Ardās

Etymology

The root of the word Ardas is related to the Sanskrit word ard (अर्द) which means "request, ask, beg". It is also related to the Persian word arzdasht which means a written "petition made by an inferior to a superior".

Structure

The Ardās is usually always done standing up with folded hands and is commonly preceded by the eighth stanza of the fourth ashtapadi of the bani Sukhmani, beginning Tu Thakur Tum Peh Ardaas. It consists of three parts:

1. The beginning of the Ardās is strictly set by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh and may not be altered or omitted. It appears as the opening passage of Var Sri Bhagauti Ji Ki (see Chandi di Var). The first part is an invocation from the Chandi di Var and recites the virtues of the Sikh Gurus.
2. The second part is several paragraphs recounting Sikh symbols, places or worship and values significant and related to Khalsa. This may be changed by reciting a "short ardaas". The Sikh devotee may include a personal prayer such as "Waheguru, please bless me in the task that I am about to undertake" when starting a new task, help me with this problem, or add any personal petition for God.
3. The third salutes the divine name. This part may also not be altered or omitted.

The end of the Ardaas (Nanak Nam Chardi Kala, Tere Bhane Sarbat Da Bala, "O Nanak, may the Nam (Holy) be ever in ascendance! in Thy will may the good of all prevail!") is also set and may not be altered or omitted.

Origins

The "Ardās" of Sikhism was first composed by Guru Gobind Singh. He fixed the first eight lines and the last section, and these are considered unalterable in Sikhism. The second section has been fluid, revised extensively and particularly by Tat Khalsa in the 20th century. The Sikh Rahit Maryada has published an approved version of the entire Ardas.

Notes

References

• Sikh Rehat Maryada: The code of Sikh conduct & conventions, Dharam Parchar Committee (Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandakh Committee) n.d., Amritsar.
• MacAuliffe, M A 1909, The Sikh religion: its gurus, sacred writings and authors, The Clarendon Press, Oxford.

References

1. W. Owen Cole. (September 2023). "Understanding Sikhism". Dunedin Academic Press.
2. [https://www.britannica.com/topic/gurdwara Gurdwara], Encyclopaedia Britannica
3. ''MacAuliffe, 1909, p. 331''
4. Cole, W.Owen. "Six Religions in the Twenty-first Century". Stanley Thomas.
5. (2012). "Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs". Bloomsbury Publishing.
6. SRM, p. 9.