Anantnag

Name

The town has been called by both the names Islamabad and Anantnag. The latter is characterised by Marc Aurel Stein as its "Hindu name".

"Anantnag" derives from the name of the spring at the southern end of the town, whose Sanskrit name sa was mentioned in the Nilamata Purana and other texts.

The name Islamabad is believed to have derived from the name of a Mughal governor Islam Khan who built a garden in the area.

Both names are used for the town, Anantnag being preferred by the Hindus and Sikhs while Islamabad is preferred by the Muslims. The locals continue to use the name Islamabad, even though the Indian security forces deployed in the area from 1998 onwards frown on its use.

During the Dogra rule, Anantnag/Islamabad was the headquarters of one of Kashmir Valley's three districts, which was referred to as the "Anantnag wazarat". "Two of Kashmir Province's three districts, Anantnag and Baramula, roughly equated to the Kashmir Valley."

Geography

Anantnag is located at , at an elevation of 5300 ft above sea level, at a distance of 53 km from Srinagar on NH 44 (former name NH 1A before renumbering of all national highways).

| access-date = 2011-05-02 | archive-date = 26 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226114950/http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm | url-status = dead

Demographics

|1911 | 9,019 |1921 | 9,464 |1931 | 13,752 |1941 | 15,472 |1951 | 16,536 |1961 | 21,087 |1971 | 32,414 |1981 | 40,782 |2001 | 97,896 |2011 | 159,838

There are three definitions of Anantnag:

• Anantnag Municipal Council: population in 2011: 109,433, area: 15.72 km2.
• Anantnag city including outgrowths: population in 2011: 150,592, area: 37.94 km2.
• Anantnag Urban Agglomeration: population in 2011: 159,838, area: 40.44 km2. Including outgrowths, in 2011 the city's population had 77,508 males (52%) and 72,690 females (48%).

Government and politics

The local body for Anantnag is called Municipal Council Anantnag. Anantnag has 25 wards. The local body elections in Anantnag took place in 2018 in which the party Indian National Congress won 20 wards and BJP won 3 wards. The President and Vice President are the elected heads of the Municipal Council. The elections are indirect elections. Hilal Ahmed Shah is the President of Municipal Council Anantnag.

District Development Council

Main article: District Development Council

• Chairperson: Yousuf Gorsi (JKNC)
• Vice-chairpwrson: Javaid Ahmad (JKPDP)

Sites

Masjid Baba Dawood Khaki is among the oldest mosques in the city, being built around 1400 CE.

The Martand Sun Temple is one of the important archaeological sites of Kashmir, built around 500 CE. It temple is situated at Kehribal, 9 km east-north-east of Anantnag and south of Mattan. This famous Sun Temple was destroyed by Ruler namely Sikander Buthshikan of Shahmiri Dynasty.

Economy

In 2010 Anantnag was declared as major City of Export excellence with a total GDP of $3.7 billion. The high GDP of Anantnag is due to the centralised position and presence of high concentration of troops and migrant labours in it. Anantnag has a strategic position lying on the main North-South Corridor Road and with the highest number of tourist destinations it an economic hub of Kashmir Valley. The city suffered heavily during conflict times of the 1990s; many roads, bridges, and government buildings were reduced to ash. But in the 2000s, it made a quick recovery. It has been listed among 100 fastest economically developing cities.

Transport

Road

Srinagar is 53 km from Anantnag on NH 44 (former name NH 1A before renumbering of all national highways). The distances of some other towns from Anantnag are: Achabal 10 km, Kokarnag 23 km, Doru Shahabad 20 km and Pahalgam 39 km. The city is served by National Highway 44. The city is gateway to the Kashmir valley as one side of Jawahar Tunnel opens here.

Rail

Anantnag (ANT) is a station on the 119 km (74 mi) long Banihal-Baramulla line that started in October 2009 and connects Baramulla (BRML) and Srinagar to Banihal (BAHL), Qazigund. The railway track also connects to Banihal across the Pir Panjal mountains through a newly constructed 11 km long Banihal tunnel, and subsequently to the Indian railway network after a few years. It takes approximately 9 minutes and 30 seconds for a train to cross the tunnel. It is the longest rail tunnel in India. This railway system, proposed in 2001, is not expected to connect the Indian railway network until 2017 at the earliest, with a cost overrun of 55 billion INR. The train also runs during heavy snow across the Kashmir Valley.

Education

There are numerous primary, middle secondary and higher secondary schools in the city. Of the higher education, the following establishments are notable:

• University of Kashmir South Campus, Anantnag
• Government Medical College, Anantnag
• Industrial Training Institute, Anantnag
• Government Degree College for Boys, Anantnag
• Government College for Women, Anantnag
• Government Boys Model Higher Secondary School, Brakpora, Anantnag
• Al Ahad College of Education, Anantnag
• Jamia College of Education, Anantnag
• Government Polytechnic College Anantnag

References

References

1. (16 December 2020). "Govt orders establishment of official language section in GAD". [[Greater Kashmir]].
2. "Anantnag City Census 2011 data".
3. Stein, M. A. (1899). "Memoir on Maps Illustrating Ancient Geography of Kashmir". Baptist Mission Press.
4. (1890). "Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak". Superintendent of Government Printing.
5. (15 February 2018). "Anantnag or Islamabad? What is the actual name of this South Kashmir district?". Kashmir Watch.
6. Ahmad, Khalid Bashir. (2017). "Kashmir: Exposing the Myth behind the Narrative". SAGE Publishing India.
7. Bhat, M. Ashraf. (2017). "The Changing Language Roles and Linguistic Identities of the Kashmiri Speech Community". Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
8. "What is in a name – Islamabad".
9. [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/12/Anantnag.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Anantnag]. Fallingrain.com.
10. "A-4 Towns And Urban Agglomerations Classified By Population Size Class In 2011 With Variation Since 1901". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}
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11. (July 2016). "District Census Handbook Anantnag, Part B". Census of India 2011.
12. "Municipal Council Anantnag {{!}} District Anantnag, Government of Jammu & Kasmir {{!}} India".
13. (19 July 2018). "Office of the Chief Electoral Officer Jammu and Kashmir – Notification".
14. (2018-10-20). "J&K municipal polls: Congress wins Anantnag, sweeps Leh, BJP makes its mark in Valley".
15. "President Municipal Council Anantnag awarded for his fight against COVID-19".
16. (1 December 2010). "Centre declares Srinagar, Anantnag as 'Export Excellence towns'". [[The Economic Times]].
17. "Anantnag Pin code". citypincode.in.