Angiokeratoma

Signs and symptoms

Presentation includes telangiectasia, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis.

Presentation can be solitary or systemic.

Multiple angiokeratomas, especially on the trunk in young people, are typical for Fabry disease, genetic disorder connected with systemic complications.

Complications

In some instances nodular angiokeratomas can produce necrotic tissue and valleys that can harbor fungal, bacterial and viral infections. Infections can include staphylococcus. If the lesion becomes painful, begins draining fluids or pus, or begins to smell, a doctor may recommend excision and grafting.

Pathophysiology

Histology

Angiokeratomas characteristically have large dilated blood vessels in the superficial dermis and hyperkeratosis (overlying the dilated vessels). File:Angiokeratoma - high mag.jpg|Scrotal angiokeratoma; visible large dilated blood vessels and hyperkeratosis File:SkinTumors-PA090934.JPG|Scrotal angiokeratoma (Fordyce type); multiple papules made by dilatated capillaries File:SkinTumors-PA090936.JPG|Scrotal angiokeratoma (Fordyce type); dilated cavernous capillaries, acanthosis File:SkinTumors-PA090938.JPG|Scrotal angiokeratoma (Mibelli type); blood vessels close to the epidermis File:SkinTumors-PA090939.JPG|Angiokeratoma (Mibelli type)

Diagnosis

Classification

Angiokeratoma may be classified as:

• Angiokeratoma of Mibelli (also known as "Mibelli's angiokeratoma," "Telangiectatic warts" The disease is named after Italian dermatologist Vittorio Mibelli (1860-1910).
• Angiokeratoma of Fordyce (also known as "Angiokeratoma of the scrotum and vulva," though not to be confused with Fordyce's spots) is a skin condition characterized by red to blue papules on the scrotum or vulva.
• Solitary angiokeratoma is a small, bluish-black, warty papule that occurs predominantly on the lower extremities.
• Verrucous vascular malformation (also known as "Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme") is a malformation of dermal and subcutaneous capillaries and veins, a congenital vascular malformation, which, over time, a verrucous component appears.

Treatment

Different treatment options exist including cryotherapy, laser therapy, and excision.

References

References

1. (October 2006). "Angiokeratoma of the scrotum: a case of scrotal bleeding". Emerg Med J.
2. {{DorlandsDict. one/000005026. angiokeratoma
3. (January 2008). "Solitary angiokeratoma of the tongue". Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.
4. Rapini, Ronald P.. (2007). "Dermatology: 2-Volume Set". Mosby.
5. 0-7216-2921-0.
6. [http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/2766.html Mibelli's disease II] @ [[Who Named It]]