Android version history

Overview

The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005. There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) before the beta version was released. The beta was released on November 5, 2007, while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007. Several public beta versions of the SDK were released. These releases were done through software emulation as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system. Both the operating system itself and the SDK were released along with their source code, as free software under the Apache License.

The first public release of Android 1.0 was in October 2008 with the launch of the T-Mobile G1 (HTC Dream). Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names. The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were tagged internally on some of the early pre-1.0 milestone builds and were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 releases of the OS.

The project manager, Ryan Gibson, came up with a confectionery-themed naming scheme for public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake in 2009. Google announced in August 2019 that they were ending the confectionery theming scheme and would use numerical ordering for future versions. The first release under the numerical order format was Android 10, which was released in September 2019.

In 2017, Google announced Google Play would begin to require apps to target the newest Android version (or API level). Since then, apps must target it by August 31 of the following year for new apps, or November 1 for app updates. These requirements have expanded to Wear OS, Android TV, and Android Automotive OS with a 12 month grace period to target the latest version of Android.

Version history

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.

Android 1.0

Android 1.0

Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008. The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream.

Android 1.1

Android 1.1

On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "Petit Four" internally, though this name was not used officially. The update resolved bugs, changed the Android API and added a number of features:

Android 1.5 Cupcake

Main article: Android Cupcake

Android 1.5

On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27. This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme used for all releases until Android Pie, with Android 10 and later using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:

Android 1.6 Donut

Main article: Android Donut

Android 1.6

On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29. Included in the update were numerous new features:

Android 2.0 Eclair

Main article: Android Eclair

Android 2.0

On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed Eclair. Changes include the ones listed below.

Android 2.0.1 Eclair

Android 2.0.1

Android 2.1 Eclair

Android 2.1

Android 2.2 Froyo

Main article: Android Froyo

Android 2.2

On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for frozen yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.

Android 2.3 Gingerbread

Main article: Android Gingerbread

Android 2.3

On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35. Changes included:

Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread

Android 2.3.3

Android 3.0 Honeycomb

Main article: Android Honeycomb

Android 3.0

On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first tablet-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36. The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011. The update's features included:

Android 3.1 Honeycomb

Android 3.1

Android 3.2 Honeycomb

Android 3.2

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich

Main article: Android Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0

The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1, was publicly released on October 19, 2011. Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time. The source code for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011. Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support Adobe Systems' Flash player. The update introduced numerous new features:

Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0.3

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean

Main article: Android Jelly Bean

Jelly Bean

Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google I/O conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, triple buffering, extended vsync timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 fps to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the Android Open Source Project on July 9, 2012, and the Nexus 7 tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean

Android 4.2

Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in New York City on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy. Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's Nexus 4 and Nexus 10, which were released on November 13, 2012.

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean

Android 4.3

Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on July 24, 2013, during an event in San Francisco called "Breakfast with Sundar Pichai". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the second-generation Nexus 7 tablet was the first device to officially ship with it. A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.

Android 4.4 KitKat

Main article: Android KitKat

KitKat

Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie." Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5. KitKat debuted on Google's Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google. The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.

Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions

Main article: Wear OS

Android 4.4W

On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.

Android 5.0 Lollipop

Main article: Android Lollipop

Lollipop

Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during Google I/O. It became available as an official over-the-air (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including Nexus and Google Play edition devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.

Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as "material design". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta.

Android 5.1 Lollipop

Android 5.1

Android 6.0 Marshmallow

Main article: Android Marshmallow

Marshmallow

Android 6.0 "Marshmallow" was unveiled under the codename "Android M" during Google I/O on May 28, 2015, for the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 phones, Nexus 9 tablet, and Nexus Player set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q. The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015, for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices, and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to Android for Work profiles.

Android 7.0 Nougat

Main article: Android Nougat

Nougat

Android "Nougat" (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new "Android Beta Program" which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016, with the build number NPD90G.

Android 7.1 Nougat

Android 7.1

On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.

Android 8.0 Oreo

Main article: Android Oreo

Oreo

Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.

Android 8.1 Oreo

8.1

Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.

Android 9 Pie

Main article: Android Pie

Pie

Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a "Release Candidate") was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.

Android 10

Main article: Android 10

10

Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.

Android 11

Main article: Android 11

11

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day. The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020, to June 10, 2020.

Android 12

Main article: Android 12

12

Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.

Android 12L

Main article: Android 12L

12L

Android 12L is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced in October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.

Android 13

Main article: Android 13

13

Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.

Android 14

Main article: Android 14

Android 14 is the fourteenth major version of the Android operating system. Google announced Android 14 on February 8, 2023, with the first Developer Preview releasing on the same day.

Android 15

Main article: Android 15

Android 15 is the fifteenth major version of the Android operating system. It was released on September 3, 2024 as part of the Android Open Source Project, and was first released to a device on September 30, 2024 by Vivo. Unlike previous versions of Android, the new update wasn't made available upon its release to Google's own Pixel line, instead being released on October 15, 2024.

Android 16

Main article: Android 16

Android 16 is the sixteenth major release of Android. The first Developer Preview of Android 16 was released on November 19, 2024. Google released the stable version on June 10, 2025 for Pixel phones.

Hardware requirements

The main hardware platform for Android is the 64-bit ARM architecture (i.e. ARMv8-A; previously the 32-bit ARMv7 architecture was supported and first ARMv5), with x86 and MIPS architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android. MIPS support has since been deprecated and support was removed in NDK r17.

Android1.0 through 1.5 required a 2 megapixel camera with autofocus camera. This was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera with Android1.6. Android 10 does not require a camera.

In 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64. Since Android5.0 Lollipop, 64-bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.

Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816MB–1.8GB for 64-bit and 512MB–1.3GB for 32-bit meaning in practice 1GB for the most common type of display (while minimum for Android watch is 416MB). The recommendation for Android4.4 is to have at least 512MB of RAM, while for "low RAM" devices 340MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the baseband processor. Android 4.4 requires a 32-bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 architecture processor, together with an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit (GPU). Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and since Android 7.0 Vulkan (and version 1.1 available for some devices). Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications. In 2021, Android was ported to RISC-V. In 2021, Qualcomm said it will provide a longer support period for its chipsets, starting with the Snapdragon 888, which will help extend Android update support for these devices. With this promise, devices using Qualcomm chipsets will have a total of three Android version upgrades and of four years of security updates.

Explanatory notes

References

References

1. (January 12, 2023). "What's the Latest Version of Android?".
2. (July 30, 2025). "Google and Samsung are forever changing Android updates as we know them".
3. Elgin, Ben. (August 17, 2005). "Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal". Bloomberg.
4. (June 12, 2013). "A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames". Android Police.
5. (January 2, 2013). "Dan Morrill". Google+.
6. (November 5, 2007). "Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform". Google Operating System.
7. (November 5, 2007). "Live Google's gPhone Open handset alliance conference call". [[Gizmodo]].
8. (November 12, 2007). "Google releases Android SDK". MacWorld.
9. "SDK Archives".
10. Paul, Ryan. (November 6, 2007). "Why Google chose the Apache Software License over GPLv2 for Android".
11. (June 16, 2014). "The history of Android: Android 1.0—introducing Google Apps and actual hardware". Ars Technica.
12. (September 17, 2012). "A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames".
13. (August 22, 2019). "A pop of color and more: updates to Android's brand". Google.
14. (December 19, 2017). "Improving app security and performance on Google Play for years to come".
15. "Target API level requirements for Google Play apps - Play Console Help".
16. "Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers". Google.
17. "Android Security Bulletins".
18. "Google System Release Notes".
19. "Android 2.1 SDK".
20. "refs/tags/android-5.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
21. "refs/tags/android-5.1.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
22. "refs/tags/android-6.0.0_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
23. "Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google". Neowin LLC.
24. (July 23, 2020). "Even Android 11 is cake". Vox Media, LLC.
25. "Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices".
26. (March 7, 2022). "Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones".
27. (April 22, 2022). "Android 14 gets official internal codename... Upside Down Cake". [[9to5Google]].
28. (3 March 2023). "Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream'". [[XDA Developers]].
29. (18 November 2024). "The First Developer Preview of Android 16".
30. Morrill, Dan. (September 23, 2008). "Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1". Android Developers Blog.
31. "T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android". T-Mobile.
32. Topolsky, Joshua. (October 16, 2008). "T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up". Engadget.
33. (2008). "Release features – Android 1.0".
34. Segan, Sascha. (October 16, 2008). "T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone)". PC Magazine.
35. LaCouvee, Darcy. (October 17, 2008). "Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them". Android Authority.
36. (May 24, 2012). "Status Bar Notifications". Android Developers.
37. (September 18, 2008). "What is Android?". TechPluto.com.
38. "Android Platform Overview". Android Source.
39. (February 2009). "Android 1.1 Version Notes". Android Developers.
40. Ducrohet, Xavier. (April 27, 2009). "Android 1.5 is here!". Android Developers Blog.
41. Rob, Jackson. (April 30, 2009). "CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK!". Phandroid.
42. (April 2009). "Android 1.5 Platform Highlights". Android Developers.
43. (2012). "App Widgets". Android Developers.
44. (2017). "Phone Usage History". 101 Android.
45. Ducrohet, Xavier. (September 15, 2009). "Android 1.6 SDK is here". Android Developers Blog.
46. Ryan, Paul. (October 1, 2009). "Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2". Ars Technica.
47. (September 2009). "Android 1.6 Platform Highlights". Android Developers.
48. "Android 2.0, Release 1". Android Developers.
49. "Android 2.0 Platform Highlights". Android Developers.
50. "Announcing Android 2.0 support in the SDK!".
51. "Android 2.0 API Changes Summary".
52. (September 7, 2015). "Force Touch? Android has had that for years".
53. "MotionEvent § getPressure()".
54. "Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK". Android Developers.
55. "Android 2.1, Release 1". Android Developers.
56. Ducrohet, Xavier. (May 20, 2010). "Android 2.2 and developers goodies". Android Developers Blog.
57. (May 20, 2010). "Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O". Android Police.
58. "Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster". Android Police.
59. (June 29, 2010). "Android now fully supports Exchange".
60. Sorrel, Charlie. (May 13, 2010). "Android 2.2 'Froyo' Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering".
61. "Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo".
62. Stone, Brad. (April 27, 2010). "Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android". [[The New York Times]].
63. "Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported". Android Developers.
64. "refs/tags/android-2.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
65. "refs/tags/android-2.2.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
66. Hollister, Sean. (January 22, 2011). "Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues". Engadget.
67. "Android 2.2.3 source tag".
68. Ducrohet, Xavier. (December 6, 2010). "Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools". Android Developers Blog.
69. (December 6, 2010). "Android 2.3 Platform Highlights". Android Developers Blog.
70. Ts'o, Theodore. (December 12, 2010). "Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread". Linux Foundation.
71. Tim Bray. (December 19, 2010). "Saving Data Safely". Android Developers Blog.
72. "refs/tags/android-2.3.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
73. "refs/tags/android-2.3.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
74. "Android 2.3.3 Platform, New NFC Capabilities".
75. (2011). "Android 2.3.3 Platform". Android Developers.
76. "Android 2.3.4 source tag".
77. (April 28, 2011). "Video Chat on Your Android Phone". Google Mobile Blog.
78. "Open Accessory Library 2.3.4". Android Developers.
79. Sarkar, Abhijoy. (October 14, 2013). "Is it Java that weakened Android's SSL security?". Muktware.
80. (October 15, 2013). "Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010". op-co.de.
81. "refs/tags/android-2.3.5_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
82. Arghire, Ionut. "Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK". Softpedia.com.
83. Stephen Schenck. (September 2, 2011). "Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs?". pocketnow.
84. Ali Waqas. (September 28, 2011). "Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix)". Addictive Tips.
85. Anton D. Nagy. (September 27, 2011). "Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update". PocketNow.
86. Rubin, Andy. (January 5, 2011). "A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb". Google Mobile Blog.
87. Xavier Ducrohet. (February 22, 2011). "Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools". Android Developers Blog.
88. Mithun Chandrasekhar. (February 2, 2011). "Google's Android Event Analysis". AnandTech.
89. Nilay Patel. (January 26, 2011). "Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2". Engadget.
90. "Android 3.0 Platform Highlights". Android Developers.
91. Ho, Joshua. "Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4". Anandtech.
92. Cody Toombs. (February 17, 2014). "External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them". Android Police.
93. Ducrohet, Xavier. (May 10, 2011). "Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools". Android Developers Blog.
94. "Android Supported Media Formats". Android Developers.
95. "Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request.".
96. Ducrohet, Xavier. (July 15, 2011). "Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools". Android Developers Blog.
97. (2012). "Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2". Android Developers.
98. Maroger. (October 19, 2011). "Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1". [[Blogspot]].
99. Rey, Francis. (October 19, 2011). "Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available". Social Barrel.
100. Stevens, Tim. (October 19, 2011). "Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too)". Engadget.
101. Messina, Vincent. (November 15, 2011). "Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable". AndroidGuys.
102. (August 14, 2012). "Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android". WebProNews.
103. Molen, Brad. (October 19, 2011). "Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore". Engadget.
104. German, Kent. (October 18, 2011). "Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features". CNET.
105. Velazco, Chris. (October 18, 2011). "A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown". Tech Crunch.
106. Fitzpatrick, Jason. (August 20, 2013). "What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List?". How-To Geek.
107. Kennemer, Quentyn. (October 19, 2011). "Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration". Phandroid.
108. "Wi-Fi Direct". Android Developers.
109. (November 28, 2011). "Verizon's 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update". DroidLife.
110. (December 15, 2011). "Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update". DroidLife.
111. [http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"] {{Webarchive. link. (July 19, 2014 . Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.)
112. (December 16, 2011). "Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets". Engadget.
113. [https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+] {{Webarchive. link. (March 29, 2012 . March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.)
114. Queru, Jean-Baptiste. "Android 4.1 in AOSP".
115. "Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes". ComputerWorld.
116. "Android 4.1 for Developers". Android Developers.
117. "Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files".
118. (June 29, 2012). "Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps". Pocketables.com.
119. "refs/tags/android-4.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
120. [https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"] {{Webarchive. link. (May 21, 2013 . ''[[The Verge (website)). The Verge]]''. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
121. (October 9, 2012). "Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices". GigaOM.
122. (October 9, 2012). "New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video)". Android Police.
123. (October 27, 2012). "Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy". Android Central.
124. (November 14, 2012). "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7". Know Your Mobile.
125. (November 13, 2012). "Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2". IGN.
126. [https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"] {{Webarchive. link. (January 14, 2024 . ''[[The Verge (website)). The Verge]]''. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
127. [http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"] {{Webarchive. link. (October 30, 2012 . TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.)
128. Klug, Brian. (May 19, 2013). "The Next Version of Android – Some of What's Coming".
129. "Jelly Bean".
130. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"] {{Webarchive. link. (October 21, 2012 . Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.)
131. "refs/tags/android-4.2.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
132. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"] {{Webarchive. link. (November 30, 2012 . Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.)
133. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"] {{Webarchive. link. (November 21, 2012 . Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.)
134. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"] {{Webarchive. link. (February 15, 2013 . Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.)
135. (February 12, 2013). "Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets". Ars Technica.
136. (July 24, 2013). "Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today". Tom's Hardware.
137. (August 22, 2013). "Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware". [[Engadget]].
138. [https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"] {{Webarchive. link. (September 29, 2023 . ''[[The Verge (website)). The Verge]]''. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
139. [http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html "Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean"] {{Webarchive. link. (July 30, 2013 . Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.)
140. [https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/30/android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices/ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices"] {{Webarchive. link. (January 14, 2024 . Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.)
141. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"] {{Webarchive. link. (July 28, 2013 . Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.)
142. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"] {{Webarchive. link. (July 28, 2013 . Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.)
143. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"] {{Webarchive. link. (July 28, 2013 . Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.)
144. [https://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"] {{Webarchive. link. (January 14, 2024 . Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.)
145. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3"] {{Webarchive. link. (July 26, 2013 . Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.)
146. Jaymar Cabebe. (July 25, 2013). "Google Android 4.3 Jelly Bean Release Date, Price and Specs – CNET". CBS Interactive.
147. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive. link. (October 4, 2013 . Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.)
148. [http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)"] {{Webarchive. link. (October 9, 2013 . Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.)
149. Kelion, Leo. (September 3, 2013). "Android KitKat announced". BBC News.
150. (July 2, 2013). "Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors". TechRadar.
151. Molen, Brad. (November 5, 2013). "Engadget review the Nexus 5". Engadget.
152. [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "] {{Webarchive. link. (October 31, 2013 . Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.)
153. "Android KitKat". Android Developers Portal.
154. Bonn, Dieter. (October 31, 2013). "Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions". The Verge.
155. David Ruddock. (October 31, 2013). "KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar". androidpolice.com.
156. (December 9, 2013). "Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat". PhoneArena.com.
157. [https://www.androidauthority.com/fix-kitkat-sdcard-issue-app-sdfix-358844/ ''"Got the KitKat SD card blues? Solve the problem with SDFix (root required)"''] {{Webarchive. link. (August 8, 2021 – Android Authority, March 18, 2014 (article includes details of restriction))
158. (May 9, 2015). "External Storage | Android Developers".
159. "Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat". Android Developers Blog.
160. (October 31, 2013). "Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback". PhoneArena.com.
161. Jason Cipriani. (November 5, 2013). "How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat". CBS Interactive.
162. (March 9, 2015). "Android Developers: ART and Dalvik".
163. David Ruddock. (October 31, 2013). "KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less". Android Police.
164. (November 2013). "Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps".
165. (November 2013). "Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation".
166. "Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works".
167. "refs/tags/android-4.4.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
168. (December 5, 2013). "Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5". Google Plus.
169. Artem Russakovskii. (December 9, 2013). "Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating". Android Police.
170. Peter Eckersley. (December 12, 2013). "Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental". Electronic Frontier Foundation.
171. "refs/tags/android-4.4.3_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
172. Ron Amadeo. (June 2, 2014). "Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices". Ars Technica.
173. Kellex. (June 2, 2014). "Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3". Droid Life.
174. Android Developers. (June 3, 2014). "Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out – Google+". Android Developers (Google+).
175. Kellex. (June 19, 2014). "Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P". Droid Life.
176. Ryan Whitwam. (June 19, 2014). "Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices". androidpolice.com.
177. (July 22, 2014). "Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP". Android Authority.
178. Andrew Grush. (September 6, 2014). "Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014". Android Authority.
179. Michael Crider. (September 6, 2014). "Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here's What's New". Android Police.
180. Rita El Khoury. (October 21, 2014). "Android Wear 4.4W.2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support (Though You Can't Use The Latter)". Android Police.
181. (June 25, 2014). "From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O". PC World.
182. (October 15, 2014). "Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days". PhoneArena.com.
183. (June 25, 2014). "Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web".
184. (June 26, 2014). "We just played with Android's L Developer Preview". AOL.
185. "Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO".
186. Andrei Frumusanu. (July 1, 2014). "A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L". AnandTech.
187. "Android 5.0 APIs". Android.com.
188. (May 2010). "A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM".
189. [http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"] {{Webarchive. link. (May 14, 2015 . Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.)
190. (November 27, 2014). "Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features". India Times.
191. (October 17, 2014). "Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone". Android Central.
192. Cody Toombs. (November 4, 2014). "Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security". Android Police.
193. Michael Crider. (November 27, 2014). "Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop". Android Police.
194. (October 24, 2014). "Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android". ZDNet.
195. (November 3, 2014). "Android – 5.0 Lollipop". Android.com.
196. Jason Cipriani. (November 3, 2014). "Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop". CNET.
197. (November 12, 2015). "Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop".
198. (November 26, 2014). "Android 5.0 Emoji Changelog".
199. (October 25, 2014). "Accessibility features in Android 5.0 Lollipop". Android Central.
200. "Block-Based OTAs | Android Open Source Project". Android Source.
201. Liam Spradlin. (December 2, 2014). "Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now (Update: Factory Images Too)". Android Police.
202. Tate, Christopher. (November 21, 2014). "Commit 4f868ed to platform/frameworks/base".
203. Stephen Schenck. (December 22, 2014). "What's actually new in Android 5.0.2?". PocketNow.com.
204. (March 9, 2015). "Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls". VentureBeat.
205. "Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there's a catch". AndroidPIT.
206. "refs/tags/android-5.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
207. (April 21, 2015). "Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) officially uploaded to AOSP and here's the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available".
208. Jennings, Jack. (June 26, 2015). "Google Open Source Code for Wi-Fi Calling". XDA.
209. (May 28, 2015). "Google's Android M preview build will run on the Nexus 5, 6, 9, and Player [Updated]". Condé Nast.
210. (August 17, 2015). "Downloads Android Developers".
211. "Support and Release Notes {{!}} Android Developers".
212. "Get ready for the sweet taste of Android 6.0 Marshmallow". Android Developers.
213. (October 22, 2015). "How to get to Android Marshmallow's hidden file manager".
214. "Customer Community".
215. Bohn, Dieter. (May 28, 2015). "Now on Tap is the coolest Android feature in a long time".
216. "Android Doze".
217. "Android vertical app drawer".
218. "Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers".
219. "Handling App Links".
220. "App Linking in Android 6.0".
221. (February 3, 2022). "Use Android 6.0's Hidden System UI Tuner to Customize Your Quick Settings and Status Bar".
222. "Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers".
223. "Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers".
224. "Android 6.0 APIs – Android Developers".
225. (April 7, 2017). "Everything you need to know about your SD card and Adoptable storage".
226. "MIDI – Android Open Source Project".
227. (October 16, 2015). "How to Unlock the Hidden Multi-Window Mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow".
228. (October 6, 2015). "Enable Multi-Window mode in Android 6.0 Marshmallow with a bit of tinkering".
229. "Request App Permissions  -  Android Developers".
230. Raphael, JR. (December 5, 2017). "Android nostalgia: 13 once-trumpeted features that quietly faded away". Computerworld.
231. (December 7, 2015). "Google releases Android 6.0.1 Factory Images for Nexus 6P/6, Nexus 5X/5, Nexus Player, Nexus 9 And Nexus 7 [2013]".
232. (December 7, 2015). "Android 6.0.1 Emoji Changelog".
233. (July 18, 2016). "Android 7.0 Nougat Developer Preview 5 – the final preview – is available for download".
234. "Taking the final wrapper off of Android 7.0 Nougat".
235. (November 17, 2016). "Pixel Security: Better, Faster, Stronger".
236. (August 22, 2016). "Android 7.0 Nougat Emoji Changelog".
237. ["DocumentsContract"](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/DocumentsContract#moveDocument(android.content.ContentResolver,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri,%20android.net.Uri).
238. "Android 7.0 for Developers  -  Android Developers".
239. (March 12, 2016). "Android N Feature Spotlight: Multiple Device Locales Are Now Supported, Allowing Search Results In Multiple Languages And Other Goodies".
240. "Camera Version Support".
241. (November 18, 2020). "List of All Android Operating System Names (2020 Update)". ProClockers.
242. (October 4, 2016). "Android 7.1 Nougat's changelog is here, includes both Pixel-exclusive and non-Pixel exclusive changes".
243. (October 20, 2016). "Android 7.1 Changes: What The New Update Brings".
244. (December 5, 2016). "A sweet update to Nougat: Android 7.1.1".
245. "refs/tags/android-7.1.1_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
246. "Google Groups".
247. (April 2, 2017). "Some Pixel C and Nexus Player owners are getting the official Android 7.1.2 update".
248. "refs/tags/android-7.1.2_r1 – platform/system/core – Git at Google".
249. (August 21, 2017). "Oreo: Google announces release of the next version of Android 8". [[The Guardian]].
250. (August 23, 2017). "How Oreo is better than Nougat: Audio".
251. "Google Blog".
252. (October 25, 2017). "Android 8.1 developer preview arrives for Pixel and Nexus devices".
253. (December 5, 2017). "Android 8.1 Oreo goes final, rolling out now to Pixel and Nexus devices".
254. Dave Burke. (December 5, 2017). "Welcoming Android 8.1 Oreo and Android Oreo (Go edition)".
255. (March 1, 2018). "Android Go is here to fix super cheap phones". The Verge.
256. (October 25, 2017). "Android 8.1 feature spotlight: A new Oreo Easter egg". Android Police.
257. (March 7, 2018). "Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL".
258. (March 7, 2018). "The biggest early visual changes in Android P". [[The Verge]].
259. (April 17, 2018). "DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview". Google Security Blog.
260. "Android 9/10 call recording issues | ACR – Another Call Recorder by NLL APPS".
261. (May 9, 2019). "[Update: OEM Gestures Allowed] Google's new navigation gestures in Android Q will be mandatory for all devices".
262. (September 10, 2019). "Android 10 launcher port brings new gesture animations to Android 9".
263. Amadeo, Ron. (September 23, 2020). "Android 11—The Ars Technica Review".
264. "Privacy changes in Android 10".
265. (March 13, 2019). "Introducing Android Q Beta".
266. Welch, Chris. (March 7, 2018). "Android P won't let apps secretly use your mic or camera in the background".
267. (February 21, 2018). "Android P will prevent apps from using your camera or microphone without telling you (Updated)".
268. Nikolov, Mihail. (February 20, 2018). "Android P will prevent background apps from using the camera".
269. "Audio Implementation".
270. Yeow, Goh Beng. (October 22, 2019). "Android 10 devices are going to sound better with LHDC™".
271. (April 3, 2019). "Android Q Beta 2 update".
272. "Bubbles".
273. "Dark theme".
274. Schoon, Ben. (October 10, 2019). "Google Dark Mode app roundup: Everything available so far". 9to5Google.
275. "Fresher OS with Projects Treble and Mainline".
276. Burke, Dave. "Turning it up to 11: the first Developer Preview of Android 11".
277. Fedewa, Joe. (February 19, 2020). "Android 11 Developer Preview: All the changes we found from Android 10 so far!".
278. (May 30, 2020). "Google delays the Android 11 Beta announcement as protests roil US cities".
279. (June 10, 2020). "Unwrapping the Android 11 Beta, plus more developer updates".
280. "Android 11".
281. "Accelerating Android Updates".
282. (September 8, 2020). "Championing employee privacy, productivity with Android 11".
283. (February 19, 2020). "Android 11 prepares new settings for Gesture Navigation".
284. (21 July 2021). "Android 11 : Scoped Storage". DhiWise.
285. "Android S: the first Developer Preview of Android 12".
286. (February 18, 2021). "Android 12 Developer Preview: First Developer preview".
287. (August 15, 2021). "Android 12 To Finally Bring Scrolling Screenshots".
288. (March 28, 2021). "Guide to enable One-Handed Mode on Android 12".
289. (February 18, 2021). "Android 12 Features".
290. "First preview of Android 12".
291. (February 19, 2021). "Magnification feature now offers a useful floating window".
292. (April 22, 2021). "Android 12 gets 'Extra Dim'".
293. (20 August 2021). "How to take advantage of Android 12's new privacy options".
294. (October 19, 2021). "Android 12 features: Everything you need to know about Google's latest OS".
295. (September 21, 2021). "How to access and use the Android 12 Privacy Dashboard".
296. (February 19, 2021). "Android 12 fixes one of the most frustrating things about gesture navigation".
297. "What's new in Android 12 Beta".
298. (May 20, 2021). "Android 12 will finally let alternative app stores update apps on their own".
299. Burke, Dave. (October 27, 2021). "12L and new Android APIs and tools for large screens".
300. Li, Abner. (March 17, 2022). "Here's everything new in Android 13 Developer Preview 2 [Gallery]".
301. Amadeo, Ron. (August 30, 2022). "Android 13 review: Plans for the future, but not much to offer today".
302. (December 22, 2021). "Android 13 may finally bring full support for Bluetooth LE Audio".
303. "New LC3 Encoder (I5f2f7627)".
304. "Add new LC3 decoder (I275ea8ba)".
305. Gidra, Lokesh. (May 12, 2022). "What's new in app performance".
306. (October 12, 2020). "Utilizing the Linux Userfaultfd System Call in a Compaction Phase of a Garbage Collection Process". Defensive Publications Series.
307. "Android 13 is in AOSP!".
308. Schoon, Ben. (2022-12-09). "Android themed: These apps support Material You makeovers".
309. Amadeo, Ron. (February 8, 2023). "Android 14 Preview 1 is out, will officially ban installation of old apps".
310. Amadeo, Ron. (February 8, 2023). "22 Best Android 14 Features (New and Upcoming)".
311. (February 8, 2023). "Features and APIs Overview". Android.
312. Thomas, Dallas. (2023-06-07). "Android 14's new lock screen customization is live in Beta 3".
313. ((9to5Google)). (February 9, 2023). "Android 14 Developer Preview 1: Top new features!". YouTube.
314. Amadeo, Ron. (2023-09-22). "Android phones get PC webcam capabilities in the latest beta".
315. (2023-10-04). "Android 14: More customization, control and accessibility features".
316. "Ultra HDR Image Format v1.0".
317. Bradshaw, Kyle. (February 14, 2023). "Google is gradually rewriting Android's Settings app with Jetpack Compose".
318. Cosmos. (February 8, 2023). "Android 14 First Developer Preview Available Now".
319. Matthew, McCullough. (September 3, 2024). "Android 15 is released to AOSP". Google.
320. Bonggolto, Jay. (September 30, 2024). "The first OEM to drop Android 15 updates is one you'd never guess". Future US.
321. Peters, Jay. (October 15, 2024). "Android 15 is now available for Pixels". Vox Media.
322. Amadeo, Ron. (2024-01-12). "Android 15 might bring back lock screen widgets".
323. Weatherbed, Jess. (2024-11-19). "Android 16 is now available for early testers".
324. "The First Developer Preview of Android 16".
325. "The First Developer Preview of Android 16".
326. Malik, Aisha. (2025-09-03). "Google brings Material 3 Expressive to Pixel 6 and newer devices, along with other features".
327. "The syntax of the Android.mk build file".
328. Shah, Agam. (March 23, 2015). "Imagination floats sub-$100 MIPS tablet running Firefox OS". IDG.
329. "ABI Management".
330. "Android Developers: Android Compatibility".
331. "Android 10 Compatibility Definition".
332. (June 7, 2012). "Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review". The Daily Telegraph.
333. "Android Lollipop".
334. (April 16, 2016). "How to check which of the Processor, ARM, ARM64 or x86, powers your smartphone".
335. "Android 7.1 Compatibility Definition".
336. "Android KitKat". android.com.
337. (November 27, 2013). "Android Compatibility Definition Document".
338. Shah, Agam. (December 1, 2011). "Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors". International Data Group.
339. "Android Developers: Graphics".
340. (February 10, 2016). "Vulkan on Android". NVIDIA Developer.
341. (January 21, 2021). "Android has been ported to a RISC-V board".
342. (December 16, 2020). "Future Android phones may get 4 years of updates, thanks to Google and Qualcomm".