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Aram-Damascus

Aramean polity from 12th century BCE to 732 BCE

Summary

Aramean polity from 12th century BCE to 732 BCE

Field	Value
conventional_long_name	Aram-Damascus
capital	Damascus
religion	Ancient Semitic religion
year_start
event_end	Assyrian conquest
year_end	732 BCE
p1	Aramean states
s1	Neo-Assyrian Empire
today	Syria
Jordan
Israel
Lebanon
image_map	Kingdoms around Israel 830 map.svg
image_map_caption	The region around 830 BCE, with Aram-Damascus in green
common_languages	Old Aramaic
title_leader	King
year_leader1	885–865 BCE
leader1	Ben-Hadad I
year_leader2	865–842 BCE
leader2	Ben-Hadad II
year_leader3	842–796 BCE
leader3	Hazael
year_leader4	796–792 BCE
leader4	Ben-Hadad III
year_leader5	754–732 BCE
leader5	Rezin (last)

Jordan Israel Lebanon

Aram-Damascus ( ) was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later years by the polities of Assyria to the north, Ammon to the south, and Israel to the west.

The compound name "Aram-Damascus" is only found in the Hebrew Bible, where it sometimes also is referred to as simply "Aram" or "Damascus". It is also referred to as "Aram" in some Aramaic inscriptions. In Assyrian sources, "Aram" was never used to designate it. It was often referred to as "Damascus" or "imērīšu" (meaning "his donkey"), and sometimes "Bīt-Ḫaza’ili" (meaning "house of Hazael"), in Assyrian sources.

History

The Tanakh gives accounts of Aram-Damascus' history, mainly in its interaction with Israel and Judah. There are biblical texts referencing battles that took place between the United Kingdom of Israel under David and the Arameans in Southern Syria in the 10th century BCE.

In the 9th century BCE, Hazael fought against the Assyrians, had some influence over the northern Syrian state of Unqi, and conquered Israel.

To the southwest, Aram-Damascus reached most of the Golan to the Sea of Galilee.

In the 8th century BCE, Rezin had been a tributary of Tiglath-Pileser III, a king of Assyria. In , he formed an alliance with Pekah, a king of Israel, to attack Ahaz, a king of Judah; Ahaz appealed to Tiglath-Pileser III for help, which was provided by the Assyrian king after Judah paid tribute. Subsequently, Tiglath-Pileser III attacked Damascus and annexed Aram. The kingdom's population was deported and Rezin was executed. Tiglath-Pileser III recorded this act in one of his inscriptions.

Various Neo-Hittite and Aramean (orange shades) western states in the 8th century BCE

Kings

Hezion, ca. 960 BCE
Tabrimmon, ca. 930 BCE, son of Hezion
Ben-Hadad I, 885–865 BCE
Ben-Hadad II, 865–842 BCE
Hazael, 842–805/796 BCE, usurper
Ben-Hadad III, 796–792 BCE, son of Hazael
Rezin, 754 BCE–732 BCE

References

Sources

References

Pitard, Wayne T.. (2000). "Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible". Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co..
"Bible". Holman.
James B. Pritchard, ed., ''Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament'' (3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955) 246.
"Bible". Holman.
Suzanne Richard. (2003). "Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader". Eisenbrauns.
Lester L. Grabbe, ''Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?'' (New York: T&T Clark, 2007): 134
"Bible". Holman.
James B. Pritchard, ed., ''Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament'' (3rd ed.; Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969) 283.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

aram-damascus states-and-territories-established-in-the-12th-century-bc states-and-territories-disestablished-in-the-8th-century-bc aramean-states ancient-syria ancient-damascus history-of-aram-(region) 8th-century-bc-disestablishments 12th-century-bc-establishments former-kingdoms

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