Arsenal

Etymology

The term in English entered the language in the 16th century as a loanword from , itself deriving from the term , which in turn is thought to be a corruption of , ar, meaning "manufacturing shop".

Types

A lower-class arsenal, which can furnish the materiel and equipment of a small army, may contain a laboratory, gun and carriage factories, and small-arms ammunition, small arms, harness, saddlery, tent and powder factories; in addition, it must possess great storehouses. In a second-class arsenal, the factories would be replaced by workshops. The situation of an arsenal should be governed by strategic considerations. If of the first class, it should be situated at the base of operations and supply, secure from attack, not too near a frontier, and placed so as to draw in readily the resources of the country. The importance of a large arsenal is such that its defences would be on the scale of those of a large fortress.

In the early 21st century, the term "floating armoury" described a ship storing weapons to be supplied to merchant vessels in international waters subject to piracy, so that the weapons do not enter territorial waters where they would be illegal.

Arsenal usually describes 100 or more weapons or firearms.

Operational subdivision

The branches in a great arsenal are usually subdivided into storekeeping, construction and administration:

• Under storekeeping the arsenal should have the following departments and stores: Departments of issue and receipt, pattern room, armoury department, ordnance or park, harness, saddlery and accoutrements, camp equipment, tools and instruments, engineer store, timber yard, breaking-up store, and unserviceable store.
• Under construction: Gun factory, carriage factory, laboratory, small arms factory, harness and tent factory, gunpowder factory, etc. In a second-class arsenal there would be workshops instead of factories.
• Under the head of administration would be classed the chief director of the arsenal, officials military and civil, non-commissioned officers and military artificers, civilian foremen, workmen and laborers, with the clerks and writers necessary for the office work of the establishments.

In the manufacturing branches are required skill, and efficient and economical work, both executive and administrative; in the storekeeping part, good arrangement, great care, thorough knowledge of all warlike stores, both in their active and passive state, and scrupulous exactness in the custody, issue and receipt of stores. Frederick Taylor introduced command and control techniques to arsenals, including the U.S.'s Watertown Arsenal (a principal center for artillery design and manufacture) and Frankford Arsenal (a principal center for small arms ammunition design and manufacture).

References

References

1. Soanes, Catherine and Stevenson, Angus (ed.) (2005). ''Oxford Dictionary of English'', 2nd Ed., revised, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, p. 85. {{ISBN. 978-0-19-861057-1.
2. The English barrister and heraldist [[Arthur Charles Fox-Davies]] meant that the spelling without a u was never used for weapons but only used for armory in the meaning of the science of coats of arms, which is a part of [[heraldry]], in his book ''[[The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory]]'' (1904), p. 1
3. (2010). "Firearms". Idaho Department of Correction.
4. "Definition of arsenal – Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)". [[Oxford Dictionary of English]].
5. "Define Arsenal at Dictionary.com". [[Reference.com]].
6. "American Heritage Dictionary Entry: arsenal". [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]].
7. "Online Etymology Dictionary". [[Online Etymology Dictionary]].
8. "Definition of "arsenal" – Collins English Dictionary". [[Collins English Dictionary]].
9. "Arsenal – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". [[Merriam-Webster]].
10. {{Source-attribution. {{cite EB1911