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Anti-cardiolipin antibodies

Type of autoantibody

Schematic representation of [[antibody

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are antibodies often directed against cardiolipin and found in several diseases, including syphilis,{{cite journal | doi-access = free }} and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).{{cite journal

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies can be classified in two ways:

As IgM, IgG or IgA
As β2-glycoprotein dependent or independent
- In autoimmune disease, ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
- In syphilis, ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test

Apolipoprotein H involvement

β2-glycoprotein I has been identified as apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease. Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis.

References

(1990). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A..

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