Amritsar district

History

Sur Empire (1540 - 1554)

Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan monarch, defeated Kamran in 1540 and conquered Punjab, including Amritsar, which remained part of the Sur Empire until 1554.

Sikh Empire

The control of Amritsar was fully taken by Maharaja Ranjit Singh by 1802, after bringing all the Misls under his control. He also fortified Gobindgarh Fort along modern lines.

British

Amritsar district was annexed by the British from its former Sikh rulers after the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848–1849. During British Rule Amritsar District was part of Lahore Division and was administratively subdivided into 3 tehsils namely - Amritsar, Ajnala and Tarn Taran. However, as part of the partition of India in 1947, Amritsar district was separated from the rest of the division and awarded to India. Some areas 186 villages, Patti & Khem Karan falling in the Lahore District (Kasur Tahsil) became part of Amritsar District at partition. During the partition period, the Muslim population of the district, some 46%, left for Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs from West Punjab in newly created Pakistan migrated in the opposite direction. The Sikhs and Hindus (37% and 15.38%) were a majority in the Amritsar district jointly constituting about 52% of the total population before the partition of 1947.

Climate

Amritsar has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen: Cwa), typical of Northwestern India and experiences four seasons primarily: winter season (December to March, when temperatures can drop to -1 C, summer season (April to June) where temperatures can reach 45 C, monsoon season (July to September) and post-monsoon season (October to November). Annual rainfall is about 703.4 mm.{{cite web | access-date = 31 March 2020 | access-date = 31 March 2020

|Jan record high C = 26.8 |Feb record high C = 32.2 |Mar record high C = 36.2 |Apr record high C = 44.1 |May record high C = 47.7 |Jun record high C = 47.8 |Jul record high C = 45.6 |Aug record high C = 40.7 |Sep record high C = 40.6 |Oct record high C = 38.3 |Nov record high C = 34.2 |Dec record high C = 28.5 |year record high C = 47.8 | Jan avg record high C = 23 | Feb avg record high C = 26.1 | Mar avg record high C = 32 | Apr avg record high C = 40.5 | May avg record high C = 44 | Jun avg record high C = 44.1 | Jul avg record high C = 39.8 | Aug avg record high C = 37.1 | Sep avg record high C = 36.8 | Oct avg record high C = 35.5 | Nov avg record high C = 30.5 | Dec avg record high C = 24.9 | year avg record high C = 45.2 | Jan avg record low C = -0.5 | Feb avg record low C = 1.7 | Mar avg record low C = 5.6 | Apr avg record low C = 10.2 | May avg record low C = 15.8 | Jun avg record low C = 19.6 | Jul avg record low C = 21.7 | Aug avg record low C = 21.4 | Sep avg record low C = 17.8 | Oct avg record low C = 10.7 | Nov avg record low C = 4.2 | Dec avg record low C = 0.1 | year avg record low C = -1.2 |Jan record low C = -2.9 |Feb record low C = −2.6 |Mar record low C = 2 |Apr record low C = 6.4 |May record low C = 9.6 |Jun record low C = 15.6 |Jul record low C = 18.2 |Aug record low C = 18.8 |Sep record low C = 13 |Oct record low C = 7.3 |Nov record low C = -0.6 |Dec record low C = −3.6 |year record low C = −3.6 | access-date = 31 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200721090351/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IN/42071.TXT | archive-date = 2020-07-21 | url-status = dead | access-date = 11 January 2014

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Amritsar district has a population of 2,490,656, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada.{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Nevada 2,700,551 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }} The number of literates in Amritsar district is 1,684,770 (67.6%), with 932,981 (70.8%) male literates and 751,789 (64.1%) female literates. The effective 7+ literacy of the district is 76.27%. The sex ratio of 889 females for every 1,000 males. The total Scheduled Caste population is 770,864 (30.95%) of the population. There were 488,898 households in the district in 2011.

Gender

The table below shows the sex ratio of Amritsar district in various census years.

Religion

According to the 2011 census, Sikhs make up about 69% of the population while Hindus 28%, with a small minority of Christians (2%) and Muslims. Sikhs predominate in rural areas (over 90%), while Hindus and Sikhs are in nearly-equal numbers in urban areas. Christianity is growing rapidly especially among Dalits, while Islam, once the major religion in the district, is now insignificant.

The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Amritsar district.

Language

At the time of the 2011 census, 94.29% of the population spoke Punjabi and 4.80% Hindi as their first language. Hindi-speakers almost all live in urban areas.

Health

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Amritsar, as of year 2020.

The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Amritsar of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020.

The table below shows the current use of family planning methods by currently married women between the age of 15 and 49 years, in Amritsar district.

The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Amritsar district by year.

Economy

The table below shows the number of registered working factories and workers employed by selected manufacturing industries in Amritsar district as of 2017.

District administration

• The Deputy Commissioner, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service is in charge of general administration of the district. He is generally a middle-level IAS officer of Punjab Cadre. As the District Magistrate, he also effectively the head of the police force. The Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar is Harpreet Singh Sudan appointed in 2022.
• Administration of departments such as public works, health, education, agriculture, animal husbandry, etc. is headed by district officers who belong to various Punjab state services.
• The Commissioner of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is responsible for maintaining law and order in the district. He is assisted by officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials.
• The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the Indian Forest Service is responsible for the management of forests and wildlife in the district. He is assisted by officers of the Punjab Forest Service, other Punjab Forest officials, and Punjab Wildlife officials.
• A Municipal corporation is responsible for the management of public works and health systems in the city of Amritsar. The municipal corporation is a democratic body of councillors and is presided over by the Mayor, who is elected by the councillors. At present, there are more than 70 councillors.

Amritsar District Borders the Pakistani Punjab Districts of Lahore, Kasur, Shiekhupura along the Ravi River Tarn Taran District to the South along Sutlej River, Kapurthala District along the Beas River and Gurdaspur District to the North.

Tehsils in Amritsar district

There are four tehsils in Amritsar district as per 2011 census.

Politics

MLA

List of DC

Notable people

• Jaspal Bhatti, a comedian and television personality
• Harpinder Singh Chawla, a dental surgeon, medical researcher and writer, known for his work in paediatric dentistry, and receiver of Padma Shri and Punjab Rattan awards
• Baldev Singh Dhillon, an agricultural scientist and vice-chancellor of Punjab Agricultural University from 2011 to 2021
• Jawahir Singh Kapur, Sikh reformer, civil servant, author, poet, publicist, editor, leader and founder of Khalsa College.
• Khushbir Kaur, a racewalk athlete and receiver of Arjun award
• Kapil Sharma, a comedian, television host and Bollywood actor
• Arpinder Singh, a triple jump athlete
• Daljit Singh, an influential ophthalmologist, who did pioneer work and important research in his field
• Janak Raj Talwar, cardiothoracic surgeon
• Surinder Vasal, a geneticist and plant breeder, known for his contributions in developing a maize variety with higher content of usable protein
• Gurpreet Singh Wander, an influential cardiologist and academic

References

References

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25. (21 January 2022). "Road Accidents in Punjab".
26. (27 December 2019). "Registered Working Factories and Workers Employed". Punjab Planning Department, Punjab Department of Economic and Statistical Organization.
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29. (19 June 2006). "List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006".
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