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Ammonium hexachloroplatinate

0.7 g/100ml (15 °C) 0.499 g/100ml (20 °C) 3.36 g/100ml (100 °C)}} | NFPA-F = | NFPA-H = | NFPA-R = | NFPA-S = | TLV-TWA = | TLV-STEL = | TLV-C =

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate, also known as ammonium chloroplatinate, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2[PtCl6]. It is a rare example of a soluble platinum(IV) salt that is not hygroscopic. It forms intensely yellow solutions in water. In the presence of 1M NH4Cl, its solubility is only 0.0028 g/100 mL.

Preparation and structure

The compound consists of separate tetrahedral ammonium cations and octahedral [PtCl6]2− anions. It is usually generated as a fine yellow precipitate by treating a solution of hexachloroplatinic acid with a solution of an ammonium salt. The complex is so poorly soluble that this step is employed in the isolation of platinum from ores and recycled residues.

As analyzed by X-ray crystallography, the salt crystallizes in a cubic motif reminiscent of the fluorite structure. The [PtCl6]2− centers are octahedral. The NH4+ centers are hydrogen bonded to the chloride ligands.

Uses and reactions

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating. Heating (NH4)2[PtCl6] under a stream of hydrogen at 200 °C produces platinum sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H2[PtCl6].

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate decomposes to yield platinum sponge when heated to high temperatures: :3(NH4)2PtCl6 → 3Pt(s) + 2NH4Cl(g) + 16HCl(g) + 2N2(g)

Safety

Dust containing ammonium hexachloroplatinate can be highly allergenic. "Symptoms range from irritation of skin and mucous membranes to life-threatening attacks of asthma."

References

References

  1. (2007-03-19). "ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)". Chemister.ru.
  2. George B. Kauffman. (1967). "Inorganic Syntheses".
  3. Cotton, S. A. ''Chemistry of Precious Metals'', Chapman and Hall (London): 1997. {{ISBN. 0-7514-0413-6.
  4. Verde-Gómez, Y.; Alonso-Nuñez, G.; Cervantes, F.; Keer, A. "Aqueous solution reaction to synthesize ammonium hexachloroplatinate and its crystallographic and thermogravimetric characterization" Materials Letters, 2003, volume 57, p 4667-4672. {{doi. 10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00381-1
  5. (1977). "Modern Descriptive Chemistry". W. B. Saunders Company.
  6. (2001). "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry".
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platinum(iv)-compounds chloro-complexes ammonium-compounds hexachloroplatinates
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