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Ananus ben Ananus

1st century High Priest of Israel (d. 68 AD)

Field	Value
name	Ananus ben Ananus
religion	Judaism
lineage	son of Annas
sect	Sadducee
temple	Temple of Jerusalem
alias	Hanan ben Hanan, Ananus ben Artanus
location	Jerusalem
title	Head of Judean provisional government
predecessor	Joseph Cabi ben Simon
successor	Jesus ben Damneus
post	High Priest of Israel (until deposed in 63, then "High Priest")
birth_place	Roman Judea
death_date	68
death_place	Jerusalem, Roman Judea

Ananus ben Ananus (Hebrew: Hanan ben Hanan; Greek: Ἀνάνου Ἄνανος Ananos son of Ananos; or Ananus filius Anani; d. 68 AD) was a High Priest of Israel in Jerusalem, Judaea in the first century AD. He was the High Priest who ordered the execution by stoning of James, the brother of Jesus (James the Just), according to the Antiquities of the Jews of Josephus. A delegation sent by citizens upset over the perceived breach of justice met Lucceius Albinus before he reached Judea, and Albinus responded with a letter informing Ananus that it was illegal to convene the Sanhedrin without Albinus' permission and threatening to punish the priest. Ananus was therefore deposed by King Herod Agrippa II before Albinus's arrival and replaced with Jesus ben Damneus.

Ananus was one of the main leaders of the Great Revolt of Judea, which erupted in 66 AD. He was appointed as one of the heads of the Judean provisional government together with Joseph ben Gurion in late 66. In 68, Ananus was killed during the inter-rebel civil war in Jerusalem. Josephus in The Jewish War considered Ananus "unique in his love for liberty and an enthusiast for democracy" and as an "effective speaker, whose words carried weight with the people", though in the Antiquities of the Jews he was more critical of his behaviour, calling him "a bold man in his temper, and very insolent".

Great Priest

Josephus's account of the death of James as follows:

Ananus, who, as we have told you already, took the high priesthood, was a bold man in his temper, and very insolent; he was also of the sect of the Sadducees, who are very rigid in judging offenders, above all the rest of the Jews, as we have already observed; when, therefore, Ananus was of this disposition, he thought he had now a proper opportunity [to exercise his authority]. Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled the Sanhedrin of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others, [or, some of his companions]; and when he had formed an accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned: but as for those who seemed the most equitable of the citizens, and such as were the most uneasy at the breach of the laws, they disliked what was done; they also sent to the king [Herod Agrippa II

The current scholarly consensus is that this text is authentic. Moreover, in comparison with [Hegesippus's account of James's death in his Hypomnemata, scholars consider Josephus's to be the more historically reliable.

Head of Judean provisional government

After Ananus was deposed as high priest, he continued to exercise leadership. "Under the guidance of former high priest Ananus ben Ananus, they (the Sanhedrin) exhorted the populace for support against the radical priestly Zealots, as these 'persuaded those who officiated in the Temple sacrifices to accept no gift or services from a foreigner' (BJ II, 409-414)." Later, he marshaled recruits to fight the Zealots, resulting in the Zealot coup in Jerusalem. While commanding the Jews during the siege, Ananus was killed by the Idumeans or Edomites.

References

Sources

References

[[Josephus]], ''[[Antiquities of the Jews]]'', Book 20, Chapter 9, Section 1
Josephhus, [[The Wars of the Jews]]. Book 4.314. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D4%3Asection%3D314
Josephus. "The Antiquities of the Jews".
[[Richard Bauckham]] states that although a few scholars have questioned this passage, "the vast majority have considered it to be authentic" {{harv. Bauckham. 1999
Feldman, Louis H.. (1989). "Josephus, the Bible, and History". E.J. Brill.
Josephus, [[The Wars of the Jews]]. Book 4, Chapter 5

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