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Anatoly Lukyanov

Russian politician (1930–2019)

Summary

Russian politician (1930–2019)

Field	Value
name	Anatoly Lukyanov
native_name	Анатолий Лукьянов
native_name_lang	ru
image	Анатолий Лукьянов (депутат) (cropped).jpg
caption	Lukyanov in 1999
office	Member of the State Duma
term_start	11 January 1994
term_end	29 December 2003
office1	Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
term_start1	15 March 1990
term_end1	4 September 1991
president1	Mikhail Gorbachev
predecessor1	Mikhail Gorbachev
successor1	Office abolished
office2	First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
term_start2	1 October 1988
term_end2	15 March 1990
president2	Mikhail Gorbachev
predecessor2	Pyotr Demichev
successor2	Gennady Yanayev (as vice president)
office3	Head of the General Department of the Central Committee
term_start3	24 May 1985
term_end3	17 January 1987
predecessor3	Klavdii Bogolyubov
successor3	Valery Boldin
office4	Candidate member of the 27th Politburo
term_start4	30 September 1988
term_end4	14 July 1990
office5	Member of the 27th Secretariat
term_start5	28 January 1987
term_end5	30 September 1988
birth_date
birth_place	Smolensk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
death_date
death_place	Moscow, Russia
nationality	Russian
party	Communist Party of the Russian Federation (1993-2019)
otherparty	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953-1991)
module

Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov (, 7 May 1930 – 9 January 2019) was a Russian Communist politician who was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR between 15 March 1990 and 4 September 1991. One of the founders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) in 1993, he was described by its leader Gennady Zyuganov as having been the Deng Xiaoping of the party. He published books of poetry under his own name and under the pseudonyms Osenev (Осенев) and Dneprov (Днепров).

Lukyanov was an early political ally of Mikhail Gorbachev, supporting his efforts in issues such as the fight against corruption and the start of reforms in the economy. However, beginning in 1987–1988, he increasingly sympathized with the party establishment, correctly foreseeing that Gorbachev's policies would lead to the Soviet collapse.

Early life

Lukyanov was born in Smolensk on 7 May 1930, the son of a Red Army officer who was killed in action during World War II. He graduated from the Law School of the Moscow State University in 1953, while also being a member of the Communist Youth League (Komsomol). He went on to earn a post-graduate degree in Constitutional Law and a PhD in Public Law.

Early career

From 1956 to 1961 Lukyanov worked as a legal adviser at the Legal Commission of the Soviet Council of Ministers. He later was an adviser on legislation-drafting at the Supreme Soviet and worked on constitutional law issues at the Central Committee. He also served as a constitutional adviser to the governments of the Polish People's Republic and the Hungarian People's Republic. All the while he benefited from being constantly based in Moscow, at the center of government.

Political career

In 1975-77 he worked on drafting the 1977 Soviet Constitution, which replaced the 1936 Soviet Constitution. From 1977 till 1983 he was Chief of the Secretariat of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. He was also a leading member of the powerful Central Auditing Commission. Lukyanov was a secretary of the CPSU Central Committee from January 1987 and a candidate member of the Politburo from September 1988.

Lukyanov was elected vice-chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in March 1989, and chairman the following year. In 1991, Boris Yeltsin and Ivan Silayev accused him of being the leading force behind the Soviet coup attempt of 1991. Lukyanov was arrested on 29 August 1991, and held for fifteen months on charges of conspiracy. On September 4, he was relieved of his post as speaker of the union parliament. Throughout the investigation, Lukyanov denied complicity.

Lukyanov was the Chairman of the Central Advisory Council of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and the senior adviser to party leader Gennady Zyuganov, since co-founding the party in 1993.

Lukyanov was elected as a deputy to the first three State Dumas of the Russian Federation (1993, 1995 and 1999). His last political position was as Chairman of the Duma Committee on Constitutional Law. He did not participate in the elections of 2003 and instead became a board member of the company OEG Petroservis.

Death

Lukyanov was found dead in his Moscow home on 9 January 2019, at the age of 88, after suffering from an unspecified illness. He is buried at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery in Moscow on 11 January.

Legacy

The Lukyanov Doctrine in Russian academic parlance may bear a striking resemblance to the Karaganov Doctrine.

References

Gardels, Nathan. (1997). "The Changing Global Order: World Leaders Reflect". [[Blackwell Publishing]].
"Поэты МГУ".
"Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации".
"Lukyanov, Gorbachev's college buddy, may be coup mastermind". UPI.
During his years in law school, he befriended [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], who was also studying there at the time, becoming an early political ally of the future leader.''The Deal Is Already Done For Gorbachev's Coup Book'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', 4 October 1991 p. 1D
(10 January 2019). "In Russia died a close associate of Gorbachev Lukyanov". 24-my info.
"Anatoly Lukyanov Dies At Age 88, Was Imprisoned After Failed August 1991 Soviet Coup". RFERL.org.
(2002). "Russia's Unfinished Revolution: Political Change from Gorbachev to Putin". Cornell University Press.
(May 1997). "Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-91". Brookings Institution Press.
(May 1989). "New Times". Trud.
Anatoly Lukyanov, ''In the Maelstrom of the Russian Troubles'' (Moscow: Kniga i Biznes, 1999), 3.
''Soviet Turmoil; The Soviet Coup and Its Aftermath: A Recap'', in ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 August 1991, p. 16
''Russia Coup Trial Is Yielding A Maze'', in ''[[The New York Times]]'', 21 August 1992, p. 3
[http://base.garant.ru/6334585/ Постановление Съезда народных депутатов СССР от 4 сентября 1991 г. N 2389-I «Об освобождении А. И. Лукьянова от обязанностей Председателя Верховного Совета СССР»]
Anatoly Lukyanov, ''In the Maelstrom of the Russian Troubles'' 4.
''Muse of Anti-Yeltsin Forces: He Is Feared, Never Ignored'', in ''[[The New York Times]]'', 2 May 1996
[https://iz.ru/832253/2019-01-09/lukianov-budet-pokhoronen-na-troekurovskom-kladbishche-v-moskve Лукьянов будет похоронен на Троекуровском кладбище в Москвe]
(19 August 2016). "What Happened To The August 1991 Soviet Coup Plotters?". RFERL.
"Constitutional Reform as a Struggle for Power". Departments Bucknell.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311170329/http://www.upeg.net/company/lukianov.php Lukyanov's page on the OEG Petroservis website] {{in lang. ru
[https://www.rbc.ru/society/09/01/2019/5c36281d9a794726ef34e803 Умер последний председатель Верховного совета СССР Анатолий Лукьянов] {{Webarchive. link. (9 January 2019 {{in lang). ru
[https://iz.ru/832253/2019-01-09/lukianov-budet-pokhoronen-na-troekurovskom-kladbishche-v-moskve Лукьянов будет похоронен на Троекуровском кладбище в Москве] {{in lang. ru
Gretskiy, Igor. (Fall 2019). "Lukyanov Doctrine: Conceptual Origins of Russia's Hybrid Foreign Policy—The Case of Ukraine". Saint Louis University Law Journal.

Wikipedia Source

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