work by RIBA’s Traditional Architecture Group that had been rejected by the Royal Academy's Piers Gough architecture room.

In 2023, the guild put forward designs from eight of its Brothers to create rough designs for King Charles coronation invitations. Andrew Jamieson was chosen and his floral design was printed on recycled card.

Past Masters of the guild

• 1884–85 George Blackall Simonds
• 1886–87 John D. Sedding
• 1888–89 Walter Crane
• 1890 John Brett
• 1891 Sir W. B. Richmond
• 1892 William Morris
• 1893 J. T. Micklethwaite
• 1894 Heywood Sumner
• 1895 Edward Onslow Ford
• 1896 Sir T. Graham Jackson
• 1897 Lewis Foreman Day
• 1898 Thomas Stirling Lee
• 1899 Sir Mervyn Macartney
• 1900 Selwyn Image
• 1901 Sir Frank Short
• 1902 Sir George Frampton
• 1903 Charles Harrison Townsend
• 1904 Sir Emery Walker
• 1905 Sir Charles Holroyd
• 1906 Edward S. Prior
• 1907 William Strang
• 1908 F. W. Pomeroy
• 1909 Sir George Clausen
• 1910 Halsey Ricardo
• 1911 W. R. Lethaby
• 1912 C. W. Whall
• 1913 Edward Prioleau Warren
• 1914 Thomas Okey
• 1915 H. R. Hope-Pinker
• 1916 Harold Speed
• 1917 Henry Wilson
• 1918 Walter Shirley, 11th Earl Ferrers
• 1919 Arthur Rackham
• 1920 R. W. S. Weir(previously known as Robert Weir Schultz)
• 1921 R. Anning Bell
• 1922 Laurence A. Turner
• 1923 Francis W. Troup
• 1924 C. F. Annesley Voysey
• 1925 Gilbert Bayes
• 1926 John Leighton
• 1927 Sir Francis Newbolt
• 1928 F. Ernest Jackson
• 1929 C. R. Ashbee
• 1930 Henry Martineau Fletcher (also known as H. M. Fletcher)
• 1931 Edmund J. Sullivan
• 1932 Basil Oliver
• 1933 Sir Edwin Lutyens
• 1934 F. L. Griggs
• 1935 Ernest G. Gillick
• 1936 Harry Morley
• 1937 Frederick Marriott
• 1938 Richard Garbe
• 1939–40 Hamilton T. Smith
• 1941 Percy J. Delf Smith
• 1942 George Parlby
• 1943 Sir Albert Richardson
• 1944 William Henry Ansell
• 1945 James Humphries Hogan
• 1946 Cecil Thomas
• 1947 Stephen J. B. Stanton
• 1948 Eric Hesketh Hubbard
• 1949 T. A. Darcy Braddell
• 1950 Leonard Walker
• 1951 Cyril Kenneth Bird (also known as Fougasse)
• 1952 Gerald Cobb
• 1953 W. Godfrey Allen
• 1954 William Washington
• 1955 Reginald Robert Tomlinson
• 1956 Donald H. McMorran
• 1957 Brian D. L. Thomas
• 1958 Laurence Bradshaw
• 1959 Henry Medd
• 1960 Stuart Tresilian
• 1961 Sydney M. Cockerell
• 1962 Sir Gordon Russell
• 1963 Milner Grey
• 1964 Arthur Llewellyn Smith
• 1965 William J. Wilson
• 1966 William F. Howard
• 1967 John Brandon-Jones
• 1968 Charles Hutton
• 1969 Frederick Bentham
• 1970 Bruce Allsopp
• 1971 Paul Edward Paget
• 1972 Joan Hassall
• 1973 David Peace
• 1974 Rodney Tatchell
• 1975 Dennis Flanders
• 1976 Roderick Enthoven
• 1977 Arthur Bultitude
• 1978 Sean Crampton
• 1979 Rev. Gordon Taylor
• 1980 John Peter Foster
• 1981 Philip Bentham
• 1982 Margaret Maxwell
• 1983 John R. Biggs
• 1984 Sir Peter Shepheard
• 1985 John Skelton
• 1986 Paddy (Patricia) Curzon-Price
• 1987 Roderick Gradidge
• 1988 Carl Dolmetsch
• 1989 Roderick Ham
• 1990 John Lawrence
• 1991 Anthony Ballantine
• 1992 Kenneth Budd
• 1993 Marthe Armitage
• 1994 Robin Wyatt
• 1995 Richard Grasby
• 1996 Glynn Boyd Harte
• 1997 Josephine Harris
• 1998 Peyton Skipwith
• 1999 Ian Archie Beck
• 2000 Donald Buttress
• 2001 Zachary Taylor
• 2002 Edward Greenfield
• 2003 Christopher Boulter
• 2004 Sally Pollitzer
• 2005 Dick Reid
• 2006 Stephen Gotlieb
• 2007 Assheton Gorton
• 2008 Brian Webb
• 2009 Alison Jensen
• 2010 Sophie MacCarthy
• 2011 Sir Edmund Fairfax Lucy
• 2012 George Hardie
• 2013 Julian Bicknell
• 2014 Prue Cooper
• 2015 Anthony Paine
• 2016 David Birch
• 2017 Phil Abel
• 2018 Jane Cox
• 2019 Anne Thorne
• 2020-21 Alan Powers
• 2021-22 Tracey Sheppard
• 2023 Fred Baier
• 2024 Rob Ryan
• 2025 Simon Smith

References

References

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